上海城市精细化管理现状分析评估及发展对策

城市精细化管理是推动政府职能转变和社会治理转型的一种重要方式,深入推进城市精细化管理是城市追求高质量发展的新方向.目前上海城市精细化管理技术和手段下沉力度不足,对基层工作者的激励机制尚不完善,社会协同动员效果尚不明显.上海须进一步完善城市顶层设计,坚持多元主体合作共治,加快城市管理精细化的进程.     

上海城市精细化管理现状分析评估及发展对策

城市精细化管理是推动政府职能转变和社会治理转型的一种重要方式,深入推进城市精细化管理是城市追求高质量发展的新方向.目前上海城市精细化管理技术和手段下沉力度不足,对基层工作者的激励机制尚不完善,社会协同动员效果尚不明显.上海须进一步完善城市顶层设计,坚持多元主体合作共治,加快城市管理精细化的进程.     

"多规合一"背景下城市的精细化管理

精细化的管理方式是对城市管理手段的革新,目前我国城市精细化管理处于起步阶段,规划不科学,法律不完善,监督手段不齐全等问题阻碍着城市管理的革新."多规合一"强调的是盘存收边,避免蔓延式增长,在此背景内进行的城市管理和设计,有助于实现精明增长和精细化管理.笔者从北京精细化管理现状出发,总结国内城市精细化管理存在的不足,分析"多规合一"框架下城市精细化管理的合理性.     

上海社会组织参与城市公共治理研究

推动社会组织参与治理是完善城市公共治理、提升治理绩效的重要一环.上海应提升对社会组织作用的认识水平,推动社会组织进一步填补城市公共治理漏洞:促进社会组织优化产品和服务,提升精细化水平,改善城市公共治理绩效;积极构建整合社会组织参与城市公共治理的格局体系,促进社会组织广泛参与;完善体制机制、丰富和拓宽参与渠道,提升参与便捷性和有效性;搭建协作平台,促进多主体协作联动,提升治理效率.     

上海安全韧性城市建设面临的问题和对策

上海应积极探索创新城市治理的新模式、新路径,建立市、区、街镇各级城市运行综合管理中心,进一步完善城市"一网统管",推进城市精细化管理,提升城市治理的科学化、精细化、智能化水平,增强城市面对灾害和突发事件的应急处置能力,确保城市各领域、各环节运行更安全、更顺畅、更高效、更可持续。     

对超大城市精细化管理的战略思考

超大城市精细化管理有两大精神最重要:一是科学精神.城市精细化管理的本质特征是"细致、精准、高效、可控",这与"粗线条、想当然、低效能、赶到哪算哪"是截然相反的,要达到这样的状态和水平,一定要以科学精神作为支撑.二是人民精神.人民精神主要包括"为了人民和依靠人民"两层含义.超大城市精细化管理的目的不是为了管理而管理,最终目的是服务城市人民需求.     

精细化管理:高职院校科研经费管理的新选择

精细化管理是一种以程序化、标准化、数据化和信息化为手段的现代管理方式,它符合高职院校的改革要求,反映了科研经费业务运作规律,提升了科研管理水平,培育了高职院校科研核心竞争力.本文提出,高职院校科研经费精细化管理要做好四个方面工作:规范化推进精细化、系统化完善精细化、数据化实现精细化、信息化保障精细化.     

迈向精细化管理的珠海市城市设计实践

在城市发展转型中,我国原本粗放的城市规划管理方式已不适应当代城市建设需要,国家确立了以城市设计为抓手促进城市精细化管理的方针。针对方法论尚未完善的现状,在总结国外经验的基础上,从编制体系、过程管控和建成管理三个层面构建了城市设计的精细化管理机制。再以珠海市为例,对城市设计实践情况进行了调查,就其四层级的城市设计编制体系、高标准多角度的过程管控和多模式的建成管理等实践经验进行了总结、分析与反思。     

关于完善上海社会管理体制的对策研究

完善社会管理体制,提高社会建设和管理水平是构建社会主义和谐社会的一项重要任务。本文在对上海社会管理和社会发展中所面临的主要问题进行分析的基础上,研究了社会管理体制改革面临的形势与发展趋势,提出了完善上海社会管理体制的对策措施,尝试为上海社会经济的长期可持续发展提供社会学视角上的理论支持。     

精细化城市设计:作为公共政策的内涵解读及利益分析

在中国城市化范式由增量发展转向存量更新的过程中,城市设计实践正走向精细化。这种转变意味着城市设计正从以结果为导向的技术工具全面进阶为过程与结果并重的"公共政策"。作为一种公共政策,精细化城市设计指向具体的公共问题,其目标是促进城市治理方式创新和城市精细化管理,具有权威性和动态性特征,并牵涉到政府、市场、社会三重结构力量的调整及诸多利益群体在空间利益方面的博弈与协调。基于在中国城市语境下的概括性利益分析,本文指出在中国当前的城市设计实践环境中,既有有助于达成精细化目标的可能性,也有制约完成此目标的潜在问题,未来需要更多的研究以进行持续的观察。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.