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1.
Hilde Coffé 《Social indicators research》2009,91(2):155-170
Recent findings indicate that more pronounced community heterogeneity is associated with lower levels of social capital. These
studies, however, concentrate on specific aspects in which people differ (such as income inequality or ethnic diversity).
In the present paper, we introduce the number of parties in the local party system as a more encompassing measure of community
heterogeneity. This builds on the argument that the number of relevant socio-economic cleavages in the population (i.e. heterogeneity)
determines the level of party system fragmentation. Using data on 307 Flemish municipalities, we find that municipalities
with a more heterogeneous population indeed have lower levels of social capital. Hence, our study endorses—and generalizes—previous
results linking community heterogeneity to lower levels of social capital.
相似文献
Hilde CofféEmail: |
2.
Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of generalized trust. Evidence from the European Social Survey (2002 and 2004) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Generalized trust features as the most prominent attitudinal element of social capital, and as such the concept is widely
used in comparative research. In this article we investigate the cross-cultural equivalence of the three-item scale on generalized
trust that is included in the European Social Survey 2002 and 2004 waves. The use of metric equivalence tests demonstrates
that these tree items can be considered as a reliable and cross-culturally valid concept. If we apply the stricter scalar
equivalence test, however, the result is that the scale is not sufficiently equivalent across European societies, with especially
the item on expecting help from others showing major problems in a number of countries. We close this article by offering
some suggestions on how the generalized trust scale might be used in a (sufficiently) reliable manner in cross-cultural research
across Europe.
相似文献
Marc HoogheEmail: |
3.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
4.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |
5.
Dirk Willenbockel 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):609-622
The article reconsiders the implications of the choice of pure social time preference for intergenerational equity in the
presence of a time-consistent utilitarian social welfare criterion. The analytic framework is a setting with overlapping generations,
lifetime uncertainty, population growth and technical progress. The analysis identifies upper and lower bounds for the feasible
range of social discount rates and draws a corresponding distinction between “gerontocratic” and “Stalinist” optimal plans.
The paper corrects a number of inaccurate propositions in a related earlier contribution by Marini and Scaramozzino (2000) to this journal.
相似文献
Dirk WillenbockelEmail: |
6.
The expanding use of resettlement as a tool for addressing environmental and poverty-related concerns in China calls for further
research into its impacts on local populations. Our knowledge of the effects of such resettlement is very limited, particularly
in relation to its social impacts. This paper examines the impoverishment risk of social disarticulation as it is experienced
by resettlers in an Inner Mongolian environmental resettlement village—Wan Sheng village. We argue that social disarticulation
as a risk of resettlement is by no means an inevitable downward spiral towards social oblivion and anomie. Resettlers, in
this case at least, have recreated a living, functioning community that provides many aspects of support for its inhabitants.
This is in spite of unfavourable construction and increased economic deprivation. It is the adaptive abilities of these resettlers
that come to the fore in Wan Sheng, suggesting aspects of rearticulation and cohesion, and not simply disarticulation.
相似文献
Mark Wang (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
8.
Reliable forecasts of life expectancies are of importance for the financial stability of social security systems and the life
insurance industry. A discrete-time stochastic process and a continuous-time stochastic process are proposed to model the
dynamics of German mortality rates from which life expectancies are calculated. More precisely, a panel data model is utilized,
which distinguishes between a common time effect and a common age effect. The model is easy to fit, yields interpretable parameters,
and allows for a simple analysis of the forecast error. The main applications of the model are the forecast of mortality rates—and
the resulting life expectancies—and the pricing of mortality derivatives.
相似文献
Rafael Schmidt (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
This paper analyzes the effects of population aging on the preferred legal retirement age. What is revealed is the crucial role that the indirect ‘macro’ effects resulting from a change in the legal retirement age play in the optimal decision. Two social security systems are studied. Under a defined contribution scheme, aging lowers the preferred legal retirement age. However, under a defined pension scheme, the retirement age is delayed. This result shows the relevance of correctly choosing the parameter affected by the dependency ratio in the design of the social security programme.
相似文献
Francisco Lagos (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +34-95-8249995 |
10.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
11.
Richard Forgette Bryan Dettrey Mark Van Boening David A. Swanson 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(1):31-44
We assess governmental and non-governmental responses to disasters using primary data of Hurricane Katrina survivors along
the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Non-governmental sources include nonprofit relief groups, faith-based organizations, and survivors’
self-identified social networks. We assess the impact of these governmental and non-governmental relief efforts on survivors’
economic, psychological, physical, and social effects from the disaster. Our results show that social isolation significantly
increases perceptions of disaster disturbance and decreases perceived rates of disaster relief. Additionally, survivors perceive
that social networks provide greater sources of psychological, financial and social disaster relief than government sources.
However, survivors’ social networks decay sharply in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, and they do not appear to fully
recover a year from the disaster. These social networks themselves are not fully resilient to a disaster.
相似文献
Richard ForgetteEmail: |
12.
Life Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bruce Headey 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):213-231
Using data from the long-running German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP), this paper provides evidence that life goals matter
substantially to subjective well-being (SWB). Non-zero sum goals, which include commitment to family, friends and social and
political involvement, promote life satisfaction. Zero sum goals, including commitment to career success and material gains,
appear detrimental to life satisfaction. Finding that conscious life goals matter can potentially make an important contribution
to SWB theory. The most widely accepted theory—set-point or dynamic equilibrium theory—essentially claims that set-points
are near-automatic consequences of hereditary characteristics, including personality traits. Life goals play no role in these
theories and major life events are viewed as having only a transitory effect. The SOEP panel data show that, over a 15–20
year period, non-trivial minorities record substantial changes in their set-points. This paper shows linkages between these
changes and (a) the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and internal locus of control and (b) choice of life goals.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
13.
This article makes use of survey data collected in 1992 and 2007 to examine the question of whether or not Postmaterialism
is gradually becoming manifest in Hong Kong and to explore the applicability of Postmaterialist theory to this affluent Chinese
society. Our findings basically support the hypotheses of the theory that the continued socioeconomic development of Hong
Kong is giving rise to a populace that is increasingly inclined towards Postmaterialism. Younger people are more Postmaterialist
than their seniors. In addition, Postmaterialists are more likely than Materialists to support the ‘new politics’ and democracy.
Nevertheless, Hong Kong is far from being a Postmaterialist society. Multivariate regression analysis also revealed that the
Materialist/Postmaterialist orientation is neither related to age nor to formative security.
相似文献
Ka-Ying WongEmail: |
14.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
15.
We study the consequences of the coexistence of different social protection systems on contribution rate levels and migration in a two-country model. Before any migration takes place, the levels of contribution rates are chosen by a representative elected in each country. The migration of each agent depends on her anticipation of other agents’ migrations. We show that the richest agents are attracted to the Bismarckian country. The poorest agents tend to migrate toward one country or the other depending on the Beveridgean country contribution rate. The Beveridgean country can set a higher contribution rate to limit the departures of rich agents.
相似文献
Emmanuelle TaugourdeauEmail: Fax: +33-2-31566260 |
16.
A ‘good society’ has recently been portrayed as one in which citizens engage in voluntary associations to foster democratic
processes. Arguably, such a good society is considered as one where people are content with their own lives as well as public
life. We consider whether participation in civil society leads to more satisfied individuals on the one hand and a better
evaluation of society at a country level on the other. With data from the first round of the European Social Survey, we illustrate
that participation in voluntary associations not only depends on individual characteristics, but that there is a clear country-level
effect on civil society. This can be explained with measures of quality of society after socio-demographic determinants have
been controlled for. Nonetheless, it remains difficult to say what comes first: a ‘good society’ or a thriving civil society.
相似文献
Florian Pichler (Corresponding author)Email: Email: |
17.
James Brumbaugh-Smith Heidi Gross Neil Wollman Bradley Yoder 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):351-387
The National Index of Violence and Harm (NIVAH) tracks levels of violence and harm in the United States and identifies trends over the study period 1995–2003. NIVAH is comprised
of nineteen variables in the areas of interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional and structural violence and harm as experienced
by people in the U.S. Two composite indexes are formed to describe overall trends in the realms of personal and societal violence.
In addition to describing the Index’s construction and most recent conclusions, various methodological issues and their impacts
on index findings are investigated.
相似文献
James Brumbaugh-SmithEmail: |
18.
An Empirical Analysis of the Interrelationship between Components of the Social Quality Theoretical Construct 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Social quality has been presented as a theory that can explain economic and social progress of the daily lives of a population.
The components of social quality include: socio-economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion and social empowerment.
The social quality perspective views people as interacting within collective identities that provide the contexts of self-realisation.
The paper tests the social quality theory by focusing on the relationship between social inclusion and social cohesion, the
notion of social relations, to socio-economic security using the context of the family as a facilitator of self-realisation.
Using data from the Israel Social Survey 2003, six indicators of socio-economic security were analysed. There was a small
but positive and significant relationship between social inclusion and socio-economic security. We found no relationship between
socio-economic security and social cohesion. These findings tend to undermine those aspects of social quality theory which
posit close connections between these elements on a conceptual level.
相似文献
Menachem MonnickendamEmail: |
19.
Transportation and Migrant Adjustment in Georgia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stephanie A. Bohon Katherine Stamps Jorge H. Atiles 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(3):273-291
Access to transportation is critical for functioning in modern American society, and minorities disproportionately lack access
to transportation. Latinos in Georgia—most of whom are newcomers to this country—are considerably less likely than non-Latino
whites to drive alone to and from work because they do not live in households with a car available for personal use. We propose
that this factor, along with limited access to alternative modes of transportation, impedes the ability of Georgia’s newest
Latino residents to adjust to their new environment. In this study, we examine the impact of limited transportation options
on the adjustment experience of recent Latino migrants to Georgia. We document how lack of personal transportation lends itself
to a number of social problems including inability to obtain different work or to take advantage of opportunities for advancement.
For Latinos who are both recent migrants to Georgia and recent immigrants to the United States, lack of transportation creates
an adjustment “bottleneck,” whereby various paths to adaptation are simultaneously impeded. We argue that improving access
to driver’s licenses, pedestrian infrastructure, and, in some places, public transportation should be a policy priority for
states adjusting to recent influxes of Latino migrants.
相似文献
Jorge H. AtilesEmail: |
20.
The article is the first attempt in assessment of the development and the present situation of social structure and stratification
in Slovakia. Its principal aim is to develop the profile of the present society in Slovakia, which reflects the pace and complexity
of the transformation process and its impact on society. Processing of Micro census data from 2003 led to creation of the
profile of society in Slovakia at the national level based on income distribution but also knowledge on regional societies
and differences between them were obtained. It was found out that the present profile of the society in Slovakia is pear-shaped
which means strong representation of lower strata and weaker representation of higher middle and high strata. The profile
disclosed some specific features and inconsistencies in the present society of Slovakia, which were, and still are determined
by many non standard past and present phenomena and processes often disguised by reforms. The information drawn in regions
has facilitated identification of the basic nature and structure of regional societies, some of their specific features and
negative elements and to demonstrate their highly differentiated character.
相似文献
Peter PodolákEmail: |