论中国企业跨国经营

20世纪90年代以来,随着经济全球化的深入发展和知识经济的兴起,企业的经营也趋向国际化,跨国公司进入了一个新的快速发展期。本文着力研究中国企业在跨国经营时遇到的问题以及通过一些案例分析,为我国企业的跨国经营、决策、管理提出参考方案。     

大力推进我国企业的跨国经营

<正> 跨国公司是世界经济国际化大趋势的必然产物,也是推动世界经济国际化的主体。作为一种企业组织形式,它是为适应高度社会、国际化、现代化的大规模生产方式,也是在国际范围内有效配置资源的一种高级运作方式。     

我国企业跨国经营营销策略研究

在经济全球化的发展背景下,跨国经营是现代企业的发展方向,如何在国外开拓市场,开展营销活动是企业发展中遇到的主要问题。本文探讨我国企业跨国经营的现状及存在的问题,提出促进我国企业跨国经营发展的对策。     

跨国零售企业在中国的经营战略研究

本文作者对于跨国零售企业在青岛的经营网点进行了走访和实地调查。取得了一些定性资料。通过对这些资料的分析与比较,得出下面几点主要结论:第一,影响跨国零售企业进入中国某一区域市场的主要因素有公司发展的战略布局、当地的投资环境和地方政府的推动与支持。第二,跨国零售企业采用的零售模式有很多变化,尽管一些表面上看似相同的零售模式,其实在经营与管理上也有很大差异。第三,跨国零售企业在经营战略上各有自己的特点,其中市场定位最重要——市场定位不清或缺乏可行性,会使业务单位的经营陷入混乱。从而影响其市场表现。     

跨国公司在华本土化战略对我国企业海外经营之启示

跨国公司进入中国制定并采取了本土化战略,取得了卓越的成效,这对我国企业海外经营有着积极的借鉴意义.本文研究了跨国公司本土化战略的具体内容,并提出我国企业走出去实施本土化战略的建议.     

资源、成长性与中国跨国公司海外非市场战略

以中国跨国公司的海外非市场战略为研究对象,研究企业规模、技术资源和企业成长性与企业缓冲战略和搭桥战略之间的关系,重点考察企业成长性对企业非市场战略的作用.研究结果发现,企业规模和技术资源对中国跨国公司海外非市场战略具有显著影响,中国企业更倾向采用搭桥战略,而企业成长性与中国跨国公司海外非市场战略的相关性不显著.这表明以资源为基础的战略观点依然是中国跨国公司海外非市场战略的重要理论基础,企业成长性在海外非市场战略的作用还未得到中国跨国公司的充分重视,有必要使其成为在与东道国政府议价时的重要筹码.     

Acquisitions of Chinese State‐Owned Enterprises by Multinational Corporations: Driving Forces,Barriers and Implications for HRM

This article explores the driving forces for, barriers to, and trends and patterns of acquisition of Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) by foreign investment and its implications for HRM and the experience of work for the workers. It questions the level of objectives alignment between the Chinese side and the FDI during the acquisition of Chinese SOEs. Issues related to the Chinese managerial skills and behaviour in acquisition negotiation are discussed as well as the policy making, administrative and practical role of the local government. The article argues that FDI's acquisition of Chinese firms creates unique management issues which require further research, particularly in the area of HRM, in order to establish the likely similarities and differences between acquisitions in other countries and those taking place in China and the implications of this for the globalizing businesses.     

论全球营销战略及整合的全球营销战略模型IGMS--兼评其对我国企业发展跨国经营战略的启示

全球营销作为21世纪指导跨国公司在全球市场扩张的全新营销理论和战略构架,得到了管理理论界和企业界的普遍关注.随着WTO各项准入规则在中国的实施,中国市场将在更大的范围内和更深的程度上与国际市场并轨,中国企业融入国际市场、参与全球化竞争已经迫在眉睫.本文主要研究全球营销战略的主要观点、基本模式、整合的全球营销战略--IGMS模型及全球营销及其整合战略的结论及其对中国企业发展国际化战略的启示.     

市场导向的企业运作模式

从市场对于企业的约束力量,即市场机制的作用出发,提出了造就市场的企业运作模式,即以市场导向的策略规划程序和市场营销程序为主线,以企业的基本功能为支撑,围绕市场这个中心环节,衽全方位一体化的操作过程。     

Japanese Multinational Enterprises in China: Successful Adaptation of Marketing Strategies

Japanese international marketing has evolved. While some aspects of success (organisational abilities, long-term orientation, aggressive growth strategies, ownership, R&D) have been diffused from developed to emerging markets, others have been extended (identification of customer needs and wants, information-processing capabilities). Segmentation and positioning are fine-tuned and are significantly different from Japanese strategies in developed markets. The relatively short time-frame of foreign firms' market presence in China enables Japanese brands to address upmarket consumer clusters in parallel with Western brands. The case study approach underlines the necessity of testing received knowledge with the new realities of the international business environment. At the same time it sends out a clear warning not to over-generalise. Japanese MNEs adapt to the Chinese market in multifarious ways. It would be a mistake to characterise a ‘Japanese’ strategy for the Chinese market, as no single approach predominates. Even within our sample of three case studies, strategies vary between the three firms and within each firm they vary over time. In all three cases, the Japanese MNEs are very conscious of consumer needs in China and the dynamics of these needs. It is a fallacy to believe that because China is a poor nation then strategies have to be aimed at low-cost products. The luxury segment is large, growing, lucrative and identifiable. Each of our three firms pays great attention to the appearance, growth and sustainability of this sector and targets it precisely. Because of rapid changes in Chinese demand patterns and consumer behaviour, it is essential for firms to keep in touch with its development. However, Japanese investors in China are not just responsive to demand patterns – they are prepared to lead them. This involves taking risks with standard business formats and with cherished home country practices. This, Japanese firms are prepared to do in China. Thus, Japanese firms balance stability (safe consumer sectors) with innovation (new products). A similar balance can be seen between adaptation to Chinese conditions and the use of standardised products, formats and approaches. The first strategy attracts revenue, the second reduces costs and therefore risks. A flexibility of approach is evident from Japanese MNEs in China – witness the extent to which they are willing to modify strategies over time as conditions change. Overall, we conclude that Japanese MNEs are not ‘Western’ or ‘Japanese’ in their approach to the Chinese market, but are flexible, realistic and pragmatic.

It is a fallacy to believe that because China is a poor nation then strategies have to be aimed at low-cost products     

17.

推进高科技企业自主创新的“研中学”模型     

汪安佑  郭琳 《管理学报》2009,6(5):658-663

通过对"干中学"模型与"研中学"模型的学习效应和经济效应的比较,说明"干中学"模型的学习效应是有限的,"研中学"模型能推进高科技企业自主创新,因而产生的经济效应和社会效应都大于"干中学"模型;进而根据演化经济学的分析框架,建立了"研中学"促进高科技企业自主创新的演化模型,从而揭示了"研中学"模型在促进高科技企业自主创新中的核心作用;最后依据该演化模型为高科技企业推进"研中学"模型提供了策略.     

18.

The Role of Local Context in the Cross‐border Acquisitions by Emerging Economy Multinational Enterprises          下载免费PDF全文

Peter J. Buckley  Surender Munjal 《英国管理杂志》2017,28(3):372-389

This paper explores the role of local context in cross‐border acquisitions by emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs). It argues that the importance of local context has remained despite the increased global integration of the world economy. Hypotheses are tested using data on Indian acquisitions hosted in 70 countries over an eight‐year period. Results, which are consistent across number and value of cross‐border acquisitions, show that the local context in host countries offers contrasting benefits. Emerging economy multinational enterprises exploited these benefits by embedding in host countries through acquisitions. The acquisition strategy is conventional in the motives underpinning internationalization, but novel in its geographical clustering of host countries, and idiosyncratic owing to the EMNE's ability to draw on home country embeddedness. The paper develops theoretical implications and extends the concept of embeddedness, treating it as a series of internalization or quasi‐internalization decisions across a variety of local contexts by multinationals.     

19.

Multinational Enterprises: Leveraging a Corporate International Entrepreneurship Lens for New Insights Into Subsidiary Initiatives     

Mujtaba Ahsan  Stephanie A. Fernhaber 《Journal of International Management》2019,25(1):51-65

Corporate entrepreneurship has long been acknowledged as critical to multinational enterprises (MNEs), with dispersed entrepreneurial efforts involving subsidiary initiatives becoming increasingly relied upon. Yet despite the global context in which MNEs operate, the conversation has not fully embraced the extent to which many of its entrepreneurial activities overlap with internationalization. In this paper, we identify a set of opportunity phenotypes for subsidiary initiatives based on their market focus as well as the knowledge and capabilities leveraged to identify and exploit the opportunity. The recursive relationship between opportunities and dynamic capabilities is then discussed, with an emphasis on building a research agenda for corporate international entrepreneurship.     

20.

建立“世界级企业”：优势、路径与战略选择   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

蓝海林 《管理学报》2008,5(1):9-13

针对中国企业提高国际竞争力的问题,运用"世界级企业"的概念和企业国际化战略的相关理论,分析中国企业建立国际竞争优势的战略实践,提出中国发展世界级企业的必要性,阐述了中国企业成为"世界级企业"所具有的国家特有优势和需要建立的企业特有优势,指出了成为"世界级企业"的路径与战略选择。"世界级企业"概念的提出及其对相关问题的阐述,不仅为中国企业构建国际竞争优势提供思路和借鉴,而且也是对中国特色的国际化战略理论的深化和发展。     

推进高科技企业自主创新的“研中学”模型

通过对"干中学"模型与"研中学"模型的学习效应和经济效应的比较,说明"干中学"模型的学习效应是有限的,"研中学"模型能推进高科技企业自主创新,因而产生的经济效应和社会效应都大于"干中学"模型;进而根据演化经济学的分析框架,建立了"研中学"促进高科技企业自主创新的演化模型,从而揭示了"研中学"模型在促进高科技企业自主创新中的核心作用;最后依据该演化模型为高科技企业推进"研中学"模型提供了策略.     

The Role of Local Context in the Cross‐border Acquisitions by Emerging Economy Multinational Enterprises

This paper explores the role of local context in cross‐border acquisitions by emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs). It argues that the importance of local context has remained despite the increased global integration of the world economy. Hypotheses are tested using data on Indian acquisitions hosted in 70 countries over an eight‐year period. Results, which are consistent across number and value of cross‐border acquisitions, show that the local context in host countries offers contrasting benefits. Emerging economy multinational enterprises exploited these benefits by embedding in host countries through acquisitions. The acquisition strategy is conventional in the motives underpinning internationalization, but novel in its geographical clustering of host countries, and idiosyncratic owing to the EMNE's ability to draw on home country embeddedness. The paper develops theoretical implications and extends the concept of embeddedness, treating it as a series of internalization or quasi‐internalization decisions across a variety of local contexts by multinationals.     

Multinational Enterprises: Leveraging a Corporate International Entrepreneurship Lens for New Insights Into Subsidiary Initiatives

Corporate entrepreneurship has long been acknowledged as critical to multinational enterprises (MNEs), with dispersed entrepreneurial efforts involving subsidiary initiatives becoming increasingly relied upon. Yet despite the global context in which MNEs operate, the conversation has not fully embraced the extent to which many of its entrepreneurial activities overlap with internationalization. In this paper, we identify a set of opportunity phenotypes for subsidiary initiatives based on their market focus as well as the knowledge and capabilities leveraged to identify and exploit the opportunity. The recursive relationship between opportunities and dynamic capabilities is then discussed, with an emphasis on building a research agenda for corporate international entrepreneurship.     

建立“世界级企业”：优势、路径与战略选择

针对中国企业提高国际竞争力的问题,运用"世界级企业"的概念和企业国际化战略的相关理论,分析中国企业建立国际竞争优势的战略实践,提出中国发展世界级企业的必要性,阐述了中国企业成为"世界级企业"所具有的国家特有优势和需要建立的企业特有优势,指出了成为"世界级企业"的路径与战略选择。"世界级企业"概念的提出及其对相关问题的阐述,不仅为中国企业构建国际竞争优势提供思路和借鉴,而且也是对中国特色的国际化战略理论的深化和发展。