Ethnic Attitudes Among Minority and Majority Children: The Role of Ethnic Identification, Peer Group Victimization and Parents

This study examines the relative importance of key variables proposed by intergroup and social learning theories for understanding ethnic attitudes. The focus is on how ethnic identification, perceived parental attitudes and victimization by peers are related to ethnic attitudes. The sample includes Dutch (N = 295) and Turkish (N = 158) children (10–12 years of age) in the Netherlands. For both ethnic groups, stronger ethnic identification is related to more positive in‐group evaluation, and a higher degree of victimization relates to more negative out‐group evaluation. Furthermore, parental attitudes are related to out‐group evaluation. Higher perceived in‐group favoritism among parents was related to a less positive evaluation of the out‐group. In addition, Turkish parental attitudes turn out to be related to ethnic identification and in‐group evaluation. Further analyses suggest that the effect of perceived parental attitudes on children's group evaluations is not only due to projection. It is concluded that the study of ethnic attitudes among children should focus on group identification as well as on the social influences of parents and peers. Furthermore, it is important to distinguish between in‐group and out‐group aspects of ethnic attitudes and to include both majority and minority children.     

北京市“大学生村官”在农村基层组织中的作用

"大学生村官"是北京市建设社会主义新农村的一项举措,在农村基层组织中发挥了积极的作用,引起了巨大的社会反响。本课题组采用分层抽样的方法,深入调研了北京市"大学生村官"的现状,系统、全面地总结了"大学生村官"制度的先进经验,并针对目前存在的问题,提出了相应的对策与建议。     

The Impact of Affirmative Action: Black Employment in Six Southern Cities

Objectives. There have been numerous claims about the current role and impact of affirmative action, one of the most controversial public policies. The purpose of this research is to examine data on affirmative action and black employment in six representative Florida cities. Methods. Data were gathered on 167 randomly selected businesses through personal interviews with employers. OLS regression analysis was performed to explore the independent effects of affirmative action in a multivariate path model of employment–related predictors. Results. Employer support for affirmative action has a significant and positive influence on black employment, particularly at higher job levels. Conclusions. Affirmative action has developed a constituency among employers who value diversity in employment due to demographic changes that have altered labor and consumer markets.     

合规行为的效力:一个超越实证法的分析

在现代风险社会中,合规行为也存有风险.如何处理因为合规行为而产生的损害,就成为法学界所要考虑的重要课题.在现有的法秩序中,对于合规行为的法律责任并不存在一个统一的规定,但是学界倾向于合规并不能够作为民事责任的抗辩理由.为什么会出现这样的结果?传统的公私法分立影响、对公共风险的偏见和侵权责任中的权力和利益格局可能是导致此局面形成的重要原因.     

福利企业在残疾人就业中的作用分析

残疾人是一个需要社会各界帮助的弱势群体,残疾人就业是一个非常值得关注的问题,但在我国整体就业形势不乐观的时代背景下,对残疾人就业的关注甚少。福利企业对残疾人就业具有重要作用,本文研究了我国残疾人就业的现状与问题,并探讨了福利企业对残疾人就业的特殊意义。     

The Role and Design of Income-Related Housing Allowances

Income‐related housing allowance schemes have become a long‐term feature of social policy in the advanced welfare states. They are not without disadvantages, however, and a number of countries have recently introduced significant reforms of their systems. The aim of this paper is to examine some key features of, and recent developments in, housing allowance programmes in seven countries. It addresses five main questions: why have income‐related housing allowances become so important, what role do they play, what are the essential features of such schemes, how do they tackle concerns about moral hazard, and what are the pressures facing them?     

北京市少数民族类社会组织研究

少数民族类社会组织作为一支特殊的社会公益力量,在推动民族工作的开展、维系民族关系、促进和谐北京的构建进程中发挥着重要作用。目前,此类组织的发展还不完善,需要对其进行规范化管理,更好地发挥此类组织服务社会的功能。     

北京市就业服务组织的历史、现状与未来

本文回顾了北京市就业服务组织在我国改革开放以来的发展历史,分析了北京市就业服务组织的当前状况,并从职能定位和发展模式两个角度展望了北京市就业服务组织的未来发展。     

海南少数民族地区流动妇女的就业与福利研究

本文主要从海南少数民族地区流动妇女的就业现状来看现有的福利制度所存在的缺陷。首先从流动妇女目前的就业渠道单一、工作待遇差和工作条件恶劣等现状来看流动妇女的就业真正是谁的就业;其次,流动妇女的就业需求无法真正得以表达与实现,同时流动妇女就业所能获得的福利保障低甚至空缺,说明流动妇女的就业与福利之间的关系在于体现现有的福利体制所存在的缺陷由此可能出现的矛盾关系。最后,从流动妇女的就业与福利的边缘性,对现有的福利体制如何改革与完善作进一步的探索。     

Advocacy for Black and Minority Ethnic Communities: Understandings and Expectations

Recent policy has promoted ‘advocacy’ as a meansof promoting social justice for many disadvantaged groups. Yet‘advocacy’ is a contested concept, and the understandingsthat members of disadvantaged groups themselves have of advocacyhave rarely been explored. Previous research indicates thatunderstandings may vary considerably. Using empirical evidencefrom research conducted in Glasgow, Scotland, this paper examinesthe understandings and expectations of ‘advocacy’held by black and minority ethnic (BME) service providers andpotential service users. The BME service providers believedthat they were offering advocacy, and did so in the contextof a marginalized position for their services. The BME communitymembers supported the development of advocacy services, buttheir own marginalization was in many ways reinforced by servicesthey were already using. They had clear ideas about appropriateadvocacy services for their situation. These ideas were groundedin their current situation, and did not necessarily conformto dominant ideas about advocacy. In conclusion, the prospectsfor successful advocacy are assessed.     

The Role of Housing Managers in the Implementation of Community Care

This article will outline the response of housing management to the implementation of community care policy in the North East. It will locate housing's role within the broader development of community care policy, and briefly review the reasons for housing's relatively late arrival as a key partner, alongside social services and health, in the planning and delivery of services. Using information gathered from interviews with housing professionals, part-time housing students, voluntary organizations, and workers within health and social services, it outlines and evaluates five main factors which appear to be affecting the successful integration of housing management into the process of planning and delivering community care services in the North East.     

The Role of Lay Perceptions of Ethnic Prejudice in the Maintenance and Perpetuation of Ethnic Bias

This article discusses the role of lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice in the maintenance and perpetuation of prejudicial attitudes. We first discuss the importance of lay beliefs about ethnic prejudice for understanding processes underlying prejudice and its reduction. We also discuss the potential relations between two individual differences—social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism—and these beliefs. Next, we describe the research that we have conducted on lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice, including perceptions of causes of prejudice, solutions to prejudice, and the inevitability and justifiability of prejudice. This research demonstrates that individuals who are high in social dominance orientation and, to a lesser extent, right-wing authoritarianism, hold beliefs which may serve to maintain and perpetuate prejudicial attitudes. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for developing effective intervention strategies.     

经团联在政府决策中的作用——以日本自由贸易协定政策出台为例

作为日本最有代表性的压力团体,日本经团联在战后很长时间内通过向自民党提供"政治献金",对日本政治产生了重要的影响.本文试图以日本自由贸易协定政策出台为例,探讨自1994年开始停止向自民党提供"政治献金"后,经团联在日本的对外贸易政策转变过程中的作用,并试图从压力团体的角度来考察这一过程.     

Digital Storytelling: A Narrative Method for Positive Identity Development in Minority Youth

This article explores the use of digital storytelling as a group narrative method for positive identity development in the case of African American youth residing in economically disadvantaged, urban areas. Factors such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and/or violence exposure may heighten normal youth challenges and affect identity development. Narrative tools that help minority adolescents produce agentic, coherent, affective, and adaptive self-concepts contribute to a proactive identity system and, therefore, an enhanced capacity for them to intervene in their own lives. The purpose of the afterschool digital storytelling group was for youth to gain opportunities in media production and in personal story construction. As a result, youth gained a valuable narrative medium for constructing their stories, and thus their identities, into ones of possibility, promise, and potential. Implications for helping professionals include how to use digital storytelling with youth to gain insight and understanding into a personally difficult life event.     

The Critical Role of Social Action in Empowerment Oriented Groups

This paper discusses the contribution of social action to empowerment oriented groups. It defines an empowerment oriented practice model and the role of group work practice in such a model is reviewed. The key role social action plays in empowerment oriented groups is discussed and illustrated.     

美国少数族群传媒关于族群和国家认同的研究

美国学者对少数族群传媒的研究表明，少数族群传媒具有促进族群与国家双重认同的特点，对族群文化的认同不等同于对移民来源国的政治认同。当然美国学者有关研究也存在不足，只有公平、公正、包容地对待少数族群传媒，才能减少传媒与政府的矛盾，才能促进少数族群融入主流社会，增强对国家的认同。