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Well-Being and Social Capital: Does Suicide Pose a Puzzle? 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
John F. Helliwell 《Social indicators research》2007,81(3):455-496
This paper has a double purpose: to see how well Durkheim’s [1897, Le Suicide (Paris: 1e edition)] findings apply a century later, and to see if the beneficial effects of social capital on suicide prevention are
parallel to those already found for subjective well-being (Helliwell 2003, Economic Modelling 20(2), pp. 331–360). The results
show that more social capital and higher levels of trust are associated with lower national suicide rates, just as they are
associated with higher levels of subjective well-being. Furthermore, there is a strong negative correlation between national
average suicide rates and measures of life satisfaction. Thus social capital does appear to improve well-being, whether measured
by higher average values of life satisfaction or by lower average suicide rates. There is a slight asymmetry, since the very
high Scandinavian measures of subjective well-being are not matched by equally low suicide rates. To take the Swedish case
as an example, this asymmetry is explained by Sweden having particularly high values of variables that have more weight in
explaining life satisfaction than suicide (especially quality of government), and less beneficial values of variables that
have more influence in explaining suicide rates (Swedes have low belief in God and high divorce rates), because with the latest
data and models the Swedish data fit the well-being and suicide equations with only tiny errors. If the international suicide
data pose a puzzle, it is more because suicide rates, and their estimated equations, differ greatly by gender, while life
satisfaction and its explanations are similar for men and women. 相似文献
3.
Social capital has often been invoked to explain differences in children’s well-being by family structure. That is, developmental
outcome for children in lone or step parent family is not at par with that of children from intact family because parental
investments on children may be lower not only in financial and human capital but also in social capital. This proposition
has been difficult to examine in greater depth because of lack of conceptual clarity and of data to measure social capital.
Using a definition of social capital as the “ability to secure benefits through membership in networks and other social structures”,
we focus on the impact of family structures on social capital engendered by three types of networks: (a) informal ties with kin, families, friends, neighbours, and workmates; (b) generalized relationships with local people, people in civic groups, and people in general; and, (c) relationships through institutions. In particular, we examine differences in the measures of social capital among women living with no children in various marital
arrangements, and women living with children in intact, step, and lone parent families. Data from the Canadian 2003 General Social Survey on Social Engagement confirm that social capital is indeed greater in intact families than in lone
parent families. Mothers in intact families (especially married mothers) have larger informal networks, are members of more
primordial and purposive organizations, have greater trust in people in the family, in the neighbourhood, and in people in
general, and have greater confidence in government or business institutions. In general, social capital of mothers in step
families is in between that of married mothers in intact families and lone mothers. Thus, the assumption in the literature
that family structure can serve as a proxy for social capital may be justified. However, this study contributes a unique way
of measuring social capital in terms of networks if and when data are available and a way of investigating the relationship
between family structure and social capital; that is, the former as a determinant of the latter. 相似文献
4.
Jyotsna Agrawal Pratima Murthy Mariamma Philip Seema Mehrotra K. Thennarasu John P. John N. Girish V. Thippeswamy Mohan Isaac 《Social indicators research》2011,101(3):419-434
This study aimed to explore subjective well-being (SWB) in an urban Indian sample. Adults (n = 1099) belonging to two wards in the city of Bangalore in South India, responded to a study-specific questionnaire. This
paper is based on data generated as part of an ongoing larger study looking at correlates of SWB. Almost equal number of men
and women responded to the study and their age ranged from 20 to 81 years (mean age 37 years). Majority of them were married,
Hindus, from middle socio-economic status, had studied above pre-university level and more than half were earning. The mean
scores on positive affect (40.9), negative affect (27.6) and life satisfaction (24) suggested above average levels of SWB.
Higher age, being married, having higher education, higher income and working in a full time job seemed to improve life satisfaction
and decrease negative affect. Religion was also significantly associated with negative affect. Step-wise regression analysis
suggested that only education and income were important predictors of positive affect, while negative affect was better predicted
by age, income, work status and religion. Life satisfaction was predicted by income, age and education. The important correlates
of SWB for men and women were somewhat different. Overall, sociodemographic variables have minimal effect on SWB in urban
India and research needs to explore other predictors of SWB. 相似文献
5.
The factors associated with cognitions about problematic Internet use have been empirically tested in various studies. The
aim of the present study was to examine the mediator roles of both life satisfaction and self-esteem between affective components
of subjective well-being and cognitions about problematic Internet use. For this purpose, the model that was conceptualized
by Davis (Comput Human Behav 17:187–195, 2001), Caplan (Comput Human Behav 18:553–575 2002), and Lent et al. (J Vocat Behav 74:190–198 2009) was modified and used as the theoretical framework for this study. The impacts of life satisfaction and self-esteem on the
association between affective components of psychological well-being (positive and negative) and cognitions about problematic
Internet use were tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 480 Turkish university students. The results
reveal that by playing a mediator role, self-esteem impacted positive/negative affect and life satisfaction and, hence, indirectly
influenced cognitions about problematic Internet use. Examining the roles of self-esteem and subjective well-being will provide
a new starting point for further studies. 相似文献
6.
There is ongoing discussion in the scientific literature about the need for a more theoretical foundation to underpin quality
of life (QoL) measurement. This paper applied Keyes et al.’s [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82 (2002) 1007] model of well-being as a framework to assess whether respondents (n = 136 students) focus on elements of subjective well-being (SWB), such as satisfaction and happiness, or on elements of psychological
well-being (PWB), such as meaning and personal growth, when making individual QoL (IQoL) judgments using the Schedue of the
Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL). The Keyes et al.’s model was confirmed and explained 41% of the variance
in SEIQoL scores. Both SWB and PWB were correlated with the SEIQoL Index Score and SWB was found to be an important mediating
variable in the relationship between PWB and SEIQoL. When analyzing different well-being combinations, respondents with high
SWB/high PWB had significantly higher SEIQoL scores than did those with low SWB/low PWB. Respondents with high PWB/high SWB
had higher SEIQoL scores than did those with high PWB/low SWB. Longitudinal studies in different patient groups are needed
to explore the dynamic relationship between IQoL and well-being. Further investigation of the relationship between PWB and
SWB with other instruments purporting to measure QoL would contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying nature
of QoL. 相似文献
7.
Subjective Well-being Among Those Who Exchange Sex and Money,Yunnan, China and Thailand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work explores differences in subjective well-being (SWB) between two samples. Survey data from Yunnan China was collected
by Yang and Luo in 2003 and was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. A second pilot data set was collected in Thailand
during January and February 2007. Predictors of SWB were explored among the Yunnan sample as a whole, between Yunnan men who
traded money for sex and Yunnan women who traded sex for money, and between Yunnan women who traded sex for money and Thai
women who traded sex for money. For Yunnan women who exchanged sex for money, only age nears significance as a predictor of
SWB. For Thai women who sell sex, age was not a significant predictor of SWB; however, having more education and feeling one’s
relative income was good were associated with SWB all else equal. The authors propose that, among this sample of Thai sex
workers, sex work has become normalized in Thailand. 相似文献
8.
The study explores and distinguishes links between parental status (childless persons, parents with residential children,
and empty nest parents) and a range of psychological well-being outcomes in midlife and old age. Data are from the first wave
of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation (NorLAG) study (n = 5,189). We separate outcomes into cognitive (life satisfaction and self-esteem) and affective (positive and negative affect,
depression, loneliness) components. Parental status has a net effect on cognitive well-being among women, as childless women
report significantly lower life satisfaction and self-esteem than both mothers with residential children and empty nest mothers.
However, motherhood is inconsequential for affective well-being. Among men, parental status is unrelated to any of the well-being
aspects. Parental status effects are not modified by age, marital status, and education. The results demonstrate the importance
of investigating the effect of parental status and other objective circumstances on a range of psychological well-being outcomes.
Furthermore, the results reviewed and presented indicate somewhat more positive effects of parenthood in the Nordic countries
than in the US, highlighting the role of social policies in shaping the impact of parental status on well-being. 相似文献
9.
This study examined the role of emotional intelligence (EI) and social support on the relationship between shyness and subjective well-being (SWB) in Chinese college students. The participants were 496 students, with an age range of 18–24, who were attending two different Chinese colleges. Data were collected by using the paper and pencil assessments including Cheek and Buss shyness scale, Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale, multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support, positive affect and negative affect scale and satisfaction with life scale. Path analysis showed that EI and social support partially mediated the relationship between shyness and SWB. The final model also revealed a significant path from shyness through EI and social support to SWB. Furthermore, a multi-group analysis found that the paths did not differ across sexes, but significantly differed between urban and rural areas. The results are discussed in terms of the conceptional context. 相似文献
10.
Gratitude and Adolescent Athletes’ Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted to examine the relationships between gratitude and athletes’ well-being. Study
1 examines the relationship between dispositional gratitude and well-being, while Study 2 investigates the relationship between
sport-domain gratitude and well-being. In Study 1, 169 Taiwanese senior high school athletes (M = 16.43, SD = 0.7 years) were
administered the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al. 2002, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112–127), Team Satisfaction Scale (Walling et al. 1993, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 172–183), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75), and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke and Smith, 2001, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 281–306). In Study 2, a separate sample of 265 adolescent athletes (M = 16.47 years, SD = 0.7) were administered the
modified Sport-domain GQ, Team Satisfaction Scale, and ABQ. Study 1 results showed that dispositional gratitude positively
predicts team satisfaction and life satisfaction, and negatively predicts athlete burnout. Findings from Study 2 revealed
that sport-domain gratitude positively predicts team satisfaction and negatively predicts athlete burnout. A stronger gratitude
and well-being relationship was observed in Study 2. This research provides the initial verification that gratitude and adolescent
athletes’ well-being are related. Possible mechanism of this relation, limitations, and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Croatia has passed through substantial political changes and transition
processes from state to liberal market economy in the last two decades. The next important step is accession to EU and NATO,
and public opinion about joining these associations is divided. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value
of subjective well-being measures in explaining attitudes of Croatian citizens toward accession to NATO and European Union.
In particular, the prognostic utility of SWB is tested over and above usefulness of basic socio-demographic variables in explaining
those political opinions. The research was conducted on a huge and representative sample (N = 4,000) of Croatian citizens in the spring of 2009. As a measure of subjective well-being, Croatian version of International
Well-Being Index (IWI; Cummins in International Wellbeing Index, Version 2 [online]. Available from: , 2002) was used. IWI includes National and Personal Well-Being scales where each scale consists of several personal or national
well-being domains. Socio-demographic variables used in this survey were gender, age, and level of education. Hierarchical
logistic regression was applied to test the unique contribution of National and Personal well-being domains in predicting
attitudes toward accession. The results show that National well-being index is useful in predicting attitudes toward accession
of Croatia to EU and NATO, and has an even higher predictive value than basic socio-demographic variables. National well-being
domains that significantly improve prediction were satisfaction with government and satisfaction with national economic situation.
Higher satisfaction with national government is related to support of accession to both alliances, whereas higher satisfaction
with national economy is associated solely with supporting the EU membership. The personal well-being index and belonging
domains were not useful in this political attitude prediction. Possible theoretical explanation of observed relations between
NWI and political opinion were further discussed. 相似文献
12.
The theory that marriage has protective effects for survival has itself lived for more than 100 years since Durkheim’s groundbreaking
study of suicide (Durkheim 1951 [1897]). Investigations of differences in this protective effect by gender, by age, and in contrast to different unmarried statuses,
however, have yielded inconsistent conclusions. These investigations typically either use data in which marital status and
other covariates are observed in cross-sectional surveys up to 10 years before mortality exposure, or use data from panel
surveys with much smaller sample sizes. Their conclusions are usually not based on formal statistical tests of contrasts between
men and women or between never-married, divorced/separated, and widowed statuses. Using large-scale pooled panel survey data
linked to death registrations and earnings histories for U.S. men and women aged 25 and older, and with appropriate contrast
tests, we find a consistent survival advantage for married over unmarried men and women, and an additional survival “premium”
for married men. We find little evidence of mortality differences between never-married, divorced/separated, and widowed statuses. 相似文献
13.
The primary objective of this study was to more fully understand the impact of having a baby on women’s well-being by attending
to both the level and the content of well-being. To cover the judgemental and affective aspects of well-being we included
global measures of life satisfaction and well-being and affective experience measures derived from the day reconstruction
method. In a sample of 19 first-time mothers no differences between pre and postnatal reports of general life satisfaction,
depression, anxiety, and experienced positive and negative affect were found, suggesting that the arrival of the newborn baby
does not universally impact on women’s level of well-being. Changes in the content of well-being were studied by examining
changes in the way women experience specific activities and interactions with various social partners. There appeared to be
an upward shift in experienced positive affect during active leisure and a slight decrease in negative affect during time
spent with relatives. The results are discussed in light of previously documented changes across the transition to motherhood
in negative mood states, time use, women’s evaluation of various aspects of daily life, and relational satisfaction. 相似文献
14.
Gretchen Livingston 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(1):43-66
Past quantitative research has typically disregarded the effect of gender on the relationship between social capital and immigrant
adaptation. However, recent theory and qualitative evidence suggest that gender is a significant factor moderating this association.
I use Mexican Migration Project (MMP) data regarding Mexican immigrant experiences in the U.S. to examine quantitatively how
the process of job searching, and the effects of network-based job searching, vary by gender. Results show no evidence of
overall sex differences in the likelihood of using network (i.e., family-based or friend-based) or individual (i.e., non-network)
job search methods, but there are sex differences in the processes affecting job search method used. Settlement increases
women’s use of their friend networks to obtain work, while for men, it decreases the use of networks of any kind. Contrary
to conventional wisdom, women who use network-based job searches are less likely to obtain formal sector employment than women
who find work without network assistance. Conversely, using network-based job searches increases the likelihood that men will
find work in the formal sector. Since employment in the formal sector is correlated with wages, as well as nonwage benefits,
this suggests that using networks in the job search has markedly different effects on the overall economic well-being of male
and female Mexican immigrants in the U.S. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines the role of living arrangements in thequality of life of community-dwelling Chinese elders (aged 65 andover) currently residing in Vancouver and Victoria, BritishColumbia. Data are based on a random sample of 830 persons[response rate = 71.5%], who were interviewed in their homes inthe language of their choice in 1995–96. Three dimensions ofquality of life – satisfaction, well-being and social support –are examined for married men and women [living with spouse alonevs. living intergenerationally] and widowed women [living alonevs. living intergenerationally]. Few differences are found formarried persons, especially women; for widows, living alonesignificantly reduces quality of life in a number of areas.Regression analyses indicate that living arrangements are not asignificant predictor of life satisfaction or well-being formarried men and women. For widows, living arrangements determinewell-being but not life satisfaction.Overall, age, health status, and social support (havingfriends/confidante) are better predictors of quality of life forelderly Chinese Canadians than are living arrangements. Findingshighlight the importance of: empirically distinguishing maritalstatus and living arrangements in studying the quality of life ofelders; not homogenizing Chinese Canadian seniors with regard toliving arrangements; and focussing on Chinese elderly widows wholive alone as a group at risk of low well-being. 相似文献
16.
Bruce Headey 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):389-403
An adequate theory of happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) needs to link at least three sets of variables: stable person
characteristics (including personality traits), life events and measures of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affects)
and ill-being (anxiety, depression, negative affects). It also needs to be based on long-term data in order to account for
long-term change in SWB. By including personality measures in the 2005 survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) became
the first available dataset to provide long-term evidence about personality and change in one key measure of SWB, namely life
satisfaction. Using these data, the paper suggests major revisions to the set-point theory of SWB; revisions which seek to
account for long-term change. Previously, theory focused on evidence that individuals have their own set-point of SWB and
revert to that set-point once the psychological impact of major life events has dissipated. But the new SOEP panel data show
that significant minorities record substantial and apparently permanent upward or downward changes in life satisfaction. The
paper aims to explain why most people’s SWB levels do not change, but why a minority do. The main new result, which must be
regarded as tentative until replicated, is that the people most likely to record large changes in life satisfaction are those
who score high on the personality traits of extraversion (E) and/or neuroticism (N). These people in a sense ‘roll the dice’
more often than others and so have a higher than average probability of recording long-term changes. Data come from the 3130
SOEP respondents who rated their life satisfaction every year from 1985 onwards, among whom 2843 also completed a set of questions
about their personality in 2005.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
17.
Wim Groot Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink Bernard van Praag 《Social indicators research》2007,82(2):189-207
There is a small but growing literature on the determinants of social capital. Most of these studies use a measure of trust
to define social capital empirically. In this paper we use three different measures of social capital: the size of the individual’s
social network, the extent of their social safety net and membership of unions or associations. A second contribution to the
literature is that we analyze what social capital contributes to our well-being. Based on this, we calculate the compensating
income variation of social capital. We find differences in social capital when we differentiate according to individual characteristics
such as education, age, place of residence, household composition and health. Household income generally has a statistically
significant effect. We find a significant effect of social capital on␣life␣satisfaction. Consequently, the compensating income
variation of social capital is substantial.
Thanks to Tijl Woortman for his research assistance. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between social capital and subjective well-being (life satisfaction) by using multilevel analysis considering both individual and area-level social capital while adjusting for various control variables at multiple-levels in Seoul, South Korea. The data was from the 2010 (Wave 2) Seoul Welfare Panel Study, conducted by Seoul Welfare Foundation. The final sample for this study consisted of 5,934 individuals aged 18 years or older in 2,847 households within 25 administrative areas. Three-level multilevel linear regression analyses, with random intercept models, were applied. Our results provide evidence that various dimensions of social capital both at the individual and area-level are positively associated with subjective life satisfaction, even after controlling for various factors at the individual, household, and area-levels. All of individual-level social capital variables including organizational participation, perceived helpfulness, trust in authorities were positively associated with subjective life satisfaction. Except for trust in authority, area-level organizational participation and perceived helpfulness were positively associated with subjective life satisfaction. These results suggest that decision makers should consider both individual and area-level social capital targeting to enhance one’s well-being. 相似文献
19.
Natalie J. Sabik 《Journal of women & aging》2017,29(5):405-416
Maintaining an active and engaged social life is a critical component of aging well, and women are generally more socially active than men. However, as women age their self-perceptions of their bodies may reduce social behaviors and consequently, increase depressive symptoms. Because little is known about how body image is associated with social engagement and depressive symptoms among aging women, four aspects of body image: satisfaction with cosmetic features, body function, physical appearance, and weight were assessed among women aged 65 and older (n = 123). Regression analyses indicated that cosmetic appearance, body function, and physical appearance were associated with depressive symptoms, whereas satisfaction with weight was unrelated. Further, both greater satisfaction with cosmetic features and body function were associated with higher levels of social engagement, and social engagement mediated the association between these aspects of body satisfaction and depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that specific age-relevant aspects of body satisfaction are linked to social behavior and depression among aging women, and reduced body satisfaction may lead to lower social engagement, and consequently aging women’s health and well-being may be diminished. 相似文献
20.
Kimberly Fisher Muriel Egerton Jonathan I. Gershuny John P. Robinson 《Social indicators research》2007,82(1):1-33
The present study explored the short-term temporal characteristics of subjective well-being (SWB) and its potential correlates.
Specifically, we examined the intra-individual variability and the trajectories of SWB and its components life satisfaction,
positive, and negative affect. Over a two-week period, 27 participants (78% university students, 85% females, mean age of
29 years) provided SWB data every other day. Before and after this period, participants completed several questionnaires assessing
personality and environmental variables, as well as several open-ended questions. The results provide evidence that participants
experienced a significant amount of intra-individual variability in their SWB and its components. Furthermore, inter-individual
differences in the intra-individual variability were related to several of the personality and environmental variables, as
well as to participant’s age. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that deliberation (one facet of the Big Five
dimension conscientiousness), social support, and age accounted for 58% of the total variance of intra-individual variability
in SWB. In contrast, the slopes of the individual trajectories of SWB were on average statistically non-significantly different
from zero. These results emphasize that information is gained by looking at both the patterns and the intra-individual variability
over time: The individual trajectories of the participants on average appeared to be stable, but intra-individual variability
of SWB was meaningfully related to several of the variables. 相似文献