云南思茅元代《整控江摩崖》考述

云南元代《整控江摩崖》至今犹存否?具体内容是什么?长期以来,一直没有弄清楚。过去,虽有史料略载和历史学家们的考证,但因未亲自核实考察过摩崖石刻,不详其真实,只按旧史料研究,故未有肯定的结论。     

敦煌文献“右行”考述——兼与杨森先生商榷

中国古代文献的书写格式以左行书写为主流,但在不同的时期和历史条件下也产生了一些右行书写的特例。敦煌文献中右行书写格式集中出现在吐蕃和归义军统治时期,它是在敦煌民族融合的多元文化背景下,主要受到藏文书写顺序的影响而产生的,部分也受到了追求平衡对称的审美心理的影响。     

庙祭和墓祀:吐谷浑祖先崇拜初探——敦煌藏文文献《吐谷浑大事纪年》新探之三

祖先崇拜不仅在中国历史上是各族人民现实生活中的一种强烈信仰,而且至今仍是影响广泛的一种社会信仰。囿于史料的原因,鲜有学者关注到深受汉文化影响的吐谷浑是否存在祖先崇拜这一问题。文章从体现祖先崇拜的庙祭和墓祀这两个层面出发讨论吐谷浑祖先崇拜现象。以英藏敦煌藏文文献IOL Tib J 1368《吐谷浑大事纪年》为主要材料,通过对该文献中■一词的梳理,讨论吐谷浑庙祭,认为将■可译为“举行祭祖大典”,或“时享大典”。据此可知,吐谷浑不仅存在祭祖活动,而且还存在孟月祭祖这样的礼仪制度,并以青海的吐谷浑王陵墓所存地面祭祀建筑为主,讨论吐谷浑墓祀现象。文章认为,庙祭和墓祀可谓祖先崇拜的一体两面,结合汉文文献的相关记载,可以推知,深受汉文化影响的吐谷浑存在祖先崇拜的社会信仰,并且延续至吐蕃统治时期。     

一个多民族文学融合互动的范本——《述善集》文学文献价值考述

“Tangwu” is an alternative name for the descendants of the Xixia dynasty. In 1227 AD, a number of these Xixia descendants moved inland after the destruction of the Xixia Dynasty by the Mongolians. One group of them migrated to the area near Puyang, Henan Province. Tangwu Chongxi ( Yang Chongxi ) of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shu San Ji, which is divided into three volumes: Shansu, Yucai and Xingshi, and appended with the biography of Boyan Zongdao. It reflects the historical origins, social class, living conditions and the relations with the Han people of the descendants of the Dangxiangqiang minority af-ter they moved to Puyang. This book attracted a lot of attention in academic circles, and it was there-fore reorganized and published in 1985 after being treasured by the people for more than 600 years. It has high academic value for its comprehensive his-torical records. We can not only acquaint ourselves with the history of the make-up of the Chinese na-tion, but also research this diversity from multiple perspectives, such as history, nationality and folk-lore . That is why it has drawn so much attention a-mong academic researchers. The book contains po-ems, prose and biographies, which belong to dif-ferent celebrated scholars from different ethnic mi-norities, all of whom had relationships with Tang-wu Chongxi. It is also a typical model of Qiang-Han literature, which is very rare. This paper gives a preliminary exploration on the book, and shows a small part of its comprehensive value. Shu San Ji is not a merely personal collec-tion, but is also different from general literature collections. The compilation of the book took a long time. Shu San Ji Xuxie ( Continuation of Shu San Ji) , written by Zhang Yining, was finished in the 18 th year of the Zhizheng Period in the Yuan Dynasty (1358), which indicates that the Shu San Ji had already been finished by that time . Zeng wuwei chushi yangxiangxian xu ( Presented to Chu Shi Yang Xingxian·Preface ) , written by Wei Su and finished in the 24 th year of Zhizheng ( 1364 ) , suggests that the Shu San Ji had been compiled in-to a book by that time, and that it was compiled with the compositions of social celebrities of the time. However, the Shu San Ji, as it has been handed down to us today, includes the Song Yang-gong Xiangxian gui Tanyuan xu ( Preface of Send-ing Yanggong Xiangxian Back to Tanyuan) by Tao Kai, written in March in the 5 th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty ( 1372 ) . It indicates that Yang Xiangxian kept on collecting articles even after the book was finished. The Xu yangshi yiji ( Preface of Yang’s Last Collection) by Wang Chongqing, writ-ten in the 6th year of Jiajing (1527), indicates that the Shu San Ji was still being written after Yang Chongxi’s death. At the end of the Shu San Ji , Boyang Zongdao zhuan ( Biography of Boyang Zongdao) and Weiti shi (Poems) were collected in the 16 th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1629), respectively. It suggests that the
Shu San Ji had been supplemented and continually recompiled since Yang Chongxi firstly finished his book in 1358. After 271 years, in 1629, the Shu San Ji, as we read it today, was finally comple-ted. Through the basic components of the Shu San Ji,readers can understand that the Tangwu family was a harmonious, multi-ethnic family. A number of multi-ethnic writers spent long periods compos-ing works collected in the Shu San Ji and Tangwu Chongxi was also influenced by China’s diverse culture and traditional Confucian culture. The work is strongly connected with his study in Guozixue. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the restora-tion of the imperial examinations promoted Confucianism’s influence further. Pan Di, as Tang-wu Chongxi’s teacher in Guozixue, wrote most arti-cles in the Shu San Ji, which shows their close re-lationship and his influences on Tangwu Chongxi’s literature and Confucian studies. Tangwu Chongxi and others’ works reflected their sense of admira-tion for and deep feelings for their Dangxiang an-cestors, but more so helped to propagate the con-cepts of Confucian edification, diligence, thrifti-ness and benevolence, and some of them did so in a very polemic way. For example, Boyan Zongdao wrote the Jiefu xu ( preface of “Jiefu”) and Tang-wu Chongxi wrote the Jiefu houxu ( epilogue of“Jiefu”) , which reflect the social reality and ide-ology of all scholars with different ethnic back-grounds at that time. His work, “Tangwu gong-bei” fushi ( Poem inscribed on Tangwu Tablet ) , was written in a plain and authentic way and showed that he always remembered his origins and his ethnic desire to inherit the family’s heritage. Meanwhile , it was also mixed with the popular ide-as of upholding the honor of their ancestors from the central plains and Han areas, which shows the
editorial purpose of the Shu San Ji and also dem-onstrates the value of Chinese multi-ethnic litera-ture and cultural integration.     

明代汉译萨迦派文献《大乘密藏现证本续摩尼树卷》考述

汉译《大乘密藏现证本续摩尼树卷》是藏传密教文献《大乘要道密集》中收录的一篇作品,译者应该是明代兼通汉藏双语的汉人译师莎南屹啰。该汉译本节译自元代萨迦派三祖扎巴坚赞所著《本续现证如意宝树》,内容仅为其中讲说“方便续”中有关“解脱道”的实修部分,即“殊胜大手印主要成就之五现证”中第三部分“观修圆满次第”、第四部分“得暖行行”、第五部分“观修近因阿哩葛哩自性菩提心”,以及“世间与出世间一切成就之五现证”,篇幅仅占全文的五分之一。文章主要考察了文本的著者、译者、主要内容、译本特点、翻译背景及研究意义等,以期从整体上对该文本有个大致的把握,并进而加深对明代藏传佛教萨迦派根本教法“道果法”于内地传播的认识及汉藏文化交流的理解。     

基于碑刻与文书文献的清代“北侗九寨”乡村社会治理摭论

“北侗九寨”是贵州省锦屏县西北部由九个侗族传统村落通过长期的交往交流而形成的典型的侗族山地文化区。历史上该地长期为自组织的传统社会,即通过非正式制度,特别是“款”“联款”组织以及寨老、款(团)首等乡绅的作用实现乡民社会的治理。清代,面对动荡的时局和诸多影响地方秩序的社会问题,基于力量对比、秩序维系和图存发展等方面的考量,“北侗九寨”地方“精英”引入国家力量,在特定时期实现了前所未有的相向互动及资源的有效整合,从治理秩序乱象以宁村社环境、修路建桥以利内外交通、兴起团练联防以御外患护家园、开展婚俗改革以纯社会风气和保护生态环境促进人与自然和谐共生等方面,对九寨一带的乡村治理及其秩序重构进行梳理。以碑刻与文书文献呈现出的清代西南民族乡村社会治理为个案分析,撷取可借鉴的经验,以期为当下实现民族乡村的有效治理、推进乡村振兴进程提供一定的参考和启示。