狭义退休和广义退休：分立、转化与融合

工业社会以来的退休,是老年收入保障体系与劳动关系的结构耦合下,劳动者以年老为标志退出生产活动的社会系统。伴随养老金制度与劳动关系结构的交互演变,工业国家的退休在其历史进程中呈现出正规劳动关系下的狭义退休、非正规劳动关系下的广义退休、正规和非正规劳动关系交织下的多元退休三种形态。狭义退休是工业国家在福利国家体制下正规劳动关系结构与公共养老金共同作用下使达到特定年龄的劳动者解除劳动合约的社会建构。随着福利国家转型,正规劳动关系开始松散、非正规劳动逐步增加、多元化老年收入保障机制广泛建立,使退休从狭义走向广义。受老龄化、全球化、信息化驱动的生产方式转型和劳动关系结构深度转型的影响,狭义退休和广义退休的转化与融合使退休进一步走向多元化,表现为退休的非标准化和灵活退休机制的探索。退休的建构和转型是多系统演化的结果,处理退休建构转型过程中经济契约、政治契约、社会契约的耦合关系是难点所在。     

延迟退休，你同意吗？

近日，腾讯网对延迟领取养老金问题进行了网络调查，98％的人不愿意延迟退休，96％的人反对推迟退休年龄。 与“先富后老”的发达国家不同，还没富裕起来的中国已快步进入了老龄化社会。辛苦半辈子的工薪族对虽然微薄但几乎是全部生活来源的养老金需求更为迫切，也对公平问题更加敏感。在与之相关的社保、劳动关系尚未理顺前，贸然延迟退休很可能是压倒希望的最后一根稻草。     

中国古代的退休制度

退休制度在中国是自古有之,而由于中国长期以来是“官本位”之国,各项政治制度的设置,基本上是围绕各级官员进行,所以古代退休制度主要也就是官员的退休制度。     

关于国有企业退休人员人事档案社会化管理的探索

国有企业退休人员社会化管理是进一步保障国有企业退休人员晚年生活和提高生活质量的重要举措,而推进国有企业退休人员人事档案社会化管理是完善退休人员社会化管理的必经之路。从近两年对国有企业退休人员实行社会化管理所取得的成效不难看出,实行退休人员社会化管理既有助于国有企业“减负”,又让退休人员享受到退休后的“第二青春”。而国有企业退休人员人事档案的社会化管理,既可以保护退休人员的合法权益,又可以让他们在热爱的领域发挥余热,为促进社会和谐稳定发挥积极作用。     

中医告诉你该多少岁退休

目前社会上对于延迟退休年龄的议论比较多，那么，如果我们从中医养生的角度出发，到底多大年龄退休比较合适呢？国家正根据人口问题、就业状况、不同利益群体的诉求在全面、慎重、积极地研究延迟退休问题。我国现行的退休制度是，工人退休年龄规定是男性55周岁、女性50周岁，公务员、职工等规定是男性60周岁、女性55周岁，危险特殊工种可以提前5年退休；     

趣说中国古代退休制度

退休制度在中国是自古有之,而由于中国长期以来是“官本位”之国,各项政治制度的设置,基本上是围绕各级官员进行,所以古代退休制度主要也就是官员的退休制度。     

弹性退休制值得期待

针对此前学界关于“通过延长退休期应对人口红利结束”的建议,国家发改委规划司副巡视员周南做客中国网络电视台时表示,为应对人口老龄化,我国将探索弹性退休制度。     

先解决同龄退休，再讨论延迟退休

近来，关于退休政策改革的问题在媒体上讨论得沸沸扬扬，绝大多数甚至90％以上的人不同意延迟退休，这种“延迟退休”的讨论显然掩盖了“同龄退休”的问题。争取“男女同龄退休”的政策和权利，中国妇女为之奋斗了20多年，至今还没有获得突破性的进展。     

媒体发文七问弹性退休制

弹性退休制度：政府规定一个退休年龄段区间（比如55岁到60岁）．员工可以根据自身情况在这个年龄段选择合适的时间点办理退休手续，领取养老金。弹性退休制是一种可以让男女在退休年龄上有选择权的制度，如男女有个共同退休年龄的下限，50岁或55岁到这个年龄可选择退休；同时也设置上限年龄，比如男女都是60岁，让男女都有机会在上下限之间有选择的权利。     

谈谈如何做好已退休妇女的思想政治工作

作为运输管理系统的妇女工作者,应充分认识做好新形势下已退休妇女工作的重大意义,紧紧认识做好新形势下已退休妇女工作的重大意义,紧紧围绕党委和政府的工作大局,进一步增强对已退休妇女工作的主动性、时代性、科学性、针对性、先进性和时效性,努力推动退休妇女工作再上新台阶.     

Women and Economic Security in Retirement:Implications for Social Security Reform

Gender-related parenting roles lower incomes of women during the working-age years and in retirement years. National retirement income programs contribute to this gender-related difference in retirement income to the degree that they consider lifetime earnings in calculating benefits. This article examines two national pension systems: those of Australia and Sweden. The pension systems of these two countries often are considered as the extremes of pension generosity, and they are based upon different philosophies about the role of government in insuring against economic risk. Due to fiscal issues and the changing roles of women in the labor market, both have reformed their systems. How system reforms can balance the role of the government in insuring against income risk and the growing financial independence of women in the work force are discussed.     

Retirement Residences

No abstract available for this article.     

Retirement Villages

No abstract available for this article.     

Retirement Subdivisions

No abstract available for this article.     

Retirement:

Stressful life events have been proposed as a possible cause of elder abuse. This study investigates the influence of retirement status on marital conflict and physical violence using a nationally representative sample of 1238 respondents aged 55 years and older. No significant differences were found between retired men and women compared to their nonretired counterparts on measures of depression, stress, marital conflict, and violence. Future research should examine other life events, such as serious illness of one partner or changes in living situation, that might have a more significant impact on marital discord in later life.     

Retirement New Towns

No abstract available for this article.     

The Retirement Community Phenomenon

No abstract available for this article.     

Gradual Retirement in Germany

While nearly all developed nations have some form of attendance allowance for the elderly and disabled, the United Kingdom and several of the American states have provisions to pay caregivers directly if they are family members. This paper compares and contrasts provisions in the U.K. Invalid Care Allowance with provisions of a program in one American state-Michigan. Such payments potentially benefit disabled people, caregivers, and cost-conscious states. However, two particular goals shape the programs' impacts on caregiver functioning and adequacy. One is the extent to which programs operate as welfare provisions and benefits directed at the social or household economy. The other is the extent to which they function as a substitute for wage labor in the market economy. Each of these can be assessed in relation to the real, personal choices and economic gains it provides caregivers. Presumably, both are important in sustaining adequate and satisfying long-term care. Only by truly expanding choice as well as capacity can governments expect to effectively sustain an optimal mix of care provision in the community.