高新技术产业集群创业特征及其绩效关系研究

高新技术产业集群是一种典型的创新集群,创新是高新技术产业集群产生、发展和成熟的重要源泉和关键动力,高新技术产业集群在其形成和发展的过程表现出来强烈的创业特征:如创新性、高风险承担性、企业家精神以及行动超前性等。本文从创业的角度对高新技术产业集群的形成及成长机理进行分析,并探讨了高新技术产业集群的创业特征与该产业集群的绩效关系。     

企业家社会网络、组织能力与集群企业成长绩效

通过将社会网络理论和组织能力理论引入集群企业成长研究,以浙江省集群企业为对象,对企业家社会网络是否以及如何通过组织能力影响企业成长绩效进行了实证分析.研究发现:企业家社会网络对组织能力具有正向影响;组织能力的2个维度对集群企业成长绩效均有显著的正向影响;企业家社会网络与集群企业成长绩效正相关,其中,除了关系强度外,达高性和开放性并不对集群企业成长绩效产生直接影响,而是通过组织能力这一中介变量对集群企业成长绩效产生间接影响.     

集群企业创业传导的仿真研究北大核心CSSCI

集群企业创业已成为当前产业集群转型升级的重要路径。受所在集群企业网络的影响,集群企业创业行为决策存在巨大差异。基于复杂网络的分析视角,揭示了集群企业网络与复杂网络模型之间的耦合关系,运用仿真方法构建集群企业网络并对集群企业网络中创业行为的传导进行了模拟,以最终创业企业数、传导稳定期、累积创业次数和创业行为集中度四个指标刻画了集群企业创业行为传导过程和效果。结论表明:创业传导次数的变化除引起累积创业次数发生几乎同比例的变化外,不引起其它指标显著变化;增加初始目标结点数能使传导更早进入稳定期且其它指标基本保持不变;集群内不同企业的累积创业次数在被动影响模式下表现更均衡,且创业行为集中度降低。     

产业集群集聚效应与创业意向关系的实证研究

选取我国3家产业集群的452位创业者为研究样本,运用结构方程模型对产业集群集聚效应与创业意向关系的理论模型与假设进行检验及修正。研究表明,集聚效应对希求性知觉、主观规范知觉、可行性知觉和创业自我效能具有显著的正向影响;创业自我效能在集聚效应和可行性知觉之间具有部分中介作用;希求性知觉和可行性知觉对创业意向具有显著的正向影响;希求性知觉在可行性知觉和创业意向之间具有部分中介作用;集聚效应通过创业自我效能、可行性知觉和希求性知觉的中介作用对创业意向具有显著的正向影响。     

基于专利水平地区差异的高科技产业化问题研究

本文构建了以技术创新—企业家创业—高科技产业化为核心主线的高科技产业化运作模型,动态地考察了高科技产业化的发展过程。通过选取科技资源禀赋和专利水平等变量,对31个省、市、自治区进行聚类分析,我们发现我国高科技产业发展地区非均衡性十分严重,且各地区的影响因素差异也很显著。计量分析进一步发现推动我国高科技产业发展的主要力量不是原创型技术,而是模仿型技术。实证结果也反映出市场机制与企业家精神在高科技产业化过程中发挥了重要作用。     

区域经济中的产业集群文化要素分析

在产业集群的发展过程中,集群文化是其提高共同竞争力,提高进入壁垒的重要影响因素。文章从地域文化、外来文化、企业家精神和特色产业文化四方面入手,探讨了区域经济中产业集群文化的形成规律。     

简论产业集群与技术关联关系

产业集群本质上是技术关联企业在区域内的集聚.技术的内在特征和属性决定了技术关联企业的集聚及其产业集群的形成,而产业集群内技术的延伸与创新又决定了产业发展的高级化程度,从而影响着产业在区域间的布局与转移.同时,以技术关联为基础的区域网络更是集群存在和发展的重要支撑.通过对产业集群与技术关联关系的研究分析,有助于解决地区产业集群的技术升级和健康、持续发展的问题.     

企业家协调与企业集群——对珠江三角洲专业镇企业集群化成长的分析

企业集群现象受到越来越多的关注,如何理解其生成发展的机制,关键在于识别这种企业群体的协调或治理关系。本文认为,企业集群是不同于战略网络的一种企业组织协调方式,其关系治理主要是通过企业家而不是网络间的股权与非股权联系实现的。区别于钱德勒的“管理协调”,企业集群组织是“企业家协调”,这是以企业家精神的相互学习、创新为核心而形成的关系治理。本文通过对珠江三角洲专业镇企业集群的企业家特征与过程分析,揭示了企业家协调的本质。     

基于创新合作网络的产业集群知识扩散研究

创新合作网络是产业集群内部主体为适应创新复杂性的一种自组织涌现,创新合作网络结构决定了网络功能并进而影响发生于网络上的集群知识扩散过程。建立基于创新合作网络的知识扩散模型,在具有不同拓扑结构特征的规则网络、随机网络、小世界网络和无标度网络上,运用仿真方法研究集群知识扩散规律。将知识扩散效率与创新合作关系距离相联系,考虑知识的全局扩散效应。研究结果表明,具有无标度特征的创新合作网络能最大限度地提升集群知识扩散深度、知识扩散速度、整体知识水平增长效率以及具有最高的知识资源配置效率,创新合作网络中存在空间聚集的集群主体间倾向于具有相近的知识水平。最后给出促进最优创新合作网络安排的相关政策建议。     

集群企业社会网络嵌入与关系绩效研究:基于关系张力的视角

在对相关文献进行回顾的基础上,本文提出了集群企业社会网络嵌入、关系张力和关系绩效之间的理论模型,并以浙江省不同产业集群中172家企业为调查对象进行了实证检验。结果表明,集群企业社会网络通常处于一种相对稳定的状态,企业社会网络水平与垂直嵌入均对关系张力具有显著的正向影响;集群企业社会网络水平嵌入与垂直嵌入不仅直接影响企业关系绩效,而且通过关系张力间接影响企业关系绩效。此外,在不同规模以及不同产业的集群企业中,关系张力对于企业关系绩效的影响也存在较大差异,说明不同规模及不同产业类型的企业在合作关系构建及维系上具有本质的区别。集群企业若要切实提升企业关系绩效,必须重视企业所在社会网络对于企业间关系动态平衡的影响,同时构建适合企业自身发展的合作关系模式。     

Long-term planning in the U.S.S.R.

This article illustrates the U.S.S.R. approach to long-term planning and the relationship of cooperative planning within the Comecon countries. The conception of planning which the author puts forward is comprehensive and is illustrative of what is being attempted at the macro level in the centrally planned economies.     

Environmental scanning in U.S. corporations.

Environmental scanning is a new activity among corporations, because of its importance, corporations need to progress by stages to achieve a structured and formal system of scanning, and this takes time. This paper is based on a study examining the evolution and state of environmental scanning among corporations, and finds that the essential difference between scanning at the corporate and at the product/market level is not observed by all companies. Ideally, there should be a close liaison between the two levels so that each may reinforce the scanning effort of the other.     

E.D. Smith and Sons,Ltd.

Lew Smith, the chairman of a privately owned Canadian processor, must decide whether his company will build a plant in the United States. He has been asked to do so by one of his major customers, Loblaw. The company has been making many improvements to its operations but it’s performance has been hurt by the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States. The company has been doing very well, however, as it shifts its focus from making private label to controlled label. Is now the right time to expand the business into a foreign market?     

Aspects of quality . . . and world domination!

Training, learning and development tend to be regarded as central to the success of every organization and the nation. However, not all organizations are able or willing to invest resources in such processes. The paper presents a view that training, learning and development occur as a consequence of successful persuasive actions in a chain of talk, which draw on the discursive and rhetorical resources of an emerging learning movement. Utilizing the findings from an examination of data from the UK Department of Education and Skills-sponsored National Training Award winners, the paper provides an employment of actor-network theory and the sociology of translation to show how some organizations make the case for training, learning and development as a virtuous endeavour. It concludes by suggesting that what is needed is a more detailed understanding of how the case for the adoption of training, learning and development, or not, within organizations is made meaningful.     

Acquiring companies in the U.S.A.

This article lists the five important characteristics for the ideal acquisition candidate for investment in the United States. A good and long-lasting relationship takes much thought, planning and patience and the authors set out practical guidelines for companies seeking to acquire U.S. companies.     

Effects of the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement on U.S. agricultural exports

This paper investigates the effects of the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement (CUSTA) on U.S. exports of agricultural products. Econometric analysis found that CUSTA has had a large impact on many U.S. agricultural export categories. All of the consumer-oriented products (except wine and beer), five of the intermediate products, and four of the bulk products had significant CUSTA effects. It is clear that the CUSTA effects have been larger for consumer-oriented food products. There is also evidence that U.S. affiliate sales in Canada have stimulated U.S. exports of consumer-oriented products and intermediate products.