福利获得、健康状况与城市老年人的主观幸福感——基于南京、成都、天津和兰州四城市的问卷调查

老年人的主观幸福感是反映其老年生活质量的重要指标。基于南京、成都、天津和兰州四城市的问卷调查,研究发现健康状况和福利获得对老年人的幸福感有显著影响。健康状况对城市老年人的幸福感有着积极的作用,不良的健康状态对城市老年人幸福感有负面的影响。对福利获得变量来说,社区福利的获得能够促进老年人的幸福感的提升,社会救助福利的获得对老年人的幸福感有负面的影响,医疗和养老保险对老年人的幸福感没有显著的影响。要提升城市老年人的主观幸福感,需要重视居民健康和福利获得这两个方面。     

我国城市住房中的结构性矛盾

城市住房问题是世界性难题,无论发达国家还是发展中国家,在经济发展过程中都曾经或正在经历这一难题。我国改革开放30多年来,伴随经济的飞速发展,各种城市问题蜂拥而至,其中城镇住房问题相当突出。在现代社会,住房在经济生活中的重要性是其他商品所无法比拟的,不仅直接关系着每一个居民生活居住的福利水平及财富持有,还关     

进城农民工市民化:现状、进展与改革建议

本文首先利用2001、2005和2010年"中国城市劳动力调查"数据,描述进城农民工在就业、社会保障和居住等方面与城市本地居民的差距及其变化趋势;然后从政策法规方面,阐述进城农民工市民化的主要进展;最后,从户籍制度、子女教育、住房保障和人力资本提升等方面,提出进一步推动进城农民工市民化的政策建议。     

户籍,请别再折磨我

户籍制度:调整,还是革新? 我国的户籍制度一直被人们视为造成我国城乡二元结构的罪魁祸首.自1958年1月9日颁布<中华人民共和国户口登记条例>之后,户籍制度就在不动声色之间悄然改变着城乡两地几代居民的生活状况,甚至在不断强化着人们对城乡居民身份的认知和定位,也在摧毁着各类外来人口特别是农村进城打工人员对自身价值的判断标准.     

城市社区文化建设的发展思路

社区作为城市中的基层组织,它的文化建设水平在一定程度上反映着城市的文化发展水平.社区文化是一种地域性的群众文化形态,它的文化行为的构成体现了社区居民的价值观、文化传统、社会心态以及审美情趣.搞好社区文化建设,有利于提高居民的精神境界,满足居民的精神需求,提高居民的文化素质,增强城市的综合竞争力,为经济发展和社会进步提供精神动力和智力支持,使城市快速持久地发展下去.     

城乡差别与养老方式选择

首先,城市与农村的经济发展水平不同,因而社会分工程度也不同。城市社会化分工水平远远高于农村。商业、服务业所提供的消费涉及到了居民生活的方方面面,大部分生活所需都能在家庭之     

祖国大陆和香港社区照顾模式比较

从70年代开始，“社区照顾”作为一种服务设计和提供的形式逐渐在西方福利国家流行。在华人社会，邻里互助自古就有重要的位置。香港是一个由移民组成的社会，一向重视街坊组织和志愿福利机构为区内居民服务。祖国大陆解放后，农村和城市社区亦承担了不少的福利工作。特别在1987年，民政部大力提倡“社区服务”，为此项工作开拓了广阔的前景。本文试就祖国大陆和香港的社区照顾经验作一比较。概会及政茉上的演变社区照顾本身的意思十分模糊，不同的人有不同的理解。首先，何谓“社区”，就没有公认的定义，而且，与社区照顾有关的还有很多概…     

我国房地产契约问题和制度完善的思考

随着我国经济的高速发展．我国居民的基本需求已经从满足吃、穿、用发展到住和行两大方面的商品需求。从“住”的需求来看．自从1999年国家停止福利分房．实行住房商品化以来．居民对城市住宅的需求日益激增．使城市住宅成为近10年来价格持续上升的“坚挺”商品。由于土地资源的有限性和人口众多导致的住房需求的刚性．我国房地产业并未展现出“买方”市场的特征．     

社区服务——现状审视与未来发展前瞻

中国社会福利制度的改革是以提出并推行“社会福利社会化”得以突破和推进的,而在这一思路指导下的最重要举措则是对社区服务的倡导.推行与发展.至今社区服务已经过了十年的发展,取得了非常显著的成就,在保障城市特殊困难对象和广大居民群众的基本生活权益、满足他们的各种福利服务需求和生活服务需求方面发挥了重要作用,有力地推动了城市社会保障体系和社会化服务体系的建立与健全,促进了城区的社会主义精神文明建设.     

城市理性发展与城市人居环境质量提升

城市发展中的人居环境质量问题 近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市化水平不断提高,城市人口规模和用地规模急剧增长.世界各国城市化历程表明,合理的城市化进程引导农村人口向城镇集中,对于提高土地集约利用水平和提高居民生活质量具有积极意义.     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

Evaluation of the location of cities in terms of land cover on the example of Poland

Urban Ecosystems - The increasing availability of remote sensing materials of varying spatial resolution inclines to look for methods enabling their use, both at planning the spatial structure of...     

Content-masking methods as determinants of results of studies of nonverbal communication

The present study was designed to determine whether the technique used to control the semantic content of emotional communications might influence the results of research on the effects of gender, age, and particular affects on accuracy of decoding tone of voice. Male and female college and elementary school students decoded a 48-item audio tape-recording of emotional expressions encoded by two children and two college students. Six emotions — anger, fear, happiness, jealousy, pride and sadness — were expressed in two types of content-standard messages, namely letters of the alphabet and an affectively neutral sentence. The results of the study indicate that different methods for controlling content can indeed influence the results of studies of determinants of decoding performance. Overall, subjects demonstrated greater accuracy when decoding emotions expressed in the standard sentence than when decoding emotions embedded in letters of the alphabet. A technique by emotion interaction, however, revealed that this was especially true for the purer emotions of anger, fear, happiness and sadness. Subjects identified the less pure emotions of jealousy and pride relatively more accurately when these emotions were embedded in the alphabet technique. The implications of these results for research concerning the vocal communication of affect are briefly discussed.Preparation of this article was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.     

摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁背景分析

2011年7月2日,摩洛哥通过新宪法修改草案,确定柏柏尔语同阿拉伯语并列为摩洛哥的官方语言。自1956年独立后,摩洛哥官方语言政策经历了阿拉伯语独尊的"一元化"以及阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语并重的"二元化"两大阶段的发展和变迁。本文结合摩洛哥柏柏尔文化运动的发展状况,对摩洛哥政府放弃单一化、采取多元化官方语言政策的政治和文化背景进行分析,揭示官方语言政策与语言权利、话语权和国民身份认同等要素之间的互动关系,并从国内、地区和国际局势等层面分析摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁的影响。