中国企业履责动因机制实证研究

在结合制度理论和资源基础理论的基础上,揭示出合法性机制和效率机制2种逻辑下的企业社会责任动因机制。研究发现,社会责任是企业与利益相关者建立关系、获取合法性的一种手段;当社会责任植根于社会价值观体系时,这种内在的信仰和规范构成了新实践扩散的稳定基础;在既缺乏"示范效应"又缺失"惩戒效应"的商业环境中,同行压力不足以对中国企业的社会责任行为产生明显激励作用。另外,内部资源构成了企业履责的基础。高层领导的伦理承诺是推动企业履行社会责任的根本动力;同时,国际经验、冗余资源对企业社会责任发挥了显著促进作用。尽管面临日益严格的制度约束和更高的社会履责期望,现阶段中国企业履责更为直接的动力仍然来源于竞争环境。     

基于员工视角的企业社会责任对工作投入影响的实证研究

构建了企业社会责任、组织认同和工作投入三者之间的研究模型,并基于员工视角将企业社会责任分为员工、消费者和环境3个维度,将组织认同分为认知、评价和情感3个维度,发现企业对员工和消费者履行社会责任对工作投入均呈显著的直接正向影响;履行环境责任对工作投入的直接影响并不显著,但可通过情感性组织认同对工作投入产生显著正向影响。研究结果表明,企业履行社会责任并非负担,而是提升员工工作投入度和向心力的重要内部行销工具。企业亦有必要加强履行社会责任的内部宣传,这样既可增强员工对企业的认同,从文化情感上吸引员工,又可提升员工的工作投入程度。     

用户偏好连续分布下两竞争双边平台的企业社会责任与定价决策研究

平台履行企业社会责任是影响用户选择的重要因素。基于双边市场理论和博弈分析方法,建模研究两竞争双边平台均不履行、均履行及一个履行一个不履行企业社会责任三种情形下的定价竞争,其中双边用户对平台履责的偏好服从连续分布,并进行模型求解和数值仿真,分析平台企业社会责任行为对竞争均衡及社会福利的影响。结果表明：两平台竞争下,履责平台的企业社会责任水平、定价水平、用户规模和利润随自身企业社会责任成本系数单调递减;非履责平台的定价水平、用户规模和利润随履责平台企业社会责任成本系数单调递增。两平台竞争下平台履行企业社会责任是占优策略,但两平台均履行企业社会责任比不履行时的利润低,即存在囚徒困境,但消费者剩余和社会福利将显著增加。     

医药企业社会责任履行的影响因素组态与路径研究

以209家进行企业社会责任评分的A股医药上市公司作为研究对象,基于企业内外整合视角,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,探究内部驱动因素（财务绩效、技术创新、高管薪酬、内部控制）和外部约束因素（政府干预度、法律环境）的匹配效应对医药企业社会责任履行的复杂影响机制。研究表明,企业内部驱动因素与外部约束因素的不同组合对医药企业社会责任履行起到“殊途同归”的效果;医药企业社会责任高履行路径有5条,分别是高管引领经济驱动型、内控强化经济驱动型、高管引领内控驱动型、法律保护能力驱动型和内控强化压力驱动型;导致医药企业社会责任低履行的路径有1条,且与社会责任高履行的驱动机制存在非对称性。研究结论有助于厘清影响医药企业社会责任履行的多重复杂因素间互动本质,并为医药企业如何采取有效措施更好地履行社会责任带来有益的实践启示。     

中国环境下企业政治资源、政治策略和政治绩效及其关系研究

本文对中国环境下企业营造有利外部环境的政治活动进行了实证研究。研究结果表明(:1)企业为了实现其营造有利外部环境的目标,获得政治竞争优势,可能会积极建立自己的政治资源,制定和实施合适的政治策略,获得各种政治和经济利益,从而提高企业绩效水平(;2)企业政治资源可分为有形资源、无形资源、组织资源和关系资源(;3)企业政治策略包括政治经营、直接参与、政府关联、财务刺激、代言人、制度创新、信息咨询和调动社会力量等8个层面的策略(;4)企业获得的政治绩效可分为政府资源、企业政治竞争优势与能力以及市场绩效与财务绩效3个方面(;5)中国企业拥有的政治资源、实施的政治策略和获得的政治绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系(;6)中国环境下的政治行为与西方环境下的政治行为既有相似性又有显著差异。     

“本固枝荣、行稳致远”：上市公司内部控制与精准扶贫研究

聚焦内部控制这一公司治理内部视角，有效结合外部治理环境协同，剖析精准扶贫的实施动因，并以2016—2019年A股上市公司为样本，实证检验内部控制质量对企业履行精准扶贫的社会责任行为的影响和机制。研究结果表明：内部控制质量有助于企业积极履行精准扶贫的社会责任；媒体关注和分析师关注，显著增强了内部控制质量对企业履行精准扶贫社会责任的促进作用。进一步研究结果表明：政府干预、敏感性行业增强了内部控制质量对精准扶贫的促进作用；高质量的内部控制通过提升财务绩效，进而提高了企业履行精准扶贫社会责任的程度。建议：企业应进一步完善内部控制建设，保障履行精准扶贫社会责任的合规化和持续化，从根本上提升履行精准扶贫的水平；加快构建全社会广泛参与扶贫攻坚的新格局，调动、鼓励和引导更多的社会力量参与到我国的扶贫事业中，构筑全社会参与的大扶贫新格局。     

利益相关者视角下企业社会责任与企业价值关系研究

从企业社会责任的利益相关者视角出发,以2008-2012年深沪两市石油化工塑胶塑料行业上市公司组成的面板数据来研究企业社会责任与企业价值的关系。研究结果表明:企业履行股东、债权人、员工、政府和环境责任与企业价值呈显著正相关关系;履行社会捐赠责任与企业价值呈显著负相关关系。     

浅议企业社会责任与企业社会资本的关系

企业社会责任与企业社会资本是目前经济管理界的研究热点,企业管理者也越来越重视二者对企业可持续发展的重要性。企业履行社会责任是其积累企业社会资本的有效途径,企业社会资本的积累能够促进企业履行社会责任,企业履行社会责任和积累企业社会资本有利于增强和提升企业的竞争优势。     

中国情境下企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究——基于大、中小型上市公司的对比分析

本文以2012年发布的中国500强且在沪深上市的企业为大型企业样本,以中小板上市企业为中小型企业样本,选取各企业2010-2012年会计年报数据,运用结构化方程模型和多元回归分析方法,分别实证检验了大型企业、中小型企业承担社会责任对企业短期财务绩效和长期财务绩效的影响。研究结果表明:(1)无论是大型企业还是中小型企业,承担社会责任都不会引起其短期财务状况的恶化。(2)大型企业和中小型企业的社会责任与长期财务绩效关系的表现不完全相同,大型企业多呈正向关系,中小型企业则负向关系较多。(3)特别值得关注的是,无论大型企业还是中小型企业,对员工和顾客的社会责任与长期财务绩效都呈负相关关系。本文研究揭示了在当前中国情境下企业履行社会责任不容乐观的现状,同时研究结果对于引导企业履行社会责任,促进我国经济社会的健康和谐发展,也具有重要的借鉴价值。     

经济政策不确定性与企业社会责任北大核心CSSCI

本文以2010—2017年我国A股上市公司为样本,探讨了经济政策不确定性如何影响企业社会责任。实证结果显示,经济政策不确定性越高,企业履行社会责任的程度越高。经过内生性处理和稳健性检验后结论依然成立。这一关系在内部控制水平较低和盈余波动性较大的企业更加显著,在国有企业、有政治关联和政府干预程度较高地区的非国有企业更加显著。经济政策不确定性通过影响企业面临的系统性风险进而影响企业社会责任的履行程度。研究结论表明,面对外部经济政策不确定性时,一方面,企业可能会根据自身经营管理的风险,将社会责任履行作为应对风险的一种工具;另一方面,政府有动机引导企业积极履行社会责任,以在经济政策不确定性上升时更好实现政府目标。     

Comments on globalization, interdisciplinary research, myopia and parochialism, government, convergence, and culture

Globalization presents social scientists with a wide variety of issues and challenges that cut across disciplinary boundaries. Disciplinary boundaries encourage specialization and advances in understanding aspects of social behavior, but specialization also creates barriers to more comprehensive understanding of social behavior such as globalization. Successful interdisciplinary efforts entail gains from trade across disciplinary specializations. The papers in this volume help outline an agenda for interdisciplinary investigation of globalization to knock down disciplinary boundaries and encourage gains from trade that further our understanding of globalization. But much work remains before we see real fruits from such efforts.     

Complexity,simplicity, simplexity

“In the midst of order, there is chaos; but in the midst of chaos, there is order”, John Gribbin wrote in his book Deep Simplicity (p. 76). In this dialectical spirit, we discuss the generative tension between complexity and simplicity in the theory and practice of management and organization. Complexity theory suggests that the relationship between complex environments and complex organizations advanced by the well-known Ashby’s law, may be reconsidered: only simple organization provides enough space for individual agency to match environmental turbulence in the form of complex organizational responses. We suggest that complex organizing may be paradoxically facilitated by a simple infrastructure, and that the theory of organizations may be viewed as resulting from the dialectical interplay between simplicity and complexity.     

Flexibility, Hierarchy, Markets

The conclusion that organizations need to become more strategically flexible as a response to increasing environmental dynamism and uncertainty has been an important feature of recent contingency theories of organization design. In this literature organizations have been analysed from the perspective of the development of networks of organizations concentrating on their core competencies and contracting among themselves on a stable long-term basis. This model of inter-firm relationships provides an alternative mode of organizational structuring to that arising from vertical integration, which, by contrast, is seen as fostering strategic inflexibility. In the literature on corporate restructuring and changes in ownership form arising from the markets and hierarchies perspective, we see a similar emphasis on the dysfunctional consequences of large-scale bureaucratic organization. Changes in ownership form are seen as a major means of providing more effective managerial control. In this paper we argue that linking the literature on flexibility emanating from contingency theories of organizational design and the markets and hierarchies perspective provides important new insights into current and emerging forms of organization.     

GMM,GEL, Serial Correlation,and Asymptotic Bias

For stationary time series models with serial correlation, we consider generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators that use heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) positive definite weight matrices and generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimators based on smoothed moment conditions. Following the analysis of Newey and Smith (2004) for independent observations, we derive second order asymptotic biases of these estimators. The inspection of bias expressions reveals that the use of smoothed GEL, in contrast to GMM, removes the bias component associated with the correlation between the moment function and its derivative, while the bias component associated with third moments depends on the employed kernel function. We also analyze the case of no serial correlation, and find that the seemingly unnecessary smoothing and HAC estimation can reduce the bias for some of the estimators.     

Trust, confidence, procedural fairness, outcome fairness, moral conviction, and the acceptance of GM field experiments

In 2005, Swiss citizens endorsed a moratorium on gene technology, resulting in the prohibition of the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops and the growth of genetically modified animals until 2013. However, scientific research was not affected by this moratorium, and in 2008, GMO field experiments were conducted that allowed us to examine the factors that influence their acceptance by the public. In this study, trust and confidence items were analyzed using principal component analysis. The analysis revealed the following three factors: "economy/health and environment" (value similarity based trust), "trust and honesty of industry and scientists" (value similarity based trust), and "competence" (confidence). The results of a regression analysis showed that all the three factors significantly influenced the acceptance of GM field experiments. Furthermore, risk communication scholars have suggested that fairness also plays an important role in the acceptance of environmental hazards. We, therefore, included measures for outcome fairness and procedural fairness in our model. However, the impact of fairness may be moderated by moral conviction. That is, fairness may be significant for people for whom GMO is not an important issue, but not for people for whom GMO is an important issue. The regression analysis showed that, in addition to the trust and confidence factors, moral conviction, outcome fairness, and procedural fairness were significant predictors. The results suggest that the influence of procedural fairness is even stronger for persons having high moral convictions compared with persons having low moral convictions.     

Bacon, Boole, the EPA, and Scientific Standards

The scientific standards of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) include the use of retrospective meta-analysis. This analysis entails a use of the theory of probability that is only a simulation and cannot accurately measure the confidence that should be placed in the results. The uncertainty necessary for probability is, in a retrospective study, simulated rather than real. There are three logical forms for establishing a proposition. In the logic of the syllogism, a proposition is established by deduction from assumed propositions. In the logic of the physical sciences, a proposition is established by its ability to predict the outcomes of future experiments. In the logic of the courtroom, a proposition is established by its ability to explain past events. The logic of the courtroom operates under the handicap of working with nonrepeatable events. It is more subject to the preferences of the judge than the logic of the physical sciences or that of the syllogism. Because the logic of the courtroom is less reliable than either the logic of the physical sciences or that of the syllogism, it is the logic of last resort, i.e., it is used only when the other two are not applicable. Under the EPA scientific standards, the logic of the courtroom is accepted for establishing propositions about the physical world. As the logic of the courtroom is less reliable than that of the physical sciences, this practice increases the likelihood of errors.