少数民族生态习惯法的经济理性

立足于“生态经济人”理论假设,基于制度经济学的法理分析,从法经济学视角剖析论证少数民族生态习惯法的经济理性,以探索少数民族生态习惯法制度整体,在经济理性作用下的发展运行规律。国家司法传播的困境和产权关系的推动为少数民族生态习惯法夯实经济理性的基石,以及在成本与收益的理性抉择和生态损害惩罚性赔偿的激励机制下,使民族群体经济理性意识得以维持并不断增强,最终使得生态习惯法制度体系的经济理性成为少数民族地区生态环境资源保护共同追求的目标。     

少数民族习惯法对国家法制现代化建设的作用

本文在否定法制现代化即用欧美国家法律制度全盘取代传统法律制度的同时,也指出了“国家法律至上”的理念绝对化的缺陷。在多民族国家应肯定少数民族习惯法对国家法制现代化的积极作用。在此基础上,文章进一步论述了少数民族习惯法与国家法的区别,揭示了国家法相对于少数民族习惯法所存在的跨地域性、跨民族性、概括性、超前性、高成本性以及难以有针对性地及时、有效解决少数民族地区的一些具体问题等特点。     

“习惯法”概念的追溯性推演

习惯法是中国法治建设进程中不可或缺的因素,同国家制定法处于同等的地位,习惯法在中国具有丰富多样的表现形式和内容,根据习惯法生成的社会关系的性质不同又可以分为:宗族习惯法、村落习惯法、业缘习惯法、民族习惯法、宗教习惯法五种。在法治至上的现代社会,对习惯法概念的探析需要通过对法的概念进行一个本源字义的追溯性考量和定位,发掘习惯法本身所蕴含的价值和意义,这对于建设中国语境下的以善为主导的法治社会、民族记忆的保存和大国法治的建设无疑具有十分重要的意义。     

书坊

《民族地区传统生态文化教育与生态文明建设》作者:詹全友出版社:中国社会科学出版社出版时间:2019.10该书以民族地区的四个全球重要农业文化遗产作为研究对象开展研究,分析了少数民族传统生态物质文化、生态制度文化、生态观念文化及与之对应的民族地区生态文明物质建设、生态文明制度建设、生态文明观建设等方面取得的成效与经验,并针对相关问题提供了相应的对策。该书为民族传统生态文化保护传承与民族地区生态文明建设双赢提供了理论和实践的借鉴。     

生态哲学的范式转换：从生态中心主义到无中心主义——从西南少数民族生态哲学中得到的启示

生态哲学范式经历了从人类中心主义到生态中心主义的第一次飞越性转变，但是还是没有摆脱西方哲学主客二分的思维框架，也就无法改变人与自然界的对立关系。未来生态哲学的发展还需要实现从生态中心主义到无中心主义的第二次飞越，才能真正建构人与自然界的和谐发展模式。西南少数民族生态哲学的“物我同源”本体论、“天人合一”自然观、“我亦物也”价值观和“顺应自然”实践观中所蕴藏的无中心主义思想，为生态哲学的发展指明了方向，为构建生态文明社会提供了非常值得深思的理论进路。     

侗族习惯法在当今侗族地区的调适研究——以贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州锦屏县为例

侗族习惯法作为一种从远古遗留下来的民族文化,继续影响着侗寨民众的思想和行为。虽然侗族习惯法与刑事制定法之间在定罪和刑罚上的差异导致两者之间存在现实冲突,但是由于我国的基本国情,为维护民族平等、团结、互助,自治地方依据民族区域自治法和刑法具有立法变通权,"两少一宽"刑事政策为侗族习惯法提供了法律依据;相对罪刑法定主义为侗族习惯法提供了理论空间,刑事和解制度在侗族地区运用为侗族习惯法提供了实践机遇。     

藏族生态习惯法与国家法互动关系的实然性与应然性

文章沿循法人类学关于法律的社会功能的研究进路,立足国家法与藏族生态习惯法对特定行为模式调整的8种具体关系类型进行阐释与归纳,认为国家法与藏族生态习惯法的实然性关系呈现出协作、冲突、并行三种面向。以国家法制统一为基本前提,以建构藏区生态善治为宗旨,则促进协作、解决冲突、适度并行,是二者之间建构未来应然性互动关系的合理进路。     

自治与共治:民族政治理论新思考

现代民族政治意义上的自治产生于统治民族和被统治民族之间的暂时妥协 ,存在着排他性和从属性这一对难解的矛盾。中国等当代多民族国家的民族政治生活已经超越了传统的自治观念 ,实际已走上了民族共治的道路。民族共治有其必然性与合理性 ,它是“后自治”民族政治生活发展的客观要求 ,是与民族政治民主和共和“三位一体”的命题。当代民族政治理论应当以共治为核心思想进行构建 ,并赋予自治新的含义 :“民族政治性组织合法”加上“民族政治人格平等” ,应当成为自治的新概念 ,对此可以“当家作主”来界定 ;由这种新自治观出发 ,共治就是一个必然的结论 ,二者的关系也可以得到科学的解释。民族共治的理论意义在于它是批判各种片面的和非理性民族政治观念的武器 ,而实践价值则在于它是建设多民族统一国家、实现民族关系平等、自由与和谐的工具     

民族地区的社会治理与社会建设:现状、问题与对策——基于甘南藏区的研究

民族地区社会治理创新是国家治理现代化的重要内容。基于对甘南藏区的研究,发现少数民族地区具有民族宗教多样性、社会发展多层性和经济发展滞后性等地域和民族特征,其社会治理面临经济发展、宗教认同等方面的困难和挑战。在社会治理与社会建设中,甘南藏区应以依法治国的基本原则为前提,以中华民族文化认同为根基,开创政府领导社会自治的新格局。     

论环境习惯法的环保效力

在习惯法效力日渐式微的今天,环境习惯法以其传统文化的塑化作用、群体连带关系的粘合作用、集体制裁保障方式和宗教因素的强化效力,确保环境习惯法在特定的区域内发挥有效的环保功效.而环境习惯法中的“天人合一”、“万物有灵”、“敬畏自然”的生态观则从观念上与“法理”上论证了环境习惯法存在的正当理由,强化了其环保效力.国家法应该从环境习惯法中反思自己的得失.     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

企业创新:动力、要素、途径

企业在国家创新体系中处于核心地位,是自主创新的主体。企业持续创新的动力,包括企业利益、企业家精神、创新激励、企业创新能力等内源动力和市场需求牵引力、市场竞争推动力、科学技术驱动力、政府政策支持力等外源动力。观念创新是一切创新活动的先导,体制创新是企业创新的基础,管理创新是企业创新的支撑,技术创新是企业创新的关键。提升我国企业自主创新能力必须确立自主创新战略,完善创新法律体系,增加对创新的政府投入、税收优惠和金融支持,建立产学研相结合的体系和联动机制,实施知识产权战略,加强企业创新人才队伍建设。