阿瑟·米勒戏剧《推销员之死》的情态系统分析

系统功能语言学中,韩礼德认为语言具有三大元功能:概念功能、人际功能以及语篇功能。其中人际功能主要由语气系统和情态系统来体现。阿瑟·米勒是美国最杰出的戏剧大师之一,被誉为"美国戏剧的良心",《推销员之死》是米勒于1949年写的揭露美国梦瑕疵的一本书,本文将利用情态系统来对戏剧《推销员之死》进行分析。     

系统功能语法视角下美国新闻发言人语言特点研究

本文主要以系统功能语法为理论依据,通过借助网络、电视媒体发布的新闻媒体实录搜集美国新闻发言人语言的语料,按照Halliday系统功能语法对语料进行具体分析,目的在于通过美国新闻发言人语言的具体分析,总结出美国新闻发言人的语言特征,从而为完善我国新闻发言人制度提供借鉴,启发我国新闻发言人在新闻发布会的语言运用。     

雨水新用途

美国：就地滞洪蓄水 美国的雨水利用常以提高天然入渗能力为目的。在芝加哥市兴建了地下隧道蓄水系统,以解决城市防洪和雨水利用问题。其他很多城市还建立了屋顶蓄水和由入渗池、井、草地、透水地面组成的地表回灌系统。美国不但重视工程措施,而且还制定了相应的法律法规对雨水利用给予支持。如科罗拉多州、佛罗里达州和宾夕法尼亚州分别制定了《雨水利用条例》。     

阿瑟·米勒戏剧《推销员之死》的情态系统分析

系统功能语言学中,韩礼德认为语言具有三大元功能:概念功能,人际功能以及语篇功能。其中人际功能主要由语气系统和情态系统来体现。阿瑟·米勒是美国最杰出的戏剧大师之一,被誉为"美国戏剧的良心",《推销员之死》是米勒于1949年写的揭露美国梦瑕疵的一本书,本文将利用情态系统来对戏剧《推销员之死》进行分析。     

美国警察概况

美国单单联邦警察就超过了80多种，各个州都有自己的州警察，各个地方政府也有自己的地方警察，美国警察拥有如此庞大复杂的系统。在美国警察系统中，这么多警察互不隶属，相互独立，各司其职，共同维护美国的安全与稳定。     

多媒体时代VS．注意力分散

调查数据显示,美国儿童每天大约有8个半小时是在电视机、游戏机和电脑之前度过的。他们是否正在丧失集中精神的能力?他们是否正在将其大脑发展成为“多任务处理”系统而不是“单一任务处理”系统?这些问题是由美国恺撒家庭基金会近期进行的有关研究中提出     

全面创新,构筑新世纪的天津城市道路交通体系--美国城市发展与交通建设的启示

一、美国城市发展和交通建设的启示如果要用我们今天的标准来衡量美国的城市道路交通建设的话,用一句话来概括最为恰当,那就是:美国的城市交通充分体现了快速、便捷、舒适、低公害的特征,又处处体现出以人为本的思想。美国的城市交通可以用几个“最”来描述,即:设施标准最合理、系统最安     

食品安全的第一道门槛——饮水

各国政府对保障饮用水的质量安全,有许多成功的经验,也有一些教训。美国:年投入过百亿美国早在1974年就通过了《美国安全饮用水法》,对公共饮水供水系统进行规范。该法律于1986年和1996年两次修改,形成了"饮用水水源保护、工作人员培训、改进水系统     

从批评话语分析角度解读2015年美国国情咨文

批评话语分析旨在探究语言、权力与意识形态之间的关系。本文运用批评话语分析的方法,以系统功能语言学作为理论基础,从语气和情态角度对2015年的美国国情咨文进行批评话语分析,旨在探索美国国情咨文如何通过语言传达权力与意识形态,影响大众认知。     

中美国家机场系统对比研究

机场系统是航空运输系统的重要组成部分,机场系统运行效率的高低直接影响着航空运输量的大小。文章从机场系统管理体制、投资状况、机场定性、机场的管理方式和运行机制与机场的“市场化”等方面,对中美国家机场系统进行了详细论述,并在此基础上对我国的机场系统管理提出了一些合理化建议。     

Ergonomics and workplace design: application of Ergo-UAS System in Fiat Group Automobiles

Since 2008 Fiat Group Automobiles has introduced Ergo-UAS system for the balancing of production lines and to detect ergonomic issues. Ergo-UAS system integrates 2 specific methods: MTM-UAS for time measurement and EAWS as ergonomic method to evaluate biomechanical effort for each workstation. Fiat is using a software system to manage time evaluation and ergo characterization of production cycle (UAS) to perform line balancing and obtain allowance factor in all Italian car manufacturing plant. For new car models, starting from New Panda, FGA is applying Ergo-UAS for workplace design since the earliest phase of product development. This means that workplace design is based on information about new product, new layout, new work organization and is performed by a multidisciplinary team (Work Place Integration Team), focusing on several aspects of product and process: safety, quality and productivity. This allows to find and solve ergonomic threats before the start of production, by means of a strict cooperation between product development, engineering and design, manufacturing. Three examples of workstation design are presented in which application of Ergo-UAS was determinant to find out initial excessive levels of biomechanical load and helped the process designer to improve the workstations and define limits of acceptability. Technical activities (on product or on process), or organizational changes, that have been implemented in order to solve the problems are presented. A comparison between "before" and "new" ergonomic scores necessary to bring workstations in acceptable conditions were made.     

A Criminogenic Market Structure: the Automobile Industry*

Sociologists have come under attack for ignoring the role powerful elites play in controlling society's central master institutions by establishing policies which set structural conditions that cause other (lower level) people to commit crimes. This study suggests how one elite, automobile manufacturers, creates a “criminogenic market structure” by imposing on their new car dealers a pricing policy which requires high volume and low per unit profit While this strategy gives the manufacturer increased total net aggregate profit (by achieving economies of scale and by minimizing direct competition among oligopolist “rivals”), it places the new car dealer in a financial squeeze by forcing him to constantly free-up and continuously re-cycle capital into fixed margin new car inventory. This squeeze sets in motion a downward spiral of illegal activities which (1) inclines the new car dealer to engage in compensatory profit taking through fraudulent service operations, (2) under certain conditions, generates a “kickback” system which enables used car managers of new car dealerships to exact graft from independent used car wholesalers, and (3) forces the independent used car wholesaler into illegal “short-sales” in order to generate unrecorded cash for kickback payments.     

THE EFFECTS OF STATE AUTOMOBILE DEALER ENTRY REGULATION ON NEW CAR PRICES

This paper examines the impact of state regulations restricting entry into new car retailing. The central hypothesis is that these regulations create artificial scarcity rents for existing dealers, which are collected through higher car prices. A reduced form multiple regression model is specified with retail price as the dependent variable. The model is estimated using transactions price data for a sample of over 5,000 Chevrolet dealers and seven car lines in 1978. The results confirm the hypothesis that entry restrictions cause higher car prices.     

Car dependence in rural Scotland: transport policy,devolution and the impact of the fuel duty escalator

This paper examines dependence on the car in rural Scotland, assesses the impact of the fuel duty escalator on rural communities and discusses the role of the new Scottish Executive in shaping future rural transport policy. Questionnaires, interviews and travel diaries were used in five areas and revealed that households in rural Scotland enjoy high levels of car ownership, and that the car is used for over three-quarters of all journeys. Isolation and income levels are the most significant predictors of car use. Those living in ‘removed’ areas — i.e. locations distant from main roads and/or bus routes — are more likely to own vehicles and make a higher proportion of their journeys by car. Affluent households enjoy higher levels of car ownership, and make more journeys over greater distances by this mode than those on low-incomes. Less affluent households are also more likely to have disposed of a vehicle without replacing it, suggesting a more fluctuating dependence on the car. Although those living in rural Scotland appear to count on the car, a distinction is made between those who have no alternative (structurally dependent) and those who have alternatives but rely on their vehicles. It is difficult to predict the exact impact of the fuel duty escalator, but it is argued that the majority of households will cope with increases in the cost of motoring, while a significant minority of low income households in isolated areas will struggle to absorb the extra cost. The study highlights the need for the Scottish legislature to secure additional funding in order to sustain rural communities in the face of the rising fuel costs and suggests that an appropriate policy response might be to support isolated shops and services, i.e. subsidising alternatives to the journey as well as alternatives to the car.     

What affects customer success when bargaining for a new car? Some empirical evidence

Data about 233 new car models were collected, and a measure of customer success in bargaining for a new car (alpha) was created by computing the ratio between the discount received on the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) and the negotiable range (MSRP − dealer's car cost). One hypothesis was that customers who purchase more expensive cars succeed less in bargaining because of their higher time value. A second hypothesis was that a positive correlation between the negotiable range and alpha should exist, because of either customer incentives to bargain or dealer's bargaining strategy. Both hypotheses were supported by the data.     

修正上海私车牌照拍卖方式的建议

迄今为止,上海是全国唯一实行私人小汽车牌照拍卖方式来控制中心城区交通流量的城市。随着私人小汽车需求量的急剧增加,限量投放的上海牌照成为稀缺资源,拍卖中标价格大幅上涨。持续上升的中标价格不但增加了这项制度继续有效实施的困难和阻碍,也引发了新的不公平问题,即拍卖中标价格若无限制上涨会限制中低收入者购车用车的权利。因此,有必要在控制机动车数量、缓解城市交通拥堵这个大目标的前提下,进一步完善私车牌照拍卖方式,消除不良副作用,有效配置稀缺资源。     

Making Decisions about Parental Mental Health: An Exploratory Study of Community Mental Health Team Staff

Adult mental health problems can impact on parents, and research highlights that their children are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. In extreme cases, mental health problems are associated with a risk of fatal child abuse. Despite this, there are few studies exploring clinical decision‐making by adult mental health professionals.

‘In extreme cases, mental health problems are associated with a risk of fatal child abuse’

This study used qualitative methods to explore Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) workers' experiences of decision‐making in the interface between mental health and child welfare. Workers were interviewed about their experiences of clinical decision‐making regarding child welfare. Interviews and accounts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Influences on decision‐making were explored and triangulated with the accounts of Named Nurses for Child Protection. The findings revealed that CMHT participants were aware of their responsibilities towards children, but a complex synthesis of factors impacted on their sense‐making about risk and welfare. Three superordinate themes emerged: the tensions of working across systems; trying to balance the perceptions and feelings involved in sense‐making; and the role that interpersonal dynamics play in the understanding and management of risk. This paper focuses in particular on perceptions and feelings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘A complex synthesis of factors impacted on their sense‐making about risk and welfare’

Citing Literature

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 8

• Natalie Elizabeth Anderson, Julia Slark, Merryn Gott, Unlocking intuition and expertise: using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore clinical decision making, Journal of Research in Nursing, 10.1177/1744987118809528, 24 , 1-2, (88-101), (2019). Crossref
• Phillip Tchernegovski, Andrea E. Reupert, Darryl J. Maybery, How do Australian adult mental health clinicians manage the challenges of working with parental mental illness? A phenomenological study, Child & Family Social Work, 10.1111/cfs.12426, 23 , 3, (381-389), (2017). Wiley Online Library
• Maria Afzelius, Lars Plantin, Margareta Östman, Children of Parents With Serious Mental Illness: The Perspective of Social Workers, Practice, 10.1080/09503153.2016.1260705, 29 , 4, (293-310), (2016). Crossref
• Louise Everitt, Caroline Homer, Jennifer Fenwick, Working with Vulnerable Pregnant Women Who Are At Risk of Having their Babies Removed by the Child Protection Agency in New South Wales, Australia, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2432, 26 , 5, (351-363), (2016). Wiley Online Library
• Joe Duffy, Gavin Davidson, Damien Kavanagh, Applying the recovery approach to the interface between mental health and child protection services, Child Care in Practice, 10.1080/13575279.2015.1064358, 22 , 1, (35-49), (2015). Crossref
• Peter Sidebotham, What did you do at Work Today, Daddy?, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2357, 23 , 5, (307-310), (2014). Wiley Online Library
• Peter Sidebotham, Rethinking Filicide, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2303, 22 , 5, (305-310), (2013). Wiley Online Library
• Jane V. Appleton, Peter Sidebotham, Child Protection and Mental Health, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2220, 21 , 3, (153-156), (2012). Wiley Online Library

Volume 21 , Issue 3 May/June 2012

Pages 173-189     

Giving up the car: older women's losses and experiences.

Numerous activities, often life-long patterns, are based on driving and access to a car. When driving ceases, the challenge to change and develop new behavior patterns occurs. Women in this study had many losses and challenges to usual ways of doing things. Various coping strategies were described, including types, benefits, and potential challenges of both informal and formal helpers. Implications for health care providers include empathic awareness of the nature and extent of loss initiated by giving up driving and determining how best to support older adults in coping. More work needs to be done to develop strategies that support optimal function and ease this difficult transition for older adults.     

美国发展城市有轨公共交通近讯

介绍美国电车新制造商——布鲁克维尔公司、肯尼迪机场的架空有轨列车、来自西门子公司的低地板轻轨车辆和进入美国市场的西班牙车辆制造商CAF公司。     

上海发展定制公交的思路与方向

从目前国内公交系统的供给情况看,公交骨干网络覆盖范围有限、常规公交服务模式单一的问题仍然存在,两者之间的矛盾越来越明显,大力发展多元化公共交通已成为城市交通发展的必然趋势.定制公交是满足市民个性化需求的产物,其作为辅助公交的一种服务类型,具有"定人、定点、定时、定价、定车"的特点,通过运营时刻表、线路、停靠站、服务标准等方面的创新和优化,满足特定目标群体相对个性化的出行需求,给市民出行提供新的选择.