全球产业链供应链重构背景下上海面临的挑战与对策

全球产业链供应链出现分散多元、内顾排他、区域强化等新特点。上海应完善多元化的供应链体系,切实保障供应链安全运行,避免被动“脱钩断链”;加强区域整合,推进长三角产业链协同发展;增强自主创新能力,加快突破关键核心技术与关键环节瓶颈制约,大力推进产业基础高级化,提升产业链供应链自主可控能力和现代化水平;围绕重点领域加快构建新型产业体系,重塑产业国际竞争新优势。     

全球化新趋势下上海国际航运中心建设的思路和对策

国际航运中心以吸引、整合和保障全球产业链顺畅运行的关键航运和海事产业要素为手段,以形成和提升海事产业国际影响力和控制力为目的。正是这种国际影响力和控制力,将使国际航运中心所在国在国际经济、贸易和金融领域获得更多的竞争优势。随着生产力的进步、生产效率的提高以及包括分配变化在内的生产关系的调整,全球产业链重构及由此带来的一系列连锁反应正是经济全球化新趋势下的重要具体表现。上海作为中国全球产业链、供应链布局中的关键枢纽,其国际航运中心的建设思路势必以顺应、保障、服务这一布局为核心。     

上海生态环境产业技术支撑体系的构建和完善

上海构建完善的生态环境产业技术支撑体系,要进行顶层设计、系统布局,以应用需求拉动、技术创新驱动和政策体系推动,促进污染链、技术链、产业链三链融合、赋能发展。在纵向一体化的过程中,建立生态产业,催生产业集群,并建立产业生态系统,完成生态环境作为一个产业的系统性建设。     

长三角地区制造业分工合作、产业结构优化升级与对外贸易竞争力提升

长三角地区经历了分工合作和产业结构调整优化,技术和资本密集型产业集聚发展,制造业竞争优势不断强化.同时长三角地区贸易规模持续上升,但贸易竞争力经历了先上升后稳定的阶段性变化,并未出现持续提升.今后一段时期,推动制造业产业结构与贸易竞争力"双提升",需要加快推进先进制造业与现代服务业融合、数字技术与实体经济融合、产业链与创新链融合,建立区域统一市场,塑造更高水平的开放经济新优势,深度嵌入全球产业链供应链价值链体系.     

产业结构优化与 广州全球资源配置能力提升研究

增强全球性资源配置能力已经逐步成为全球经济体发展的重要方向.笔者从产业结构优化与城市资源配置能力的互动关系入手,在论述广州产业结构与资源配置能力现状及问题的基础上,结合其他先进地区的经验启示,提出广州应重视产业结构优化对提升全球资源配置能力的重要性,顺应全球产业结构演化新趋势,遵循产业高端发展规律,培养国际视野和全球化思维,以产业链、 价值链及市场链高端化为发展方向,促进广州产业结构进一步向资本密集型、 技术知识密集型及信息密集型占优势比重的方向演进,全方位促进广州产业结构优化,为提升广州全球资源配置能力提供强大支撑.     

创新驱动，加快发展上海流通产业

流通产业是现代服务业的重要组成部分,该产业增长具有超越整体经济增长的潜力。上海的流通产业历史悠久、基础好,在全国具有领先优势。未来30年,上海将发展成为“全球城市（The Global City）”,成为全球指挥和控制中心以及资源配置中心。与上海城市发展的脉络一致,上海流通产业需要加快创新步伐,不断提高市场引导力、资源配置力、科技支撑力、综合竞争力。到2020年,上海将基本建成具有国际国内两个市场资源配置功能、与我国经济贸易地位相匹配的国际贸易中心。     

上海知识产权服务业产业链构建研究

上海知识产权服务业的协调发展,是上海推进产业结构调整、转变经济增长方式、提升城市创新功能与企业竞争力的基础条件之一。从行业分工、服务过程、知识创新、政策支持和价值分配角度,系统培育和构建上海知识产权服务业产业链,是促进上海知识产权服务业全面发展的重要保证。上海知识产权服务业产业链系多维产业链总体结构,包括分工链、政策链、服务链、知识信息链、价值链,细分为上、中、下游诸行业。     

产业生态变革机遇下上海移动物联网产业发展对策

上海拥有完善的通信基础设施、关键行业的龙头地位、海量的数据优势和丰富的应用场景,已占据移动物联网新赛道的有利位势,但综合领跑地位尚未形成,在发展格局、产业链联动与关键竞争力等方面仍有诸多短板问题亟待破解.面临移动物联网发展契机,上海需要进一步明晰其巨大市场纵深,依托行业坚实基础,率先发动、精准发力,凸显产业格局特色、树立标杆场景引领、巩固关键环节地位、优化提升发展环境,加速确立国内移动物联网综合生态领跑地位.     

上海应对全球供应链变化趋势打造“战略链接”的思路和对策

上海要顺应全球产业链供应链变化趋势,加快培育一批高位势、高能级的链主领军企业和标志性产业链,增强在关键领域和战略环节的自主可控能力和国际联通水平,通过更好地引领国内区域分工协作和现代产业体系建设增强发展韧性,通过更好地融入全球分工合作和经贸格局调整增强发展弹性,持续不断地巩固对内对外开放的枢纽和龙头地位,打造成为“走出去”的最好跳板、“引进来”的前沿阵地、国内国际双循环的战略链接。     

上海产业数字化转型的现实基础和路径选择

上海产业数字化转型应紧紧抓住地方优势和特色,以数字化人才建设为基础,全面提升政府数字治理体系和数字管理能力,发挥好浦东社会主义现代化建设引领区的先试先行作用,积极推进上海大数据中心赋能制造业产业数字化转型,充分发挥产业园区的企业集聚作用和平台联通功能,对传统企业数字化转型进行引导、服务和管理,进一步形成产业数字化的应用场景。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.