基于体制创新的“城市病”治理路径研究——问题导向式公共管理的视角

"城市病"的治理离不开公共管理政策的治理或引导,政府管理也不可或缺对问题的深入分析,公共管理与城市研究的交叉融合是学科发展的新趋势。本文从问题导向管理的角度,以"城市病"治理中的问题导向公共管理模式为切入点,尝试探寻城市问题解决中的公共管理体制创新路径。研究表明,"城市病"的本质特征与发展趋势决定了其对问题导向式公共管理的需求,问题导向式的公共管理模式应首先确立以问题为中心的管理体系,以解决问题为目标,以问题为中心分析和组织日常管理工作,并把公共组织的考核、评估和问题治理效果相结合。     

“干系人”在政府绩效管理中的应用

政府作为国家的行政机关,其管理能力越来越成为综合国力的决定力量之一。但是,政府绩效管理的实际情况又不同于一般的企业绩效管理,关注公共价值、不以盈利为目的、评价主体多样性等特殊因素的存在,使得政府绩效管理成为一项十分复杂的工作。本文结合作者在国有企业推行＂KPI＋SS＂绩效管理体系的经验,从战略的视角出发,结合目标管理的理念,引入＂干系人＂的管理元素,采用KPI评分的考评方式,对政府管理机构的组织和个人的工作业绩进行评估,揭示工作中存在的问题,制订改进计划,提升工作能力。     

美国标杆管理法成功经验对我国政府绩效评估的启示

本文首先介绍标杆管理法的形成过程,并结合美国俄勒冈州政府绩效中标杆管理的成功案例,来阐述西方国家政府绩效评估的成功做法对我国建设服务型政府、政府职能转变、改革行政审批制度及再造政府业务流程的启示。     

国有企业绩效管理体系构建问题探讨

绩效管理是将企业战略与经营目标转化为行动,进而实施执行、监控、评价、改进的过程。绩效管理的重要之处在于企业通过培训、沟通、指导、辅导、反馈等方式持续改进员工绩效,以实现卓越绩效。一个科学、合理、完善的绩效管理体系有助于实现企业效益与员工绩效,实现组织与个人的双赢。
　　一、企业实施绩效管理的作用及意义
　　绩效管理是企业战略执行的重要载体,是企业提升管理水平的重要手段。绩效管理在人力资源管理中处于核心地位,对企业人员配置、招聘选拔、培训开发、薪酬管理等模块功能发挥有着积极的促进作用,更对企业战略目标落地、管理水平提升起着重要作用。其作用表现在几个方面。一是它将员工工作目标与企业战略紧密结合在一起,把企业战略层层分解,形成各级员工目标,保证双方目标的一致性,共同发展;二是促使管理者和被管理者加强沟通,提升职业及管理素养,增强凝聚力和执行力;三是不断发现问题,寻找差距,扬长避短,实现组织及个人绩效的持续改进;四是借绩效管理,不断推动企业精细化、精益化管理程度。     

中外企业绩效管理的比较研究及对策探析

绩效管理在人力资源管理中处于核心地位,也是我国企业管理制度配套改革中的重要环节。我国企业在绩效体系设置、程序执行、管理思路等方面存在明显问题,成为影响绩效水平提升的风险因素。因此,升级绩效管理制度,建立符合企业实际的绩效管理体系,是企业制度改革的重大战略任务和目标。     

红仁食品公司的战略绩效管理体系

为什么有些企业的各个部门明明建立了完备的绩效管理体系,个人也达到了考核指标,但是企业整体绩效仍未改善?问题的原因是绩效管理体系与企业的战略和目标脱节。卡普兰和诺顿发明的平衡计分卡提供了一个战略实施的框架,使公司能够将战略与绩效管理紧密联系起来。     

青岛西海岸新区发展战略指标体系设计研究

区域发展战略指标是对战略目标的细化.国内区域发展战略指标,特别是现代化评价指标的研究与应用对青岛西海岸新区发展战略指标设计有重要的借鉴意义.笔者在对青岛西海岸新区发展战略制定做出基本判断的基础上.根据新区战略定位、青岛市的战略目标以及国内其他新区的发展规划指标,提出了由15个指标构成的青岛西海岸新区发展战略指标体系,并结合青岛西海岸新区在青岛市的地位以及标杆地区的发展目标,对青岛西海岸新区发展战略指标进行了赋值.     

治理视阈下我国政府绩效评估法治化分析

新公共管理运动中最为重要的部分之一就是绩效管理改革,其目的是监督以及推动政府机构及其工作人员行使职能。在治理理论逐步兴盛的同时,绩效管理改革也肩负起了时代赋予它的神圣使命。政府绩效评估作为一种新的公共管理手段,对政府的行为予以客观性评判,迫使政府向法治化方向发展。而本文旨在分析政府绩效评估法治化建设过程,为我国政府从治理到法治再到善治提供参考。     

基于平衡计分卡的企业战略与绩效管理探析——以V公司构建平衡计分卡体系为例

本文以V公司的平衡计分卡设计作为研究案例,应用平衡计分卡管理理论和体系,探析平衡计分卡在V公司企业战略与绩效评估中的具体实施,通过详细分析其设计理念、层次和具体衡量标准,了解平衡计分卡管理如何从资源调配、绩效管理、成长发展等角度提升企业的战略水平,进而发掘平衡计分卡在企业设计并实现战略目标的具体过程中的作用和价值,具有普遍的实践意义。     

基于平衡计分卡的企业战略与绩效管理探析——以V公司构建平衡计分卡体系为例

本文以V公司的平衡计分卡设计作为研究案例,应用平衡计分卡管理理论和体系,探析平衡计分卡在V公司企业战略与绩效评估中的具体实施,通过详细分析其设计理念、层次和具体衡量标准,了解平衡计分卡管理如何从资源调配、绩效管理、成长发展等角度提升企业的战略水平,进而发掘平衡计分卡在企业设计并实现战略目标的具体过程中的作用和价值,具有普遍的实践意义。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.