Erfassung von Synergieeffekten von Projekten des Public Social Private Partnership (PSPP)

In this article performance measurements and synergy effects of Public Social Private Partnerships are estimated. After an overview on the literature on different definitions, subject and efficiency of Public Private Partnerships and especially of Public Social Private Partnerships, a methodical approach for measuring performance and synergies is developed. This approach is based on the concept of the Cobb/Douglas production function and it can be interpreted as the standardized Nash solution of cooperative games. The micro theoretical approach is analyzed with regard to its assumptions, implications and consequences and subsequently applied to the PSPP project initiated by the Bertelsmann Stiftung. The empirical analysis is based on a survey among the cooperation partners of the project Anschub.de, in which data on the resources and budgetary contributions of the cooperation partners were collected. By means of the budgetary contributions relative performance measurements and synergy effects respectively can be investigated for the partners.     

机构投资者信息搜寻、公开信息透明度与私有信息套利

本文利用特有的机构投资者私有信息搜寻数据,研究了机构投资者的信息搜寻、透明度与私有信息套利的关系。本文的研究发现,机构投资者的信息搜寻和信息披露的透明度降低了私有信息套利,而且机构投资者信息搜寻、信息披露透明度在私有信息套利严重的公司对降低私有信息套利的作用更加明显。同时,本文的研究结果也表明,机构投资者信息搜寻与信息披露透明度对私有信息套利存在交互效应,随着信息披露透明度的提高,机构投资者信息搜寻对私有信息套利的边际效应下降。     

网络舆论的公司治理影响机制研究——基于定向增发的经验证据

上市公司定向增发是其重要的财务决策,往往涉及公司治理的好坏,历来受到网络舆论的关注.本文利用股吧中针对上市公司定向增发的评论这一个特定数据作为网络舆论的替代变量,研究在网络时代网络舆论对于公司内部以及外部的治理机制的影响,特别是在我国法律保护不健全的现实环境下,网络舆论在保护中小投资者权益方面所发挥的作用.实证结果表明,遭到网络舆论反对的增发公司,其定向增发公告后的股票超额收益率显著为负,其后该定向增发预案通过相关部门审核的概率也显著下降.换句话说,网络舆论会先后触发两层外部治理机制——资本市场的惩戒和监管部门的严格审查.与之形成对比的是,没有证据表明网络负面舆论会触发内部治理机制——网络负面舆论对于定向增发预案通过股东大会的概率不产生显著影响.本文进一步发现,网络负面舆论越高的公司,增发实施之后,公司业绩下降的概率也越大,这表明网络舆论并非是空穴来风或是毫无根据,而是能够在事前发掘出定向增发中可能存在的问题.     

Roads to Institutionalization: The Remaking of Boundaries between Public and Private Science

We analyze the process of institutionalization, arguing that it is the outcome of the self-reinforcing feedback dynamics of heightened legitimacy and deeper taken-for-grantedness, using novel techniques to document and trace this change over a 30-year period. Our focus is the remaking of the boundaries between public and private science, an institutional transformation that joined science and property, two formerly distinct spheres. The setting is Stanford University, an early adopter and pioneer in the formulation of policies of technology transfer. We illustrate how archival materials may be systematically assessed to capture notable changes in organizational practices and categories, reflecting both local and field-level processes. The paper concludes with a set of indicators that gauge low, medium, and high elements of institutional change. We argue that this approach allows for more precision in measurement and enables comparisons across studies, two standard critiques of the institutional approach.     

Social Media(tion) and the Reshaping of Public/Private Boundaries in Employment Relations

Tensions surrounding social media in the employment relationship are increasingly evident in the media, public rhetoric, and courts and employment tribunals. Yet the underlying causes and dimensions of these tensions have remained largely unexplored. This article firstly reviews the available literature addressing social media and employment, outlining three primary sources of contestation: profiling, disparaging posts and blogs, and private use of social media during work time. In each area, the key dynamics and underlying concerns of the central actors involved are identified. The article then seeks to canvas explanations for these forms of contestation associated with social media at work. It is argued that the architecture of social media disrupts traditional relations in organisational life by driving employer and employee actions that (re)shape and (re)constitute the boundaries between public and private spheres. Although employers and employees are using the same social technologies, their respective concerns about and points of entry to these technologies, in contrast to traditional manifestations of conflict and resistance, are asymmetric. The article concludes with a representational summary of the relative legitimacy of concerns for organisational actors and outlines areas for future research.     

Demographics,Public Spending and Social Programs

The demographic trends of the population of Italy are characterized by a very low fertility rate (in the 1990s the total fertility rate was 1.1–1.3, i.e. one of the lowest in the world) and very rapid aging (Italy was the first country in the world in which people aged 60+ outnumbered people aged less than 20). These trends require continuous and deep changes in the organization of society and in public services to avoid an increasing imbalance between demand and supply. They also require new social policies based on equity, efficiency and rationality.     

The Role of Insurance in Managing Natural Hazard Risks: Private Versus Social Decisions

We explore the interaction between individual and collective decisions concerning natural hazards. Collective actions such as building a dam change the risks faced by private individuals. We show that, with proper incentives, individual reactions to such changes in risk can serve to enhance risk management by utilizing individual's decisions to take account of their specialized knowledge about their risk preferences and losses. We demonstrate that the efficient response to construction of a dam may be private actions that lead to a fully anticipated increase in flood damage. In such instances, zoning that focuses on reducing flood damage may lead to less efficient use of the flood plain. More generally, even where incentives for underinvestment in market insurance and self-insurance are present, constraining use of the flood plain by zoning will not generally lead to efficient outcomes. The model identifying conditions under which informed individuals have the incentives to make efficient decisions is powerful and directs attention toward more fruitful approaches.     

组织工作话语权的维护与公信力的提升

组织工作是党的建设的重要组成部分,组织部门是党委的重要职能部门.要体现落实党管干部、党管人才、党管队伍的任务要求,可以说举足轻重,影响巨大.其职能角色具有双重性、双向性:一方面,受托于党委领导,必须坚决贯彻执行党委的方针政策;另一方面,又承载着广大党员群众的期盼和要求,必须吃透下情,顺应民意.既具有政党内务工作执行部门的角色定位,也具有社会公共管理部门的角色性质,实际上承担着承上启下、沟通内外的桥梁纽带作用.     

我国民营钢铁企业信息化影响因素分析

信息化是实现工业化和现代化的必然选择,信息化为我国钢铁工业实现现代化提供了重要机遇.本文结合我国钢铁企业信息化建设的现状,在对国内外关于企业信息化影响因素作简要回顾的基础上,以我国民营钢铁企业信息化影响因素为分析对象,从资金、管理、人力、技术环境4个方面进行了具体分析,在此基础上提出了增强中国民营钢铁企业信息化的4个对策,即:改变粗放管理模式,建立良好公司治理机制;树立科学发展观,增强环保意识;加强技术改造,提高企业综合竞争力;借助信息化,延伸产业链,推进企业集团化.     

Organizations in the Public Sector in Hong Kong: Core Government, Quasi-Government and Private Bodies with Public Functions

Twenty-five years ago, the Hong Kong government was lauded as the model of a small, restricted government which was most suited to capitalist economic growth. Since that time, the government and the organizations which it has created have expanded to such an extent that there has been widespread concern that the public sector has grown too large. This article examines the reasons for the rapid growth in the size of the public sector, reflects on the organizational forms outside the traditional civil service that have been adopted, and analyzes the attempts that have been made to reduce the public bureaucracy by corporatizing and privatizing some of the services that it provides. Central to the argument presented is the question of whether an ideological commitment to small government or other functional and political factors have been the critical determinants of organizational change.     

双层社交网络上的企业舆情 传播模型及控制策略研究

  随着社会化媒体时代的到来,社交网络中企业舆情的形成与传播为现代企业管理带来了深远影响。当前关于企业舆情传播的研究主要以在线社交网络为传播媒介展开,鲜有研究考虑舆情在传统线下网络与在线社交网络的同时传播。此外,通过识别社交网络中最具有影响力的权威节点以实现信息传播规模最大化是当前信息传播控制策略的主要思路,而基于价值共创理论针对最小化负面舆情传播范围的控制策略相对较少。         基于此,探索双层社交网络上的企业舆情传播规律和控制策略。考虑到线上、线下活动的相互依赖性,基于复杂网络理论和传播动力学等方法,构建双层社交网络上的舆情传播模型;对传播模型进行仿真实验,并将仿真结果与单层社交网络进行对比;基于价值共创理论提出以减缓未知者向已知者转化为目的和以加速传播者向免疫者转化为目的的两类企业舆情传播的控制策略,并利用仿真实验验证控制策略的有效性。         研究结果表明,①在双层社交网络中,舆情的传播同时具备线上网络和线下网络中的传播特征;②双层社交网络层间的耦合连接模式对舆情的传播过程具有显著影响,同配连接最利于舆情的传播,而异配连接最不利于舆情的扩散;③企业的第1类和第2类舆情控制策略对舆情传播的抑制效果具有阶段性,即两类控制策略在舆情传播初期边际效用最大,资源投入越多,舆情传播的抑制效果越明显;而在传播后期,控制策略的边际效用趋近于0,无法实现预期效果。         现代企业在网络舆情管理过程中,除利用正面舆情树立企业形象外,也应时刻关注负面舆情对企业发展带来的消极影响。为有效地规避负面舆情传播对企业带来的损失,企业可通过在社交网络中投入资源,如实施广告宣传、经济赔偿等价值共创策略来抑制舆情的传播,但需要注意控制策略及实施控制时间点的选择。研究结论为企业正确应对网络舆情、保持竞争优势等方面提供了重要依据。     

信息透明度影响团队任务绩效：以企业社会化媒体为例

  随着互联网的发展,社会化媒体已经渗透到企业管理的各个方面,企业社会化媒体的应用改变了企业信息透明度,影响员工的信息交流,给企业带来新的管理问题,也为企业寻求组织变革带来契机。         基于信息透明度理论,以某企业社会化媒体平台为背景,测量其社会化媒体网络中信息透明度对团队任务绩效的影响,探索社会化媒体对当今企业管理的积极作用。采用企业实际数据,借鉴社会网络分析的研究成果,量化信息透明度概念的可见性和可用性两个子维度,选用OLS方法和有序Probit模型,实证检验信息透明度对团队任务绩效的影响。         研究结果表明,由企业社会化媒体形成的企业社会网络中,不同的团队任务具有不同的信息透明度,即拥有不同的信息可见性值和信息可用性值,且信息可见性和信息可用性都对团队任务绩效产生显著的正向影响。OLS结果表明,在其他条件不变的前提下,信息可见性和信息可用性每提高1个单位,团队任务绩效相应变化2.4%和74.3%,有序Probit模型的结果进一步证实了信息可见性和信息可用性较高的团队任务有更大的概率获取更好的绩效评分。         研究结果验证了企业社会化媒体中的信息透明度与企业团队任务绩效存在显著的正向关系,拓展了信息透明度在IS领域的应用,丰富了企业社会化媒体、信息透明度和团队任务绩效的相关研究;识别出量化信息透明度的两个重要指标,为后续研究提供了相应的理论框架;给企业管理实践带来一定的积极作用,启示企业结合自身实际情况,合理利用企业社会化媒体辅助团队交流,以提高团队任务的信息透明度,即信息可见性和信息可用性,进而提升企业绩效。     

Private Ownership versus Institutional Ownership: Exclusion Pricing of Initial Public Offerings

The authors examine the literature with respect to the pricing of initial public offerings and focus upon the relationship of pricing to the structure and conduct of the investment banking industry. Using a data base of all share offerings undertaken in the United States over a two and a half year period, the authors find that there is considerable evidence for the proposition that large, prestigious, and well capitalised investment banks tend to price their share offerings at a higher absolute level than those not meeting such characteristics. Using classical statistical methods, the authors find that the pricing strategy of investment banks is connected to their affiliation with investment funds and unit trusts. The motives for such pricing strategies, the authors argue, lie with the affiliation of investment banks with investment funds, suggesting that the pricing of new share offerings may be a means of excluding retail investors from participating in the strong returns such issues exhibit. The authors raise legal and regulatory implications of their findings in the context of the general consolidation observed within the investment banking industry. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

企业社会责任行为中的战略管理视角理论综述

基于组织对企业社会责任(CSR)表现出的不同态度和内在动机,将企业的CSR行为划分为强制性、回应性、战略性和利他性4种类别,并在此基础上对相关理论进行回顾。通过对以往研究的比较总结,认为CSR行为在本质上作为企业的一种战略决策,受到内外部环境的共同影响并与之协同演进。由此,首次将战略管理中的协同演进观引入CSR研究,建立起CSR行为战略与组织绩效相互作用的协同演进模型,并在此模型基础上提出了下一步理论和实证研究的方向。     

西安地区私营企业家社会网络特征分析

利用社会网络分析理论中的测度指标,对西安地区私营企业家社会网络进行了特征分析,得出了其整体网络与经营网、日常网2个子网的特征,并对其子网之间特征的差异做出了理论上的解释.在此基础上,对子网特征进行了试探性的聚类和组合分析.     

The Theory of Global Games on Test: Experimental Analysis of Coordination Games with Public and Private Information

The theory of global games has shown that coordination games with multiple equilibria may have a unique equilibrium if certain parameters of the payoff function are private information instead of common knowledge. We report the results of an experiment designed to test the predictions of this theory. Comparing sessions with common and private information, we observe only small differences in behavior. For common information, subjects coordinate on threshold strategies that deviate from the global game solution towards the payoff‐dominant equilibrium. For private information, thresholds are closer to the global game solution than for common information. Variations in the payoff function affect behavior as predicted by comparative statics of the global game solution. Predictability of coordination points is about the same for both information conditions.     

民营企业的社会责任、政治关联与债务融资——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

本文从民营企业社会责任战略性运用的角度,研究我国民营企业的政治关联、社会责任与债务融资之间的关系。对2008-2010年沪深两市A股民营上市公司的实证研究发现:我国民营企业中政治关联的确广泛存在,政治关联能给企业带来贷款、特别是长期贷款的融资便利,地方性政治关联与长期贷款的正向显著性比中央性政治关联更强;社会责任履行度越高越有助于民营企业获得贷款,并且企业社会责任的履行能够帮助企业建立政治联系。本研究为我国转轨经济时期民营企业寻求替代性机制来解决融资约束问题提供了实证证据。     

企业家公德和私德行为的消费者反应:差序格局的文化影响

本文研究了企业家道德行为与消费者联想及行为意向之间的关系。从差序格局的文化视角,将企业家道德行为划分为公德行为和私德行为,以五伦人际关系作为两种道德行为区分的边界。通过情景实验的方法,检查了消费者对企业家公德和私德行为的联想,及消费者反应。结果发现:在企业联想方面,受差序格局文化因素的影响,消费者对企业家公德行为产生企业社会责任联想,而对企业家私德行为产生企业生产能力联想;在购买意愿方面,企业家私德行为能够显著促升消费者购买意愿,然而企业家公德行为需在提供产品质量线索的情况下,才能起到促升消费者购买意愿的作用。     

Exploring Job Satisfaction in Private and Public Employment: Empirical Evidence from Greece

Abstract. This paper analyses subjective job satisfaction (JS) responses by employees in the public and private sectors of the Greek labour market. Panel data covering the period 1995–2001 and a random effects ordered probit model are used for estimation purposes. The results of the econometric estimation show that a substantial JS differential exists between the two sectors, in every JS domain and always in favour of public employment. A typical ordered decomposition analysis indicates that about one‐third of the difference in expected JS can be explained by differences in employee characteristics and two‐thirds by unobserved sector‐specific inbuilt features. The comparison of wage reductions, which a representative employee will be prepared to endure in order to avoid employment in the private sector, reveals that the regularity of working schedules is appreciated more than any other facet of JS. The obtained results enhance the existing apparatus for evaluating government policies in the labour market.