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1.
Unions in the electric utility industry consistently won a greater percentage of elections between 1970 and 1989 than did
unions in other industries. Several factors significantly affected union victory rates at electric utilities: when the election
was held, the union involved, the size of the utility, the percent of the state’s labor force unionized, the number of eligible
voters, whether the election involved multiple-unions, and whether the election was Regional- or Board-directed. 相似文献
2.
David Meyer 《Journal of Labor Research》1994,15(1):33-51
This study develops and tests three long-standing propositions about the relationship between grievance-handling behavior
and political outcomes in a local union: (1) more favorable grievance handling enhances the steward’s likelihood of re-election;
(2) the more the political support obtained in an election, the greater the steward’s ability to affect grievance outcomes
favorably; and (3) as the relationship between management and the union evolves, grievance handling becomes more efficient
and effective. Data on grievances and election results of Ford-UAW Local 400 from the 1950s were used to test hypotheses derived
from these propositions; most received substantial, significant support. 相似文献
3.
Vicki Barnett 《Journal of Labor Research》2003,24(1):55-72
Conclusion Exhausted by almost eight months of striking, the CEP members urged their union officers to take a radical proposal to the
Herald: forget the seniority clause, which the company had maintained was the main stumbling block. Many union members believed
that the Herald and Conrad Black didn’t care about seniority and had picked it as an issue in full confidence that it was
the one item no union would drop. But since nothing else was working, despite evidence the Herald was suffering severe circulation
and corporate-image losses, it was time to call the employer’s bluff. The company seemed to be taken by surprice at the CEP’s
abandoning of the cherished principle when union and compeny representatives met in front of an official of the Alberta government.
But within a few days, Gaynor was saying publicly there were other issues in the way, not just seniority. Despite the innovative
use of electronic communications during the strike, there was no hope of obtaining a settlement if the Herald wasn’t forced to negotiate with the union. The provincial government, however, failed to enforce provisions of its weak labor
laws that required “bargaining in good faith.” 相似文献
4.
Conventional wisdom suggests that union members and their families are more politically active, and more likely to vote, than
nonmembers. This study presents, to our knowledge, the first systematic empirical examination of that conventional wisdom.
Results suggest that union members are more likely than nonmembers to vote in a general election, and that union campaign
efforts increase voter turnout generally. There is no evidence, however, that union family members are more likely to vote
than nonmembers, or that union status affects an individual’s likelihood of voting in a primary election.
The authors wish to thank Robert Perloff, Donna Sockell, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on an earlier draft
of this paper. This study was partially supported by a Columbia University Graduate School of Business Faculty Research Fellowship
and a Faculty Research Grant from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Business. 相似文献
5.
This article develops and empirically tests a model of the dual decision-making process employees undergo to guide their behavior
during organizing campaigns and elections. The model combines principles of risk-aversion theory with more traditional views
that election decisions stem from cost-benefit analyses of union representation. Previous research lacks this integrated approach
to the study of election behavior. Regression analyses on a sample of approximately 16,000 certification elections strongly
supported the use of risk-aversion theory to predict employees’ willingness to formally participate in elections. Furthermore,
we found that time exhibited a statistically significant, negative relationship with voting participation rates, the percentage
of union votes, and union victories. The results also indicated that a saturation effect may exist for delays in the election
process.
Financial support for this research was provided by the Syracuse University Research Fund. The authors wish to thank two anonymous
reviewers for helpful suggestions that significantly improved the paper. 相似文献
6.
We used multivariate analysis to investigate the change in the attitudes and expectations of AAUP members in a Midwestern
university. Two models were developed to measure faculty attitudes toward the union, at the time of the election and four
years after the election. The effect of experience on faculty attitudes toward the union is captured by comparing the results
of the two models. Our findings suggest major differences in faculty attitudes and expectations prior to and after the union’s
arrival. The results of our study have essential policy implications for unions in formulating successful strategies and for
faculty in developing realistic expectations of collective bargaining. 相似文献
7.
The effect of union decertification elections on the valuation of corporations is examined using a standard event study methodology.
Cumulative abnormal daily common stock returns for 203 NYSE and AMEX listed firms are estimated for the day on which a petition
for a decertification election is filed and for the day on which the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) certifies the decertification
election outcome. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that successful union decertifications increase firm valuation
and unsuccessful ones reduce firm valuation. The primary carrier of valuation information is the date the NLRB confirms the
decertification election results. The petition file date yields little, if any, information about the firm’s capitalization.
The authors thank the directors of the regional NLRB offices and the editor of this journal for their assistance. The usual
caveats concerning errors and omissions apply. Correspondence should be directed to William L. Huth. 相似文献
8.
Union political activity has always been controversial, even among union members. Research has shown that a sizable minority
of union members question the propriety of union political involvement and disagree with union leaders on public policy issues.
It has also shown, however, that union members’ commitment to the union may be positively associated with members’ political
support. This study extends this research by statistically estimating the relationship between union commitment and members’
support for their national union’s political involvement. Based on the questionnaire responses of several hundred local union
members, the findings support a positive relationship between union commitment and political support.
The authors wish to thank John Delaney and Cynthia Fisher and an anonymous referee for their comments on an earlier draft
of the paper. They also wish to thank the numerous union participants in the study. 相似文献
9.
Bernard F. Lentz 《Journal of Labor Research》1980,1(2):377-407
This article attempts to bring about a synthesis of the theory of human capital and the disparate and largely empirical literature
on the impact of unions on an individual worker’s terms and conditions of employment. This is done by modeling the decision
of a worker to join a unionized firm or vote for a union in an NLRB election. From this model both the theoretically correct
valuation and some empirical estimates of the value of the major wage and nonwage (seniority, discipline and discharge, strikes,
dues) impacts of unions are presented. Extensions to risk averse workers, free rider problems, union elections and contract
ratification votes are also briefly considered. 相似文献
10.
11.
J. Lawrence French 《Journal of Labor Research》1992,13(2):157-172
Secondary data are used to examine the relationship between the power of international union presidents and their pay. The
analysis supported the hypotheses that (1) power and pay were positively related and (2) the relationship is more pronounced
in unions that are larger and are less effective in bargaining as well as during periods characterized by conflict over the
president’s role. While highlighting the political dimensions of union organizations, the data also support previous studies
that found international union officers’ salaries to have a “rational” basis in the union’s bargaining effectiveness.
I am indebted to Gabriella Belli for help with a number of statistical issues. 相似文献
12.
This study represents an extension of the human capital paradigm as it relates to an individual’s decision to migrate. It
differs from previous studies by incorporating union membership, a labor market variable, into the model. In effect, the National
Labor Relations Act of 1935 granted a monopoly bargaining position to unions. The theoretical implication of a union’s monopoly
bargaining position is that union wage levels will increase relative to nonunion wages. The increase of relative wages results
in union membership granting a property right that possesses positive net present value and hence reduces an employed union
member’s probability of migrating. Additionally, the supra-competitive remuneration of union members results in a surplus
of labor supplied to union firms. Employers respond by using quality screening to hire workers from the larger labor pool.
As a result, unemployed union members will on average possess higher levels of human capital, which will increase their probability
of migrating above that of their unemployed nonunion cohorts. 相似文献
13.
This study examines two of the four determinants of mediation effectiveness identified in Kochan and Jick’s (1978) model of
the public sector mediation process: source of impact and situational factors. Questionnaire data were directly obtained from
240 Bangladesh management and union officials. Discriminant analysis identified several sources of impasse for both union
and management groups, but no situational factors were found to accurately predict case settlement. Results are discussed
in terms of U.S. public sector mediation research. 相似文献
14.
There have been relatively few studies on why workers choose to decertify a union as their bargaining unit and virtually no
empirical studies on the outcomes of employer-initiated representation elections. Using data from the NLRB monthly election
reports (1977–1981), we attempt to analyze the factors that seem to influence the outcomes of employer-initiated representation
elections with an incumbent union. Variables in our analysis include size of the election unit, region, industrial classification,
type of incumbent union, and the state of the local economy. While the data show a concentration of elections on the West
Coast, there is no significant difference in the ability of unions there to “win” decertification elections. 相似文献
15.
In the 2000 elections, organized labor mounted a“massive“ political effort. The AFL-CIO spearheaded a program that emphasized
both grassroots and“checkbook” politics. Labor 2000, however, represented much more than an attempt to influence elections.
Political action, dedicated to a“Working Families Agenda“ became a strategy of choice to elect candidates, influence lawmakers,
mobilize union members, and recruit workers into the labor movement. In this paper, I examine Labor 2000 from a strategic-choice
perspective. Specifically, I look at the scope and variety of labor's political effort; how labor allocated its political
resources; the degree of competition it faced; and the election outcomes. In addition, I examine the effort in terms of its
potential for transforming unions. Data from a variety of sources, some of which have not been previously used, are examined
to put Labor 2000 into perspective as a strategy. The results indicate that labor did have some success in mobilizing union
members politically. However, labor's impact proved insufficient to achieve immediate national election goals. Questions remain
about the wisdom of political action as a strategy of choice, especially in terms of its viability as an instrument for institutional
revival. 相似文献
16.
Recent changes in the National Labor Relations Act have increased the possibility that union coverage will expand among private
non-profit hospitals. This study examines the success of union organizing efforts in the industry during the 1974–1978 period.
The analysis focuses on the influence of environmental and organizational variables as well as the nature of the election
process itself. The results suggest that hospital union success is largely dependent uponprior union success in the hospital (+), voter turnout (−) and unit size (−). The annual rate of election victories is predicted
to fall to nearly 25 % by 1983 from an average of 50% in the 1974–1978 period. 相似文献
17.
This paper examines how police and firefighter unions’ political activities influence departmental expenditures. Unlike prior
research, we measure unions’ political activity independently of union bargaining power. Results indicate that a protective
service union’s electoral activities positively affect departmental expenditures, and these effects are attributable to union
political power rather than multilateral collective bargaining power.
The authors thank Steve Blumenfeld, Wally Hendricks, Asghar Zardkoohi, and an anonymous referee for their excellent comments
and suggestions. 相似文献
18.
Eivind Stensholt 《Social Choice and Welfare》2010,35(2):291-317
The strategy most damaging to many preferential election methods is to give insincerely low rank to the main opponent of one’s
favourite candidate. Theorem 1 determines the 3-candidate Condorcet method that minimizes the number of noncyclic profiles
allowing the strategic use of a given cyclic profile. Theorems 2, 3 and 4 establish conditions for an anonymous and neutral
3-candidate single-seat election to be monotonic and still avoid this strategy completely. Plurality elections combine these
properties; among the others ‘conditional IRV’ gives the strongest challenge to the plurality winner. Conditional IRV is extended
to any number of candidates. Theorem 5 is an impossibility of Gibbard–Satterthwaite type, describing three specific strategies
that cannot all be avoided in meaningful anonymous and neutral election methods. 相似文献
19.
Eileen P. Kelly Gwen Seaquist Amy Oakes Lawrence S. Clark 《Journal of Labor Research》1994,15(2):155-167
Union attempts to organize nonemployee places of business have traditionally placed employers and union members at odds. In
1992, the United States Supreme Court ended a longstanding rule that the rights of these parties should be balanced in order
to determine whether the union’s right to access or the employer’s property right predominated. As it now stands, the rule
is that nonemployee union members have no right of access to an employer’s private property unless extreme special circumstances
exist, such as isolated work locations where employees have no access to union information. The Supreme Court’s ruling is
one that significantly curtails union solicitation. This paper discusses the development of this rule. 相似文献
20.
Outsourcing and union power 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles R. Perry 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(4):521-534
The outsourcing of union work and jobs either diffuses or diminishes union membership, depending on perspective and situation.
The correlation of trends in union membership to trends in union power, while less than perfect, has until recently been relatively
strong over the past sixteen years. The fact that as diverse a sample of unions as AFSCME, SEIU, and UAW have chosen to make
outsourcing a prominent labor/public relations issue suggests that the correlation continues to be perceived by the union
movement to be significant, notwithstanding the efforts of the “new” leadership of the AFL-CIO to break that link with respect
to union political power by “taxing” member unions and their members to contribute both money and militancy to the 1996 election
cycle.
Although outsourcing may lead only to the diffusion of union membership either within or between unions, as opposed to the
diminution of union membership, this fact has not received a great deal of attention. The net effect on total union membership
of outsourcing from one union employer to another union employer is unclear, although the effect on the membership of the
union at the outsourcing employer is not. The redistribution of membership within a union as a result of outsourcing is likely
to have little immediate impact on union power. However, as even the best case scenario presented above suggests, it may have
significant long-run deleterious effects on union bargaining power by taking labor out of a sheltered market and putting it
into potentially competitive market. This is particularly likely to be the case when outsourcing (1) places the outsourced
work into a different industry or wage contour and (2) creates the possibility of moving from sole-source to multiplesource
supplier arrangements.
The redistribution of membership between unions as a result of outsourcing is unlikely to have a major impact on union power
broadly defined. It can have, however, serious deleterious effects in terms of the power of an individual union, as suggested
in my “competitive case” scenario. The fact that one union’s losses due to outsourcing may be another union’s gain is of little
consolation to the losing union. That act, in and of itself, may make the threat of outsourcing a potential union “Achilles
heel” at the bargaining table by placing it into competition with some other, perhaps unknown, union as well as possibly nonunion
competition.
The most obvious threat to union power comes from outsourcing that diminishes union membership overall by transferring jobs
from union to nonunion employers. The willingness and ability of employers to move work/jobs entirely out of the orbit of
union control constitutes, in terms of power and particularly union bargaining power, a revisitation of the phenomenon of
the “runaway shop.” It may also be viewed as a proactive form of hiring permanent replacements for (potentially) striking
workers. The union options in dealing with such a challenge are to endeavor to preclude outsourcing through legislation or
collective bargaining or to chase the work by organizing the unorganized, hopefully with the help of the unionized outsourcing
employer. Neither option may be easy, but as the 1996 auto industry negotiations suggest, the former may be less difficult
than the latter. The possibility that outsourcing from union to nonunion employer may provide unions with the power to organize
from the top (outsourcer) down (outsourcee) cannot be entirely ignored as the issue of supplier “neutrality” reportedly was
raised in the 1996 auto negotiations.
The adverse effects of outsourcing on union political and financial power, by virtue of its impact on the level or distribution
of union membership, can and may well be offset by an increase in union activism—as measured by dues levels, merger activity,
organizing commitment, and political action. The adverse effects of outsourcing on union bargaining power are more problematical
from the union standpoint. The effect of outsourcing, whatever its rationale or scenario, appears to be to put union labor
back into competition. Thus, outsourcing constitutes yet another challenge to the labor movement in its ongoing and seemingly
increasingly unsuccessful battle to take and keep U.S. union labor out of competition by proving itself able and willing to
organize to the extent of the market and standardizing wages in that market. 相似文献