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1.
Contrary to Bourdieu’s theory (Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press (1984)) that cultural consumption of so-called “high” versus popular culture is determined by socio-economic
class, Peterson (Poetics 21:243–258, 1992; Poetics 33:257–282, 2005) finds that higher income and education groups are more
likely to be “cultural omnivores”—consumers of a wide variety of both high and popular cultural goods. Omnivores were also
found to be much less likely to exclude other cultures and to be more open to, and tolerant of, the views of others than those
with narrower cultural tastes, called “cultural univores”. This article investigates the omnivore/univore hypothesis in a
South African context, using survey data collected from 500 attendees of live theatre performances at the National Arts Festival
in 2008. Multiple correspondence analysis (also called perceptual mapping) shows an interesting intermediate state between
Boudieu-like high culture univores and Peterson omnivores, which could have interesting implications for the development of
social tolerance in multi-cultural South Africa. 相似文献
2.
Labor supply responses and welfare effects from replacing current tax rules by a flat tax: Empirical evidence from Italy, Norway and Sweden 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This paper employs a microeconometric framework to examine the labor supply responses and the welfare effects from replacing
current tax systems in Italy, Norway and Sweden by a flat tax on total income. The flat tax rates are determined so that the
tax revenues are equal to the revenues as of 1992. The flat tax rates vary from 23 per cent in Italy, 25 per cent in Norway,
to 29 per cent in Sweden. In all three countries the labor supply responses decline sharply with pre-reform disposable income.
The results show that the efficiency costs of the current tax systems relative to a flat tax may be rather high in Norway
and much lower, but positive, in Italy and Sweden. In all three countries “rich” households – defined by their pre-tax-reform
income – tend to benefit (in terms of welfare) more than “poor” households. In Italy and Sweden a majority will lose from
a shift to a flat tax, while in Norway a majority is predicted to win.
Received: 19 May 1998/Accepted: 02 July 1999 相似文献
3.
Lehr CS 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):567-590
This paper shows that financial intermediation can influence fertility and labor allocation decisions by raising market wages.
The increase in wages induces some households to abandon “traditional” labor intensive methods of production managed at the
household level and supply labor to “modern” sector firms. Since it is optimal for households in the modern sector to have
fewer children, the labor allocation decision leads to lower national fertility. A panel VAR using financial intermediation,
fertility and industrial employment share data in 87 countries is estimated. The empirical results show that the data are
consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Received: 20 October 1997/Accepted: 31 August 1998 相似文献
4.
Timothy J. Hatton 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(3):509-525
Early twentieth century observers argued that recent American immigrants were inferior, and in particular less skilled, than
the old. I estimate wage equations for 1909 allowing for different effects by nationality and for different characteristics
on arrival. I then apply the estimated wage differentials to the immigrant composition to measure the effect of changing composition
on immigrant earnings. Finally I ask how immigrant earning power changed relative to that of native Americans. I conclude
that immigrant “quality” in terms of earnings did decline due to shifting composition but these effects are very small compared
with those reported in studies of the post-second World War period.
Received: 1 September 1997/Accepted: 6 June 1998 相似文献
5.
A note on the rate of intergenerational convergence of earnings 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We show that “convergence” to mean earnings in intergenerational earnings mobility models will be a function not only of
the single-generation correlation of earnings, but also of the properties of the unobserved stochastic distribution of shocks
to earnings.
Received: 24 March 1998/Accepted: 13 November 1998 相似文献
6.
Time preference, international migration, and social security 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Volker Meier 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):127-146
This paper analyzes both the formation of long-run migration incentives and the consequences of a regime change from “autarky”
to “free migration” in an overlapping-generations framework with two countries. Under autarky the countries may differ with
respect to their aggregate savings rate or with respect to their pension-wage ratio. It is shown that an individual prefers
to live in a country where the capital-labor ratio is close to the Golden Rule level and where his characteristics are relatively
scarce. Both the migration incentives and the consequences of free migration are determined by these two effects.
Received: 2 March 1998/Accepted: 10 February 1999 相似文献
7.
We examine the labor market performance of return migrants using the Hungarian Household Panel Survey. Two distinct selection
issues are considered in the estimation of the earnings equation; we implement a natural method using MLE. The result that
there is a “premium” to work experience abroad for women is robust across the models we considered. For men, the return to
working abroad is not generally significant.
Received: 4 June 1998/Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
8.
“Living in sin” and marriage: A matching model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper develops a two sided matching model of premarital cohabitation and marriage in which premarital cohabitation serves
as a period of learning. We solve for the optimal policy to be followed by individuals by treating the model as a three stage
dynamic programming problem. We find that couples are more discriminating when forming marital unions than when forming cohabiting
unions. Cohabitation unions arise among members of the same “class” and there is overlap between the classes formed by marital
unions and cohabiting unions. This implies that some cohabiting unions progress to marriage while others do not, a finding
borne out by empirical studies.
Received: 4 November 1999/Accepted: 4 September 2000 相似文献
9.
We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children,
and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements
during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements
during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried
children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with
unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands
from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing
rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially
among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.
相似文献
Kathryn M. YountEmail: |
10.
There is an ambiguity in Amartya Sen’s capability approach as to what constitutes an individual’s resources, conversion factors
and valuable functionings. What we here call the “circularity problem” points to the fact that all three concepts seem to
be mutually endogenous and interdependent. To econometrically account for this entanglement we suggest a panel vector autoregression
approach. We analyze the intertemporal interplay of the above factors over a time horizon of 15 years using the BHPS data
set for Great Britain, measuring individual well-being in functionings space with a set of basic functionings, comprising
“being happy”, “being healthy”, “being nourished”, “moving about freely”, “being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social
relations”. We find that there are indeed functionings that are resources for many other functionings (viz. “being happy”)
while other functionings (“being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social relations”) are by and large independent, thus
shedding light on a facet of the capability approach that has been neglected so far. 相似文献
11.
For modeling complete female fertility we propose a zero-and-two-inflated count data model, which accounts for a relative
excess of both zero and two children. As the underlying distribution of counts we use the standard Poisson distribution and
the more general Gamma count distribution. We compare our proposed model with standard count data models by using data on
complete fertilities for a sample of Swedish women. The preferred specification for Swedish fertility data is the zero-and-two
inflated Gamma count data model. The estimated “extra” probabilities of zero and two children, when modelled as individual
specific probabilities, vary substantially across individuals, with mean of 0.05 and 0.16, respectively. These extra probabilities
show that women who formed a family later in life have a higher probability of being childless, and women of our youngest
cohort have a higher probability of forming a two-child family.
Received: 7 January 1999/Accepted: 19 May 1999 相似文献
12.
Many faculty members consider using case studies but not all end up using them. We provide a brief review of what cases are
intended to do and identify three ways in which they can be used. We then use an example to illustrate how we have used the
case study method in teaching business demography. Among other benefits, we note that the case studies method not only encourages
the acquisition of skills by students, but can be used to promote “deep structure learning,” an approach naturally accommodates
other features associated with the case studies method—the development of critical thinking skills, the use of real world
problems, the emphasis of concepts over mechanics, writing and presentation skills, active cooperative learning and the “worthwhileness”
of a course. As noted by others, we understand the limitations of the case study method. However, given its strengths, we
believe it has a place in the instructional toolbox for courses in business demography. The fact that courses we teach is
a testament to our perceived efficacy of this tool. 相似文献
13.
Gerard J. van den Berg Anders Holm Jan C. van Ours 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(4):647-665
In the Netherlands, students who want to become a medical specialist have to enrol in a training program which is in limited
supply. During the search for a position as trainee (or “junior medical specialist”), they may accept a temporary job as a
medical assistant. We use a micro data set to investigate whether such work experience increases the probability of becoming
junior medical specialist. To deal with selectivity, we simultaneously model the transitions from unemployment to trainee,
from unemployment to medical assistant, from medical assistant to trainee and from medical assistant to unemployment. We find
that a job as medical assistant helps to become a medical specialist.
Received: 27 July 2000/Accepted: 31 January 2001
All correspondence to Gerard J. van den Berg. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
14.
Li Liu 《Social indicators research》2006,75(2):217-240
This study explores the meaning of quality of life (QOL) in China from the perspective of social representations. The data
were collected by open-ended individual interviews with 16 ordinary Chinese people. The study shows that social thinking about
QOL in Chinese society is activated in five critical domains of life: health, family, work, social relations and the natural
environment. Meanwhile, “having” and “being”, the two antinomic, yet dialogical interdependent, interpretive repertoires,
have an overarching generative and normative power over the discourse about QOL. They permeate and underpin the different
domains of life. Dominated by an “economic logic”, the “having” repertoire constructs these life domains through a set of
economic consequences and posits them as resources leading to material possessions. While dominated by an “existential logic”,
the “being” repertoire confesses existential meanings to the same life domains, and emphasises the joy derived from them.
Thereby, it infers that QOL as a social representation is generated from, and organised around, a central thema of “having”
and “being”. 相似文献
15.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
16.
Despina Moraitou Chrysa Kolovou Chrysa Papasozomenou Catherine Paschoula 《Social indicators research》2006,76(1):71-93
This study examined the relationship between hope as disposition, adaptation to old age, and individual-demographic factors.
One hundred and fifty older adults, aged 60–93 years old, completed the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale developed by Snyder
et al. [1991, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 570–585], and the Adaptation to Old Age Questionnaire
developed by Efklides et al. [2003, European Psychologist, 8, pp. 178–191]. Factor analyses revealed 2 factors for hope, “Pathways
Thought” and “Agency Thinking”, and 4 factors for adaptation to old age, “Health Comparison”, “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy”,
“Self-Control”, and “Generativity”. Regression analyses showed that hope as pathways thought predicted all factors of adaptation,
whereas hope as agency thinking predicted only “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy” and “Self-Control”. There were also some
effects of gender, education, marital status, place of residence, and health status on specific aspects of adaptation to old
age. 相似文献
17.
The changes concerning the household’s structure have contributed to the coming out of new households’ forms: in particular
the “mobile” household is a type very interesting, because of dimensions that the family commuting is achieving in Italy.
The Multipurpose survey on “Households, Social subjects and Childhood condition” carried out in June 1998, has allowed for
the first time to collect useful information to describe not only the forms that this phenomenon has in Italy but also those
subjects being more frequently involved by it. 相似文献
18.
This paper takes as its central thesis Martha Nussbaum’s normative proposition that social arrangements should be evaluated
primarily according to the extent of freedom people have to promote or achieve functionings they value. Using this as a lens
the paper explores the housing circumstances of older people in the UK. The paper makes three points. Firstly, given that
people use their homes to structure and manage their lives, the design, quality and standard of their home is therefore a
critical factor in determining their “doings and beings” [Sen: 1992, Inequality Re-examined (Clarendon Press, Oxford) p. 40].
Since older people are more likely to spend greater time within the home through lower income, lessening mobility or loss
of companions, this may be of greater significance to them than other age groups. Secondly the paper argues that the design
of “specialist” dwellings for older people where there is a shifting balance between housing and care has played a part in
shaping the thinking about the position and status of older people as well as providing a material context in which older
people live [Laws: 1994, Environment and Planning A 26: pp. 1787–1802]. This paper suggests that this context may alter or
deny many aspects of life that may be meaningful to individuals and therefore may inhibit rather than promote human flourishing.
The paper draws mainly on a small qualitative study in which older people spoke of their home and its meaning. Quotations
from this work are given in italics. 相似文献
19.
Back in 1975, the European Union (EU) Council of Ministers defined the poor as “individuals or families whose resources are
so small as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life of the Member State in which they live”. This widely quoted
definition leaves room for discussion about what can be considered a “minimum acceptable way of life” in different countries
and thus also whether national perceptions of minimum standards vary from one country to the next. The paper explores this
latter issue by exploiting the first EU dataset allowing a comparative analysis of the items which citizens in the different
Member States consider to be necessary for people to have an “acceptable” standard of living in the country where they live.
It assesses the (in)variance of the structure of the perception of social needs between countries on the basis of an extension
of the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, and shows a high level of congruence between the 27 national patterns. An important
consequence of this result is that it supports the approach which consists of measuring deprivation on the basis of a same
set of (validated) items across all the Member States. 相似文献
20.
Of rotten kids and Rawlsian parents: The optimal timing of intergenerational transfers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hendrik Jürges 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):147-157
This paper shows that altruistic parents with utilitarian preferences may fare better if they transfer resources to their children early in life instead of delaying the bulk of transfers
until after their death. Moreover, the outcome of the analysed “family transfer game” is not Pareto-efficient in the case
of bequests. However, if altruistic parents hold Rawlsian preferences, they will be indifferent between gifts and bequests, and Pareto-efficiency is always obtained. In intermediate
cases of Atkinson-type welfare functions, welfare losses of bequests compared to gifts disappear as the aversion to inequality
converges to infinity.
Received: 3 November 1998/Accepted: 4 May 1999 相似文献