管理者国际化认知对营销动态能力演化影响的案例研究

选取东软集团进行典型案例研究,以公司20年的国际化发展历程为时间脉络,探讨管理者国际化认知与营销动态能力演化过程之间的联系。研究发现,在企业国际化进程中,管理者国际化认知(包括国际注意力和文化智力)是影响营销动态能力形成的重要因素,并影响企业能力演化的能力形成、能力提升和能力转移3个阶段,进而提出了管理者国际化认知与营销动态能力演化过程的作用关系模型。     

基于文化种群归类的中国企业出口对FDI带动效应研究

结合心理距离与文化距离的相关理论,运用格兰杰因果关系分析方法,对中国企业国际化过程中出口对生产性FDI的带动效应以及这种带动效应的文化差异性进行了初步探索。研究结果表明：在全球市场上,中国企业出口对FDI产生显著的带动效应;在不同文化种群市场上,这种带动效应与其文化距离正相关。最后,描述了目前中国企业国际化过程的特征,并提出了相关的管理含义。     

规模竞争还是范围竞争?——来自中国企业国际化战略的证据

战略管理和国际企业管理领域经常忽视对新兴市场国家的"后来者"的研究。本文分析了产业动态、资源能力和制度变迁等方面因素对我国企业经营的规模和范围的影响,并提出相应假设。本文试图找到与国际化程度相关联的专业化战略或多元化战略与中国企业绩效之间的关系。基于我国上市公司2002年至2004年共2189个样本数据,本文实证研究发现,在我国,专业化企业比多元化企业具有更大的竞争优势,并且获得更好的经济绩效。这可能是由于国内市场日益激烈的竞争和开放政策下全球化的压力决定了企业选择规模竞争。     

企业的国际化感知风险对国际化绩效影响研究

以中国国际化企业为研究对象,探讨中国国际化企业的国际化感知风险对企业国际化绩效的影响。从国际化感知风险概念出发,通过引入企业资源能力(调节变量)和国际化市场进入模式(中介变量),剖析国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的影响,并在此基础上构建国际化感知风险与国际化绩效关系整合研究框架。通过对463家中国国际化企业的数据研究发现,国际化感知风险与国际化绩效之间存在显著负相关关系;国际化感知风险不仅直接作用于国际化绩效,而且还经由企业的市场进入模式间接作用于国际化绩效,即市场进入模式的中介作用显著;国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的作用受国际化经验的调节,国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的回归系数是国际化经验的二次函数。     

分销适应化和价格适应化战略选择的影响因素及其与出口绩效关系的实证研究:以制造业出口企业为例

本文在文献综述的基础上构建了一个分销适应化和价格适应化战略选择的关键影响因素以及与出口绩效的关系的整合概念模型并以我国制造业出口企业为对象进行实证研究.研究发现我国企业在国际经营中采取的分销适应化战略及价格适应化战略受到企业外部因素和内部因素的共同驱动,但不同的内外部因素对适应化战略的影响程度不同.其次,实证研究发现我国企业的出口绩效既受分销适应化战略和国际化视野的直接影响也受出口市场环境和学习能力的间接影响.最后,实证研究发现表明对于我国企业来说提升其国际化视野和学习能力在选择有效的国际营销战略和提高其出口业绩方面有重要作用.     

网络能力、技术能力、制度环境与国际创业绩效

哪些因素决定新创企业国际创业绩效、新创企业在国际化过程中应聚焦国内资源开发还是国外资源整合,这是目前国际创业研究中亟待解决的两个问题.整合资源基础理论和国际创业理论,研究技术能力、网络能力和制度环境对国际创业绩效的作用机制,重点探讨网络能力的调节作用机制.采用层次回归模型等方法,对177家来自中国、越南、老挝3个转型经济国家新创企业的调查问卷进行分析.研究结果表明,技术能力和制度环境是新兴市场新创企业国际创业绩效的决定因素,网络能力对国际创业绩效的影响完全通过技术能力的中介作用实现;网络能力的子维度关系能力对技术能力与国际创业绩效之间关系有负向调节作用,但对制度环境与国际创业绩效之间关系有正向调节作用;网络能力的子维度协调能力对技术能力与国际创业绩效之间关系有正向调节作用,但对制度环境与国际创业绩效之间关系有负向调节作用.     

资源拼凑影响制造企业组织敏捷性的机制研究：组织分权的调节作用

制造企业可否通过资源拼凑活动的开展来有效提升组织敏捷性在当前研究中存在争议。为弥补当前研究的不足之处,本研究基于“优势来源-位置优势”的理论框架和组织结构的权变视角来探究资源拼凑对制造企业运营敏捷性和市场敏捷性的差异化影响,并考虑组织分权的权变影响。通过对208家制造企业的问卷调查数据进行实证分析,本文发现：资源拼凑对运营敏捷性具有显著的促进作用,资源拼凑与市场敏捷性之间呈U型关系;高水平组织分权会增强资源拼凑与运营敏捷性之间的关系,也会增强资源拼凑与市场敏捷性之间的关系。上述研究发现明晰了资源拼凑将如何以及在何种情景下会提升制造企业的组织敏捷性,这将有效助力制造企业实现高质量发展。     

中国原油期货动态风险溢出研究

本文首次量化分析了我国原油期货与国际基准原油、上证指数以及人民币汇率之间的风险溢出关系。通过构建收益率和波动率的静态和动态网络,本文对我国原油期货与国内外市场之间的信息流向的强度、方向和动态性进行了初步的探索。研究发现,我国上市的原油期货与国际基准原油之间的信息关联密切,与股票市场以及汇率市场之间的关系相对较弱。同时,在构建的原油-股票-汇率系统中,我国原油期货处于信息的接收方,国际油价波动信息对我国原油期货市场存在明显的正向冲击作用。     

企业家认知资源与管理创新决策:理论与案例实验

本文旨在探讨企业家认知资源的异质性及其对管理创新决策的影响。运用案例实验法进行了实证检验,研究结果表明:企业家的经验和社会资本是企业家的异质性认知资源,引致了企业家和非企业家管理决策方案在创新性和适用性上的异质性;在没有社会资本的支持下,企业家经验与管理决策方案创新性之间呈倒U型关系,对方案的适用性有正向影响;而在社会资本可得的情况下,企业家经验与社会资本均对方案的创新性和适用性有显著的增强效应。     

中国国际化企业能力—战略匹配关系研究:管理者国际注意力的调节作用

在顾客需求多样、复杂动荡的国际市场,中国国际化企业面临的难题是如何凭借快速适应市场的能力构建其战略定位和优势。本研究以中国从事制造业的国际化企业为样本,构建以营销动态能力为企业竞争战略前置影响因素、管理者国际注意力为调节变量的理论模型,实证检验了三者之间的关系。结果显示:(1)营销动态能力的四个维度与企业竞争战略之间存在不同的匹配关系,企业在选择竞争战略时必须注重自身的动态能力基础;(2)管理者国际注意力对营销动态能力与竞争战略之间的关系有着调节作用,尤其对于选择差异化战略的企业来说,管理者国际注意力对能力—战略匹配关系的调节作用更加突出。     

Untangling the commonalities and differences between domestic cross-regional experience and international experience in shaping speed of internationalization

Prior studies have paid attention to the influence of domestic experience on internationalization, for which domestic experience primarily refers to the accumulation of internationalization knowledge from industrial peers or partners at home. We argue that the commonalities and differences between international experience and domestic cross-regional experience have not been fully incorporated in previous frameworks in the literature. Thus, in untangling the commonalities, we purposively differentiate domestic experience into two dimensions, i.e., repetition-based experience and diversity-based experience, to investigate the contingent role of making domestic cross-regional investments in shaping the relationship between international experience and the speed of internationalization. We expect that these two dimensions of domestic experience will moderate the relationship between international experience and the speed of internationalization in a different way. More specifically, repetition-based experience has a negative moderating effect while diversity-based experience has a positive moderating effect. Further, considering the differences between international investments and domestic investments, we expect that the joint impacts of international experience and domestic cross-regional experience on internationalization speed are contingent on whether firms have sufficient resources to support multiple learning or whether institutions between the home country and foreign country is similar enough for cross-context application. We expect that financial slack and institutional distance between prior foreign entries' country and the home country play significant three-way moderating roles in setting boundaries for the relationship between domestic experience and international experience. Based on the analysis of 302 Chinese publicly listed firms from 2001 to 2014, the dynamic panel data regression results support our hypotheses. Overall, our simultaneous consideration of commonalities and differences between domestic investments and international investments sheds light on how MNCs learn from both international and domestic investments to speed up their foreign expansions.     

中国对外投资动因、制度调节与地区差异

通过整合制度观和资源观,将两者放在统一的分析框架中,考察中国企业如何利用母国制度优势克服竞争性资源占有方面的劣势,从而实现国际化战略目标。与传统思路分别分析各种内部资源和企业外部制度因素对于企业国际化的作用不同,运用调节变量的研究方法,分析母国制度因素对于资源与国际化关系的调节作用,利用2003年至2009年中国省级对外投资面板数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明,政府资源配置能力对于不同类型的资源与对外投资的关系确实起重要的调节作用,但调节的方向和强度不同,并受地区差异的影响,表明制度因素对对外投资的影响是有条件的。通过发现制度的调节作用,为中国企业为何在缺乏企业特别所有权优势的情况下仍然能够进行对外直接投资提供一个全新角度的解释。     

中国企业横向整合管理模式研究及其理论模型

面对经济转型期的特殊制度因素和市场因素的制约,实施横向整合战略的中国企业在管理模式选择和设计方面做出了适宜的变通。针对此过程中所面临的特殊情境和管理实践,明确了企业横向整合管理模式的权变维度,从制度基础理论、市场基础理论和资源基础理论3个角度分析了企业横向整合管理模式选择的主要影响因素,梳理了其权变维度与权变情境变量之间的逻辑关系,构建了企业横向整合管理模式的研究模型。     

Business groups' outward FDI: A managerial resources perspective

Outward FDI strategies are driven by firms' resource endowments, which in turn are conditioned by their home environment. In emerging economies, thus, the pattern of outward FDI is shaped by local firms' idiosyncratic contexts and the resources that these firms developed to fit the contexts. This includes business groups, a dominant organizational form in many emerging economies, competing with context-bound resources. When they wish to transcend their home context, they need internationally valuable resources, especially managerial resources, which may be quite different than the resources that enable domestic growth. This paper thus explores what resources drive this international growth in the case of Taiwanese business groups. Starting from Penrosian Theory, we focus on managerial resources that are shared across the member firms of a group, and thus shape the profile of the group. We find that international work experience favors internationalization while international education does not. Moreover, domestic institutional resources distract from internationalization, presumably because they are not transferable into other institutional contexts, and thus favor other types of growth.     

International Experience in International Business Research: A Conceptualization and Exploration of Key Themes

International experience, the experience that firms accrue from operating internationally, is a key concept in explaining firm internationalization. This paper reviews the conceptualization of international experience in the international business literature. It highlights how prior research has identified three dimensions of the international experience construct (length, scope and diversity), thereby demonstrating that international experience should be treated as a multidimensional construct. In addition, intensity is presented as a fourth and novel dimension of international experience. The importance of this multidimensional conceptualization is highlighted in an explanation of why the international diversification and international experience constructs are not synonymous. In light of the importance of international experience in explaining firm internationalization, the authors explore how the source of the firm's international experience will determine the limits to its application in foreign markets. In particular, the authors distinguish between location‐bound international experience and non‐location‐bound international experience as sources of firm‐specific advantages (FSAs). The FSAs that the firm develops from its experience with equity and non‐equity entry modes are presented as examples of specific FSAs developed within the firm's bundle of FSAs concerning internationalization. The paper concludes with some implications of the conceptualization of international experience for several issues of international business research as well as providing managerial implications.     

中国基础研究国际合作的科学计量测度与评价

基于《科学引文索引》(SCI)数据系统创建了中国与 33个国家 (地区 )国际合作论文数据库及计算机检索统计系统 ,采用规范的国际合作计量测度指标 ,从六个方面 ,即国际合作论文的增长及学科分布、各学科领域科学产出的国际合作依存度比较、基础研究国际合作重要伙伴的国别分布、各学科领域国际合作重要伙伴的国别分布、中国与若干代表性国家 (地区 )合作研究的重点学科分布、参与国际合作研究的中国重要科研机构排序 ,首次对中国基础研究国际合作的现状进行了系统的科学计量测度与评价 ,并提出了若干政策建议 .研究成果已在国家基础研究国际合作“十五”计划和长远规划的制定工作中得到应用     

Internationalization of Emerging Economy SMEs: A Tripod Approach

Research suggests that internationalizing SMEs in the West enjoy far greater institutional support. There is, however, little understanding of the internationalization processes of emerging economies' SMEs (EESMEs) and yet they are notable contenders in international trade. Accordingly, this research draws from an integrated strategy tripod framework to develop new perspectives accounting for how Iranian-based EESMEs internationalize and compete in international markets. A comprehensive analysis of Iranian EESMEs' survey data revealed that, other than their owner's managerial perceptions of their industry, firm, and institutional constraints, international market knowledge (IMK) significantly moderated their internationalization strategies. Such understanding advances research on firm internationalization by pinpointing the central role of IMK in forming internationalization strategies by EESMEs in hard-to-reach contexts, which has implications for academic research and policy-making, leading to needed reform based on theory and practice.     

外资银行的进入对我国信贷市场贷款价格的影响

本文从中资银行和外资银行分别具有信息优势和融资成本优势的基本假设出发,建立了不对称信息下的银行信贷市场竞争模型,从贷款价格的角度来研究外资银行通过绿地投资和兼并收购两种方式进入对我国信贷市场的影响,且在并购方式中将并购对象按规模分为了本地大银行和小银行。结果表明,外资银行通过兼并收购本地大银行方式进入对贷款价格的降低效果不大,而通过兼并收购小银行方式进入能够全面降低本地银行的贷款价格,在处于竞争劣势地位的本地大银行的老客户市场通过绿地投资模式进入可以大幅度的降低贷款价格。     

Internationalization and Performance of Firms in China: Moderating Effects of Governance Structure and the Degree of Centralized Control

This study proposes necessary modifications to the existing internationalization–performance relationship to meet the idiosyncrasies of China-specific contexts. We first hypothesize an S-shaped internationalization–performance relationship as the baseline and then investigate the moderating effects of a firm's governance structure and the degree of centralized government control on the relationship between its internationalization and performance. The results, based on a longitudinal sample of manufacturing firms in China for the 2001–2007 period, indicate that (1) the S-shaped internationalization–performance relationship holds for firms in China; (2) the governance structure moderates the internationalization–performance relationship such that increased profitability through internationalization is more likely for modernized firms than for their conventional local counterparts; and (3) the degree of centralized control moderates the internationalization–performance relationship such that increased profitability through internationalization is more likely for firms affiliated with higher level governments than for those affiliated with lower-level governments.     

Digital Internationalization of Traditional Firms: Virtual Presence and Entrepreneurial Orientation

While digital technologies like the internet offer new and less cost-intensive ways to seize international opportunities, when it comes to traditional firms selling tangible products, little is known about their use of online channels for servicing foreign markets. This is especially the case for their choice between customized (active) or general (default) forms of corporate internationalization websites (viz. virtual presence modes). Building on the entrepreneurial orientation literature, we propose that firms that are more entrepreneurially orientated are more likely to capture internationalization opportunities with active internationalization websites. We further suggest that the threat of competitive pre-emption will moderate this relationship. Using a sample of Austrian SME exporters, we find support for the positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the use of active internationalization websites, but do not find a significant moderating effect of competitive pre-emption. In this way, we add to the growing research on digital internationalization by explaining the circumstances in which traditional firms choose between different internationalization website formats.