进一步完善上海郊区农民基本公共服务政策研究

由于长期以来存在的城乡二元结构,目前上海郊区农村在公共服务方面欠账依然较多,城乡公共服务水平仍有较大差距,农村地区的社会保障、义务教育、医疗卫生、公共文化等服务水平相对落后。上海必须从构建全球城市的宏观背景和实现＂四个率先＂的要求出发,坚持城乡统筹和区域协调发展,以基本公共服务均等化为基本导向,顺应城镇体系规划的调整和城市化进程的要求,进一步完善服务设施布局和资源配置,加快形成＂政府主导＂、＂多元供给＂、＂层次分明＂、＂重点突出＂的郊区农村公共服务供给格局。     

上海城乡统筹发展的路径和突破口研究

上海城乡二元结构的深层次问题突出表现为:城乡居民收入差距仍然明显,促进农民增收的难度加大;郊区人口持续导入,对公共服务和社会管理的要求提高;农村土地和产权制度改革滞后,深化改革的条件尚不成熟;郊区城市化进程加速,管理体制和管理模式亟待转变;新城和小城镇等城乡统筹载体建设有待加强。上海城乡统筹发展要牢牢把握公共服务均等化、发展成果共享化、发展权利平等化内涵,坚持以城带乡、城乡一体、互动发展,以推进新型城市化战略为主攻方向,以加强城乡规划一体化为前提,以加快新城开发建设为突破口,以土地管理、集体产权、社会管理制度改革为支撑,以基本公共服务均等化为着力点,大力推进工业向园区集中、居住向社区集中、农业向规模经营集中,努力实现优化农村土地资源配置方式、优化城乡资源要素流动方式、优化城乡统筹发展方式,推进城乡一体化发展。     

城乡公共服务均等化现状调查分析——基于对张家口市赤城县实地考察

实现城乡公共服务均等化,切实提高农村地区的公共服务供给水平,不仅可以提高农民的生活水平,并且对于维护社会稳定、促进国民经济持续、快速、健康发展也有很大的作用。本次社会实践通过对张家口市赤城县的实地考察,详细了解赤城县城乡公共服务均等化的基本现状,通过总结现状、分析原因提出了一些建设性意见供参考,本次社会实践对赤城县城乡公共服务建设具有重要的现实意义。     

关于建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制研究

建立上海郊区差别化管理体制机制的总体思路是:以主体功能区划分为基础,根据各区(县)不同的主体功能和开发任务,实施差别化政策;按照"二级市"的要求,简政放权,增强郊区自主发展权和统筹协调权;适度调整市、区财政分配体制,使郊区各区(县)事权与财权相匹配;建立和完善财政转移支付、土地利用激励、财政激励、生态发展激励和绩效考核五大机制,促进郊区差别化管理,增强郊区统筹协调发展的能力;实施"强镇扩权",创新郊区基层管理体制机制,增强郊区发展活力。上海建立郊区差别化管理体制机制,还需适当调整郊区城市建设标准、制定全市统一的公共服务资源配置和设施建设标准、增加郊区人口导入区城市管理和公共服务资源配置、规范简政放权的工作机制。     

论城市财政体制与不同群体间基本公共服务均等化问题

通过体制机制创新促进不同群体享有均等化的基本公共服务是建立现代财政制度的重要内容。上海应以深化城市财政体制改革为契机,坚持以人民为中心的改革原则,聚焦短板弱项,坚持系统思维,构建长效机制,进一步优化财政支出结构,增强支出责任与财政事权匹配力度,完善基本公共服务保障标准,建立健全多元协同供给机制,切实促进不同群体间基本公共服务均等化,推动共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。     

家庭代际结构变化对社会公共服务体系构建的影响

家庭是社会的基本单元,其现状和变动对社会经济发展会产生直接而深远的影响。近20年来,上海的家庭代际结构发生了诸多变化。其表现在户均人口数持续缩小、空巢老人家庭数量增多、家庭代际关系发生变化、家庭模式呈现多样化等方面,这些都对上海的社会公共服务提出了新的需求和挑战。上海应在"政府支持引导、社区积极参与、供给主体多元、引入市场竞争"的总体思路下构建上海社会公共服务新体系;要优化社区养老模式,大力发展养老服务产业,培育公益性的社区公共服务组织,推进养老服务专业化队伍建设,发展幼托照护及教育事业。     

基于WebGIS上海基本公共服务体系动态管理系统研究

上海应运用技术手段,创新社会管理方法,构建基本公共服务动态管理与评估系统,使系统在现有的电子政务系统基础上,在WebGIS支持下,整合人口信息、空间信息和基本公共服务信息,动态监测基本公共服务运行状况,为上海基本公共服务体系的管理、评估、规划提供科学有效的决策支持。     

赤城县城乡公共服务概况分析——以赤城县尤家沟村和三山村为例

公共服务均等化是指政府为社会公众提供基本的、在不同阶段具有不同标准的、最终大致均等的公共产品和服务。为城乡居民提供均等化的公共服务,是缩小城乡差距、实现社会公平的重要途径。本次调研通过对张家口市赤城县尤家沟村和三山村进行实地调研考察,了解基本情况,进行分析总结并提出一些合理的建议以提高当地城乡公共服务均等化的水平。     

辽宁城镇化进程中基本公共服务均等化建设的现状及问题研究

推进基本公共服务均等化是加快辽宁城镇化步伐和促进城乡统筹发展的直接动力,同时也是辽宁保障和改善民生、全面建设小康社会的重战略任务。虽然,辽宁省的基本公共服务体系建设取得了一些成绩,但是辽宁省基本公共服务供给不足、发展不平衡的矛盾仍然十分突出,实现基本公共服务均等化仍然面临许多困难和挑战。     

破解城乡二元体制对公共服务均等化的制约路径探析

本文通过对城乡公共服务的现状进行分析,提出我国农村人口基数巨大和城乡体制分割是导致公共服务非均等化的两个关键原因,在此基础上提出坚持城乡统筹发展原则,适当调整城乡人口结构,适时取消城乡户籍制度等路径以期缓解城乡二元体制对公共服务均等化的制约。     

The duty to care and the need to split

This paper arises out of psychoanalytically oriented consultancy to teams of staff in the helping professions where there is a statutory 'duty to care'. It takes as its premise the seemingly paradoxical hypothesis that workers may need to split off part of their emotional experience in order to preserve their own mental health and provide reliable services to their clients. I argue that while a professional 'duty to care' requires us to be emotionally 'in touch', the demands of our clients together with the demands of the institutional response to the 'duty to care' cause us to split off parts of our awareness. I also argue that provided the splitting does not become extreme we are doing no more or less than the rest of society. In other words, there is a degree of 'normal splitting' which numbs our awareness of danger and destructiveness and seeks to protect us from too much anxiety and pain. Yet if professional workers are charged with the responsibility of assessing risk and acting accordingly for the protection of all concerned they need ways of being 'in touch' (re-integrating the splits) for some or enough of the time. Finally, I will describe ways of being 'in touch', illustrating the difficulty and the pain of re-integrating the splits and some of the insights that can arise out of this work with examples from my consultancy work.     

Power and Shame: Reply to Mark Blechner and to Ruth Stein

I touch briefly on my own experience of shame as triggered by what my discussants have written. I look at how shame and power interact in psychoanalytic discourse, examine their play in relation to questions of aggression and activity, and refer as well to what I am calling “an ethics of relativism.” Cautioning against uncritical binary thinking, I conclude that, if we forget the intimacy of good and bad, we are going to write jouissance, that site of extremity and transcendence where pain and pleasure are indistinguishable, right out of our sexual lives. And, if we do that, we are once again going to write sexuality out of psychoanalysis.     

Using Photovoice to Empower Youth and Adults to Prevent Crime

Photovoice empowers residents to use photographs to identify neighborhood concerns. Although Photovoice has been used to facilitate dialogue and action among residents to address a variety of issues, including neighborhood crime, it has not been used as part of an intervention to promote collective efficacy. This project integrated Photovoice into a crime-prevention program the goal of which was to facilitate collective efficacy, which. in turn, has been associated with lower levels of neighborhood crime and violence. Twenty-four racially diverse youth and adults participated in a crime-prevention training where Photovoice was used first to identify neighborhood characteristics that participants believed contributed to and alleviated crime, and then to develop a community project. Participants worked together to reuse a highly visible vacant lot to create an inviting neighborhood art and garden space that was open to the whole community. This process facilitated stronger social ties among neighborhood residents, as well as strategies for intervening in neighborhood problems, both of which are important components of collective efficacy.     

A note on willingness to pay and willingness to accept

In a recent paper Loehman (1991) derives some relationships between measures of benefit for nonmarket goods. This note presents some remarks on Loehman's methodology, several results, if the good considered is normal, and an extension to the case of pollution, i.e. public bads.I would like to thank an unknown referee for helpful comments.