技术创新过程中著作权的战略与保护策略选择

在技术创新过程中,取得和利用著作权应是技术创新主体,是企业必须追求的重要目标。作为技术创新主体,不仅应对取得、利用、管理和保护著作权的时间、方式和地域等问题做出保护性战略选择,而且还应在机构、人员、制度和手段等方面选择或采取一系列保护策略。     

技术创新过程中商标权的保护战略与保护策略

技术创新的过程是应该取得和利用商标权的。技术创新主体,特别是企业,不仅应对取得、运用、管理和保护商标权的时间、方式和地域等问题做出相应的保护战略选择,还应根据商标权的特点,在机构、人员、规章制度等方面选择并采取一系列相应的保护策略。     

论商业秘密权及商业秘密侵权行为的认定

商业秘密权主要是一种财产权,具体说可以分解为财产权法上的权利、侵权法上的权利和合同法上的权利;它具有相对独占性、事实上的独占权、保护期限的不确定、无地域性的限制等权力特征。商业秘密权要受到他人权利和社会公共利益的限制。商业秘密侵权行为的构成要件为:行为人有非法行为;行为人主观上出于故意或重大过失;有损害事实的发生;侵权人的行为与受害人损害发生有直接的因果关系。商业秘密侵权行为的类型主要有三种:以不正当手段获取权利人商业秘密的行为;披露、使用或许可他人使用以不正当手段获取的权利人商业秘密的行为;获取商业秘密途径正当但违反保密义务披露、使用,许可他人使用的行为。     

竞业限制合同中的冲突问题分析

竞业限制合同是保护商业的一种有效手段,在适用竞业限制合同过程中存在商业秘密与劳动权、择业自由权、职工的知识技能经验的冲突,司法审判中协调冲突应考虑多方利益,根据平衡原则解决冲突.     

总体国家安全观视域下商业秘密刑事保护的美国挑战与中国应对

商业秘密保护已不仅是企业间的利益纠葛，而是关乎国与国之间较量的关键底牌。美国通过修改国内刑事法、在国际推行美式标准、强行拔高我国商业秘密保护标准等手段，俨然将商业秘密保护作为推行其司法霸权的抓手，为打压中国企业大开方便之门。结合我国经济发展的内在需求，将总体国家安全观融入商业秘密刑事保护体系显得刻不容缓。具体路径是：在理论层面将国家安全作为相应罪名的保护法益之一；在立法层面着重细化为境外的机构、组织、人员窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供商业秘密罪；在司法层面灵活运用宽严政策，区别处理国内和涉外商业秘密案件。     

国外计算机软件的商业秘密法保护

国外计算机软件的商业秘密法保护李季近年来，对计算机软件的法律保护问题成了法律界及计算机软件界关心的重点问题。目前，国际上除了用版权法、专利法保护计算机软件外，还采用商业秘密法保护之。一、商业秘密法及其商业秘密１、保护的客体商业秘密法保护的客体是商业秘...     

劳动者保守商业秘密的法定义务辨析

劳动者的法定保密义务是将《合同法》上当事人的保密义务适用于劳动合同的产物.劳动者在职期间违反保密义务的,用人单位不仅享有普通合同中守约方的权利,而且拥有即时解约权.根据诚实信用原则,劳动者的就业权和用人单位的商业秘密权益理应实现平衡,这是约定在职竞业限制义务的正当性基础.然而,为了保护就业权,中国在劳动立法上主张:对就业权的约定限制优先于法定限制、法定保护优先于约定保护.据此,劳动者并不负有法定的在职竞业限制义务.比较法视角的探讨也支持这一观点.     

商业秘密侵权及其民事法律救济问题探讨

商业秘密作为一项重要的知识产权,是核心竞争力的体现,是能够给企业带来巨大经济利益的无形资产.虽然我国通过制定相关政策将商业秘密纳入法律保护范围,但是由于长期以来企业知识产权自我保护意识淡薄,保护措施不得力,在理论研究上又存在商业秘密法律属性的不确定性、原因的复杂性,使商业秘密侵权的事例层出不穷.因此,通过法律救济遏止商业秘密侵权已经成为当前维护社会公平竞争的重要任务.     

大力实施知识产权保护制度

在党的十五大上，江泽民同志第一次在党的代表大会报告中明确提出要“实施知识产权保护制度”。这一制度的实施，对于促进科技进步、经济发展和文化繁荣具有十分重要的意义。一是能够有效地防止知识产权类国有资产的流失，切实保护国有企业所拥有的包括专利权、商标权、著作权、非专利技术、商业秘密和其他科技成果权在内的知识产权。二是有利于实施科教兴国战略，使经济增长从主要依靠制度变革所取得的效率转向主要依靠科技进步上来。三是迎接知识经济的挑战，使知识这一知识经济的第一推动力受到严格保护，能够发挥重要作用。四是有利于提…     

贞操权观念在现代社会中的重新审视

贞操权是我国民事立法尚未确立的一项权利,但它与名誉权等人格权不同,是一项独立的人格权,我国立法应当确立贞操权保护制度。     

北京与周边地区基于环境保护的区域合作机制研究

区域合作是推动京津冀区域协调发展及一体化的重要举措,同时也是解决北京及周边地区环境保护问题的重要手段。本文通过分析北京与周边地区的经济环境关系以及区域合作、特别是水资源合作的现状,发现了二者在生态环境与产业领域合作中存在的一些突出问题,例如合作项目的前瞻性不足、缺乏统一规划、区域合作信息收集与服务水平较低等。针对这些问题,本文在分析其原因的基础上,构建了北京与周边地区区域合作机制的主体框架,并提出了解决前述问题的若干建议。     

Patenting Our Food Future: Intellectual Property Rights and the Global Food System

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) underpin the new knowledge economy and their ownership and control affects the distribution of wealth and power. This paper explores the changing international IPRs regime and its possible impact on the food system, in particular through their connection with biotechnology and marketing. It outlines how IPRs have been extended into agriculture globally through the Agreement on the Trade–Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS) at the World Trade Organization ( WTO) and the other related international agreements. It identifies two problems. One is with the way the global rules are made—which is unbalanced with too few of the interested parties taking part in the process. The other is with whether the rules themselves are appropriate in food and agriculture. Their possible impact, especially patents, on increasingly proprietary, agricultural research and development is discussed as well as the possible effects on seed provision of the requirement for some form of IPRs protection to be available for plant varieties in all WTO members, sooner or later. Possible options for rethinking the rules to make them more appropriate for food and agriculture are discussed, as well as effects on market structure and the environment. Brief mention is made of other IPRs—trademarks, trade secrets and geographical indications—upon the way business in the food system is carried out. The paper concludes that this complex subject area is worthy of much more scrutiny because of the potential impact of these esoteric and complex rules.     

The Value of the WTO

Recent developments in global trade include actions by major global traders that lie outside the norms of behaviour of the World Trade Organization (WTO) over the last 20 years. Member frustrations with the slow pace of negotiations and concerns about strategies and behaviours of other members approaches to trade and economic development have created unprecedented stresses on a system of rules and commitments that have long encouraged global trade growth and increased economic integration. In this paper we explore the value of the multilateral trading system, particularly the WTO, and emphasize that the value goes well beyond crucial achievements such as tariff reductions and the prevention of a global trade war, but is also found in increased certainty and transparency. The WTO reduces uncertainty about trade policy thus promoting trade and investment. Membership of the WTO locks in beneficial reform and has a public good nature also fostering trade with non-members. We discuss the importance of the WTO as a multilateral forum to negotiate rules on segments of trade expected to grow in the future such as services and digital trade. We describe how the history of negotiations in the WTO provides useful insights for negotiations on such future topics.     

国际贸易的文化解读

文化是国际贸易中的重要内生要素,把握国际贸易需要从文化视角进行解读。商品是价值、使用价值和文化价值的统一体,国际贸易实质上也是商品文化价值的交换过程;文化差异是国际贸易产生的重要根源和依据;文化比较优势是推动国际贸易的增长和发展的现实动力。这一研究为我国新时期国际贸易的发展提供了新的视角和新的启示。     

日美对外贸易政策的取向及启示

日本和美国的对外贸易政策是随着国内外经济环境的变化而不断地进行调整和完善的。一方面,对外贸易政策在总体趋势上呈现自由化;另一方面,又根据各自经济贸易发展的实际大力推行管理贸易。中国在对外贸易政策的选择上,既要将贸易自由化作为对外贸易政策的基本取向,更要适应国际贸易发展趋势,加大实施管理贸易的力度。     

Wearing corset,losing shape: The euro's effect on trade imbalances

When does trade become a one-way relationship? We study bilateral trade balances for a sample of 18 European countries over the period from 1948 through 2008. We find that, with the introduction of the euro, trade imbalances among euro area members widened considerably, even after allowing for permanent asymmetries in trade competitiveness within pairs of countries or in the overall trade competitiveness of individual countries. This is consistent with indications that pair-wise trade tends to be more balanced when nominal exchange rates are flexible. Intra-euro area imbalances also seem to have become more persistent with the introduction of the euro, some of which is linked to labor market inflexibility. Reviewing the direction of imbalances, we find that bilateral trade surpluses are decreasing in the real exchange rate, decreasing in growth differentials, and increasing in the relative volatility of national business cycles. Finally, countries with relatively higher fiscal deficits and less flexible labor and product markets exhibit systematically lower trade surpluses than others.     

广西与越南经贸合作研究

近年来中国及广西与越南不断深化全面合作,为推动中国—东盟自由贸易区的建设及泛北部湾合作和＂两廊一圈＂建设打下了坚实基础。随着越南和广西经贸合作的深入,广西应把重点转移到茶叶产业等八个领域上,建立广西—越南陆上跨国经济特区带,实现广西—越南双方全方位经贸合作。     

创新的理论渊源、发展轨迹及其启示

我们所处的是创新爆炸的时代,创新是全方位多层次的,创新理论有了惊人的突破性发展。梳理创新理论发展的轨迹,可以使我们认识到理论工作的责任,为破译创新做贡献。     

Verbal and Nonverbal Dynamics of Privacy, Secrecy, and Deceit

We discuss the ways in which deception can be used to protect privacy, as well as the ways in which claims to privacy can provide the latitude to lie. In their attempts to maintain their own privacy and their secrets, people can be assisted by others who overlook their lies. Habits of honoring other people's verbal and nonverbal claims about themselves, even when they are not totally convincing, and expectations of similar indulgences from others can keep interactions from getting derailed by small interpersonal bumps. But they also enable exploitation in the form of frauds and scams .     

中国转型期边境对外贸易发展对策研究

边境对外贸易作为国际贸易的一种形式,既具有国际贸易中商品及服务的跨国互换性,又具备比国际贸易更为严格的地缘性。它是毗邻国家间特有的一种对外经济交往形式,对促进一国经济发展和国际间往来均具有十分重要的作用,且这种作用并未随着信息时代"地球村"的出现而减小。恰恰相反,边境对外贸易正在与新的区域间交往和合作方式结合在一起,发挥着更大的作用。在对中国边境对外贸易发展历程和现状进行归纳和剖析基础上,针对中国经济转型期要求和新的国际形势,提出相应的政策建议,对促进中国边境对外贸易更好更快发展具有重大的现实意义。