The Effect of Education on the Sexual Beliefs of Family Physicians

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education regarding a healthy sex life on family physicians’ ideas concerning sexuality. Methods: A 3-hour interactive education program was prepared for family physicians. Thirty-seven family physicians and 21 students specializing in family medicine volunteered to participate in the program. Results: The level of agreement expressed by participants with 25 of the 31 dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the study decreased after training. Only marital status played a significant role in predicting change percentages in sexual beliefs. Conclusions: We think that programs concerning a healthy sex life should be added to physicians’ training.     

Abstracts

Benedek, E. P. & Benedek, R. S. Joint custody: Solution or illusion?American Journal of Psychiatry, Bennett, M. J. & Wisneski, M. J. Continuous psychotherapy within an HMO. American Journal of Psychiatry, DiBella, A. W. Family psychotherapy with the homosexual family: A community psychiatry approach to homosexuality. Community Mental Health Journal, Green R. J., Ferguson, L. R. Framo, J. L. Shapiro, R. J. & La Perriere, K. A symposium on family training for psychologists. Professional Psychology, Ferguson, L. R. The family life cycle: Orientation for interdisciplinary training. Professional Psychology, Framo, J. L. A personal viewpoint on training in marital and family therapy. Professional Psychology, Shapiro, R. J. The problematic position of family therapy in professional training. Professional Psychology, La Perriere, K. Toward the training of broad-range family therapists. Professional Psychology, Mirande, A. A reinterpretation of male dominance in the Chicano family. The Family Coordinator, Murray, M. E. Family character analysis. American Journal of Psychoanalysis,     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article: Beavers, W. Robert. Psychotherapy and growth: A family systems perspective. Clanton, G. & Smith, L. G. Jealousy. Erickson, Gerald D. & Hogan, Terrence P. Family Therapy—An introduction to theory and technique. Scanzoni, John H. The black family in modern society. Sholevar, G. Pirooz, (Ed.). Changing sexual values and the family. Stein, Edward V., (Ed.). Fathering: Fact or Fable? Sugar, Max (Ed.). The adolescent in group and family therapy.     

Gambling and the family: From the stress‐coping‐support Perspective 1

Abstract

Aims: To apply the stress‐coping‐support perspective to the study of the effects of problem gambling in the family. Specifically, to examine the ways in which family members cope and the nature and sources of support they receive. To compare coping strategies of family members of gamblers with those of individuals living with other addictive behaviour in the family. Design: Cross‐sectional interview and questionnaire study of close relatives of problem gamblers. Participants: Sixteen close family members of gamblers from separate families, mainly parents and partners. Data: Semi‐structured interview; adapted version of the Coping Questionnaire (CQ). Findings: Data from the CQ and qualitative analysis of interview data suggested considerable use of ‘engaged’ (specifically controlling) ways of attempting to cope with such problems, comparable to the use of such strategies by relatives of people with alcohol or drug problems, but little use of ‘tolerant‐accepting’ and ‘withdrawal’ ways. Interview data on the support received (or not) by family members confirmed previous research showing that relatives of people with addiction problems often feel unsupported, but particularly appreciate positive emotional and practical support for themselves and their problem gambling relatives. Conclusions: The stress‐coping‐support perspective, previously applied to families with alcohol and drug problems, also offers an appropriate framework for understanding problem gambling and the family.     

Reviews

Books reviewed: Whiteside, Richard, The art of using and losing control: adjusting the therapeutic stance Whiteside, Richard, The art of using and losing control (video) Yapko, Michael, Breaking the patterns of depression Love, A., Moloney, L., Fisher, T., Federally-funded family mediation in Melbourne: outcome, costs and client satisfaction Moloney, L., Fisher, T., Love, A., Ferguson, S., Federally-funded family mediation in Sydney—outcome, costs and client satisfaction Moloney, L., Fisher, T., Love, A., Ferguson, S., Federally-funded family mediation in Sydney—synopsis, key findings and recommendations Ackerman, Marc, Clinician's guide to child custody evaluation Everett, Craig, Child custody: legal decisions and family outcomes Irvine, John, Who'd be a parent? The manual that should have come with the kids! Greenspan, Stanley with Lieff Benderly, Beryl, The growth of the mind and the endangered origins of intelligence MacKinnon, L., Trust and betrayal in the treatment of child abuse     

REVIEWS

PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Williamson, D. S. (1991). The intimacyparadox: Personal authority in the family system. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Freeman, D. S. (1992). Multigenerational family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Framo, J. (1992). Family-of-origin therapy: An intergenerational approach. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Sherman, R., Oresky, P., & Rountree, Y. (1991). Solvingproblems in couples and family therapy: Techniques and tactics. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Donaldson, R. (Ed.). (1991). Sacred unity: Further steps to an ecology of mind/Gregory Bateson. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: L'Abate, L. (1992). Programmed writing: A self-administered approach for interventions with individuals, couples, and families. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Lewis, K. G. (Ed.), (1991). Family systems application to social work: Training and clinical practice. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Combs, G., & Freedman, J. (1990). Symbol, story, and ceremony: Using metaphor in individual and family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Vesper. J. H., & Brock, G. W. (1991). Ethics, legalities, andprofessionalpractice issues in marriage and family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Peterson, M. R. (1992). At personal risk: Boundary violations in professional-client relationships. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Imber-Black, E., & Roberts, J. (1992). Rituals for our times: Celebrating, healing, and changing our lives and relationships. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Peele, S., & Brodsky, A. (1991). The truth aboutaddiction andrecuvery. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Nitzberg, E. (1991). Hippocrates' handmaidens: Women married tophysicians. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Sellner, J. A., & Sellner, J. G. (1991). Loving for life: Your self-help guide to a successful, intimate relationship. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Buxton, A. (1991). The other side of the closet: The coming-out crisis for straight spouses. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Hunter, M., & “Jem.” (1989). The first step forpeople in relationships with sex addicts: A workbook for recovery. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Greeson, C., Hollingsworth, M., & Washburn, M. (1990). The grief adjustment guide.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Whitaker, Carl A. and Malone, Thomas P. The roots of psychotherapy. Kramer, Charles H. Becoming a family therapist: Developing an integrated approach to working with families. Lansky, Melvin R. (Ed.). Family therapy and major psychopathology. Freeman, David S. Techniques of family therapy. Bockus, Frank. Couple therapy.     

Risk in childhood family environments and loneliness in college students: Implications for health

Abstract

Objective: To investigate associations between risk in family environments and health-relevant outcomes in college and the role of loneliness. Participants: College students at a state university (N?=?360). Methods: We utilized linear regression to examine relationships between risk in family environments and loneliness, perceived stress, affect, and self-rated health. We tested for indirect effects of risk in family environments on outcomes through loneliness Results: Analyses showed that risk in family environments associated with loneliness (β?=?0.12 t[358]?=?2.22, p = .03, R² change = .02), perceived social stress (β?=?0.20, t[357]?=?3.88, p?<?0.001, R² change = .04), negative and positive affect (β?=?2.44, t[357]?=?3.95, p < .001, R² change = .04), and (β = –0.18 t[357]= –3.44, p = .001, R² change = .03 respectively), and self-rated health (β?=?0.19, t[359]?=?4.57, p < .001, R² change = .10). Significant indirect effects were observed for risk in early family on all outcomes through loneliness. Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence that risk in childhood family environments may negatively affect health by increasing loneliness in college students.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Tiefer, L. (1995). Sex is not a natural act and other essays. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Carr, A. (1995). Positive practice: A step-by-step guide to family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Read, J. (1995). Counseling for fertility problems. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Roy, R., & Frankel, H. (1995). How good is family therapy? A reassessment. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Kaslow, F. (1995). Projective genogramming. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Held, B. S. (1995). Back to reality: A critique of postmodern theory in psychotherapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Fontes, L. A. (Ed.). (1995). Sexual abuse in nine north American cultures. GENERAL INTEREST BOOK: Bor, R., & Elford, J. (Eds.). (1994). The family and HIV. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Wassil-Grimm, C. (1994). Where's daddy? How divorced, single, and widowed mothers can provide what's missing when dad's missing. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Block J. (1994). Family myths: Living our roles, betraying ourselves. VIDEOTAPE REVIEW: The Psychological Residuals of Slavery. (1995). (Videotape presenting emotional and behavioral consequences of historical enslavement on contemporary African Americans).     

Reviews

Books reviewed: George W. Burns, Nature‐guided Therapy: brief integrative strategies for health and well‐being Robert Theobald, The healing century Judith Johnson, and William McCown, Family Therapy of neurobehavioral disorders: integrating neuropsychology and family Therapy P.R. Sachs, Treating families of brain‐inury survivors Andrew Turnell, and Steve Edwards, Signs of safety: a solution and safety oriented approach to child protection casework D.M. Fox, and N. Miller, (eds) An oral history of marriage counselling in Australia: from meaning well to doing well Hilda Kessler, (ed.) Treating couples Leslie B. Kadis, and Ruth McClendon, Concise guide to marital and family therapy     

Integrating Social Justice into the Practice of CBFT: A Critical Look at Family Schemas

Many families come to therapy struggling with the negative consequence of social inequity. Family therapy modalities have been developed to address these negative consequences and attend to power and social equity (Transformative family therapy: Just families in a just society. Boston, MA: Pearson Education; Socio‐emotional relationship therapy. New York, NY: Springer). We argue that many family therapy modalities can be adapted to include social equity (Applying critical social theory in family therapy practice. AFTA Springer Series. New York, NY: Springer Publishing). Specifically, cognitive behavioral family therapy can be used to address the inequality in social systems that negatively affect the family system. We focus on schema formation and suggest an emphasis on societal schemas within the therapy milieu as a tool to help families see how societal inequality can affect the problems faced in family life.     

Book Review

Book reviewed in this article: Farrelly, Frank, and Brandsma, Jeff. Provocative therapy. Gomberg, Edith S. and Franks, Violet, (Eds). Gender and disordered behavior: Sex differences in psychopathology. Gordon, David; Therapeutic metaphors. Grinder, John and Bandler, Richard. The structure of magic II. Headley, Lee Adults and their parents in family therapy: A new direction in treatment. Kilgore, James E. Try marriage before divorce. LoPiccolo, Joseph and LoPiccolo, Leslie. Handbook of sex therapy. McCubbin, Hamilton I, Dahl, Barbara B., and Hunter, Edna J. Families in the military system. Rueveni, Uri; Networking families in crisis. Sager, Clifford J. & Hunt, Bernice. Intimate partners: Hidden patterns in love relationships. Wells, J.G. Current issues in marriage and the family.     

Family group conferences: from Maori culture to decision-making model in work with late modern families in Norway†

Models and methods within social work and child protection services are disseminated across cultural and national borders. The family group conference (FGC), with its origins in traditional Maori culture, is one example of this. The application of this model presupposes an ‘extended family’. Based on sociological theory, we highlight and problematise the explicit inattention to relevant cultural differences. The assumed existence of the extended family is implied in the direct translation of the term. The family in late modern society is often described as diversified, elective and shifting. We argue that FGC is relevant to such families. In our conclusion, we point out that despite changes, the family remains associated with traditional family values as solidarity and joint obligations, responsibilities and continuity. FGC vitalise traditional family values and facilitate for modern families performing traditional family practices. From our exploration of discourses and analyses on how FGC may be transformed from supporting Maori traditional culture to become a decision model in a CPS of a society such as Norway, we find there is a compliance with two fundamental factors: the late modern family's negotiating practices and the revitalisation of traditional family values.     

Family factors associated with emerging adults’ human papillomavirus vaccine behavior

Abstract

Objective: The current study examined the role of family influences on the vaccine behavior of emerging adults. Participants: In Spring 2017, we conducted anonymous online surveys of undergraduate students (n?=?608) at a large, public university in the mid-Atlantic. Methods: Logistic regression was used to examine associations between family factors and students’ awareness of the HPV vaccine, vaccine receipt, and vaccine intentions. Family factors included sex communication, religiosity, parental monitoring, family structure, and parents’ birthplace. Results: More comprehensive family sex communication is associated with less uncertainty regarding HPV vaccine receipt and greater likelihood of being already vaccinated. More frequent family religiosity and more parental monitoring are associated with greater likelihood of having decided against vaccination rather than already being vaccinated. Significant gender and racial disparities exist. Conclusion: Further research, policy, and programmatic intervention are needed to reduce disparities and to improve emerging adults’ compliance with HPV vaccine recommendations.     

EXTENDED REVIEW

The Origins of English Individualism: the family, property and social transition by Alan Macfarlane.     

Families,Resources, and Suicide: Combined Effects on Mortality

Important resources from family support systems, employment, and educational attainment inhibit the risk of death. Independently, these factors are particularly salient for suicide, but how they combine to affect mortality is less clear. Analyses of National Health Interview Survey data from 1986 to 2004 (N = 935,802), prospectively linked to mortality through 2006 (including 1,238 suicides), reveals a process of compensation in the way work status and family combine to affect adult suicide: Individuals who are not working experience more suicide defense from more protective family support systems than do working adults. But a process of reinforcement occurs in the combination of education and family: More education associates with more protection from the family than does less education. The findings demonstrate how families and resources combine to affect mortality in unique ways.     

Family members’ experiences and management of resident-to-resident abuse in long-term residential care

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Resident-to-resident (RRA) abuse is increasingly recognized as a significant problem in long-term residential care.Families have a constant presence in this setting, yet their inclusion in research about RRA is minimal. The purpose of this study was to examine family members’ experiences and management of RRA. Methods: The methodology was critical ethnography.Twelve family members participated in in-depth interviews and 56 hours of participant observation were conducted. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: The main themes illuminate families’ experiences of RRA in a context that largely normalizes it.In the absence of formal supports, families developed a range of management strategies, ranging from passive to active intervention.Organizational factors, such as staffing levels and mix, and the physical environment also contributed to RRA. Discussion: Families are actively managing RRA in long-term residential care. Policies and programs, including educational supports, should be developed to validate and support families.     

Family Studies and Intergenerational Studies

ABSTRACT

This paper reviews key sources in the field of family studies in order to identify, in research and program development, intersections of theoretical, methodological, or programmatic interests. The purpose of the paper is to begin a dialogue between researchers and practitioners in the fields of family studies and intergenerational studies to foster collaborative projects in research and programming. The authors have chosen to limit the literature reviewed to sources that contain landmark reviews of research on intergenerational relationships from the perspective of the family studies field: Decade reviews that appeared in the primary journal of the National Council on Family Relations, the Journal of Marriage and the Family(Broderick, 1971a; Berardo, 1980; Booth, 1990; Milardo, 2000); the Handbook of Marriage and the Family(Sussman & Steinmetz, 1987; Sussman, Steinmetz, & Peterson, 1999); Families: Intergenerational and Generational Connections(Pfeifer & Sussman, 1991).     

Differences in substance use,sexual behavior,and demographic factors by levels of ‘outness’ to friends and family about being a male-for-male escort

Objectives: Male sex work (i.e., escorting) is a stigmatized profession, and men in the sex industry may hide their involvement to avoid negative social consequences. There is limited research comparing men who are out about being an escort to their friends and/or family to those who are out to neither friends nor family. Methods: Data were taken from a 2013 online study of male escorts who were categorized into 3 groups based on outness patterns — friends only (48.9%, n = 193), friends and family (26.6%, n = 105), or neither friends nor family (23.5%, n = 93) — and they were compared on demographic and behavioral variables. Results: We hypothesized that men out to neither friends nor family would perform poorer across indicators of health and well-being due to the lack of social support that can come from friends and family. However, with the exception of reporting lower satisfaction and pay from their last male client, this hypothesis was unsupported. Outness patterns were largely unassociated with social and sexual behaviors with the last male client, and the majority eschewed condomless anal sex with their last male client, suggesting escorts — regardless of how out they are to friends and family — could navigate safer-sex behaviors with their clients. Outness was associated with substance use (<12 months) and substance use with their last male client — men out to friends and family were, for the most part, the most likely to have used substances. Men out to friends and family were significantly more likely than others to have been escorting for more than 5 years and to be escorting full-time. Conclusions: Interventions for escorts that address substance use and sexual risk behaviors and incorporate supportive friend and family social networks may be an important area for future research.     

Communicatively Constructing Birth Family Relationships in Open Adoptive Families: Naming,Connecting, and Relational Functioning

Open adoption (i.e., involving ongoing communication between birth and adoptive families) has become the predominant form of private domestic adoption. As such, an understanding of the communicative structures that create and sustain these families is needed. Grounded in discourse dependent family theorizing, we explored open adoptive parents’ (n = 298) construction of the birth family relationship through naming and connecting. Thematic analysis illuminated six address terms: identical derivative, familiar, cultural derivative, parallel derivative, first name, and no address term. Cluster and discriminant function analysis revealed four open adoption contact types: controlled, social, constant, and concise, which predict relational functioning.