Conventions and the Market

Theroleofconventionsinrelationtothemarketisusuallyignoredinpractice,orweareunconsciousofsucharelationshipandareunabletoconsciously,intentionallyandactivelydiscerntheabilityofconventionstoguide,controlandinfluencethemarket,ortoutilizeandguidebothactiveandpassiveaspectsofconventiontoinfluencethemarket.Ontheonehand,weintroducenewmarkettheories,andpropagatemodernmarketoperatingregulations,andontheother,wefeelthattraditionalpsychology,theforceofhabit,andthecollectiveunconsciousgreat1yinfluencethesen…     

Establish and Maintain the Core Value of the Humanities and Social Sciences

ＦｏｒｔｈｅｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｓｓｕｅｏｆＳＳＩＣ ,ｉｔｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｈｉｇｈ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｊｏｕｒｎａｌａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｗｉｔｈｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ.ＩｔｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｉｄｅｏｆＣＡＳＳ ,ａｎｄｏｆｇｒｅａｔｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｏＣｈｉｎａ ｓａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｓ.Ｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｓｐｉｒｉｔｏｆａｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓ,Ｉｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ ,ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｍｏｒｅｂｙ…     

Changes in the Class and StratificationStructure and Interest Distributionin the New Epoch

SincethereformandopeningupinChinatherehavebeenmajorchangesintheclassandstratificationstructureandinterestdistribution.Suchchangeshaveraisedmanyquestions.IsthesocietyPolarized?Isthereanewbourgeoisclass?Doesamiddleclassalreadyexist?Howshoulda"well-offmass"b…     

Sustainable Development of the Population,the Economy and the Environment

TheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentwasofficiallyproposedattheWorldEnvironmentConferenceinStockholmin1972.Inl987,itwasdefinedbytheWorldEnvironmentandDevelopmentCommitteeinOurCommonFutureas"developmentthatbothsatisfiestheneedsofthemodernmananddoesnotconstitu…     

Zhang Xueliang and the Solution to the Xi'an Incident

ThesixtyyearsthathavepassedsincetheXi'anIncidenthavewitnessedagradualincreaseinknowledgeabouttheevent-However,anenormousbodyofbiographicalliteraturehasdivertedattentionfromfirsthand,archivalinformation,whichhaswidenedratherthannarrowedthegapbetweenhistoricaltruthandthosewhopursueitinrelationtoseveralissues.Forexample,theviewsofsomescholarsonGeneralZhangXueliang'soriginalpurpose,thechangeinhisattitudeduringtheperiod,andtherealprocessandresultsoftheincidentareincorrect,aswillbeshowninthisessay…     

Social Transformation and the Reformation of the Working Class

Eyal, Szelenyi and Townsley discussed in Making Capitalism without Capitalists:The New Ruling Elites in Eastern Europe one of the basic social issues in market transformation: with the elimination in the socialist revolution of the industrial capitalist class embracing the Protestant ethic on which Max Weber set such store,     

On the Position and Role of Martino Martini in the History of Cultural Exchanges Between China and the West

MartinoMartini(1614-1661),knownbytheChinesenameWeiKuangguo,andwhostyledhimselfJiTai,wasbornatTrentoinItalyandbecameaJesuitin1632.HestudiedfirstattheCollegeofRomeandwasthenassignedtoareligiouspostinChina.HearrivedinZhejiangprovincein1643(the16thyearofthereignoftheMingChongzhenemperor),andpreachedChristianityinHangzhou,Lanxiandotherplaces.In1650,hewasappointedtheagentoftheChineseJesuitmissionandwenttoRometodefendtheChineserites.WhilehewasdrummingupsupportinEurope,hepublishedthreebooksi…     

Public Spirit and the Harmonious Society

The most important task of a well-organized society is to cultivate in its people a spirit of rational cooperation and organic fellowship. Chinese society has always been known to scholars as an "ethics-based"     

Macroeconomic Regulation and the Money Supply

Thecentralissuetobegraspedinmacroeconomicregulation(hereafter,macroregulation)andcontroliswhataretherelativelimitsofthetotalvolumeofdemandandsupplyinthemarket.Becausemoneyisbothacarrierandagentofmarketdemand,thatis,itenablesdemandwithpurchasingpower,thefocusoftheregulationofdemandshouldbeontheregUlationofthemoneysupply.Thus,inthefinalanalysis,macroregulationandcontro1isanissueconcerningthelawofmoneysupply.I.MarketSupplyandDemandandtheMoneySupplyGenerallyspeaking,themoneysupplyandtotalsocial…     

Men in Nonagricultural Occupations and Women on the Land" and the Development of Women

In1985,China'sruralreformenteredanewPeriodofdeagriculturalization,i.e.,thenationalorregionaldevelopmentofnonagriculturalindustriesandthetransferoffarmlaborerstononagriculturalsectors.Theupsurgeoftownshipandvillageenterpriseshaschangedtheindustrialstructureinruralareasandprovidedemploymentopportunitiesforsurplusrurallabor.By1993,thenumberofpeopleworkingintheseenterpriseshadrisento112million,thatis,theyemployedoneofeveryfourable-bodiedpeopleinthecountryside.ThenumberofPeoplewhotransferredtothen…     

Lu Xun and the Graphic Art of the New Literature

Book covers and illustrations by Lu Xunand his artist contemporaries constitute notonly an archive of graphic design for newliterature, but also a new literature art formin themselves. The Hodge-Podge Series is aclassic example of the transition of new lit-     

On the Climatic Reasons Lying at the Basis of Choosing Chang'an and Luoyang as the Capital and Second Capital of the Tang Dy-nasty

The history of mankind and nature is toa large extent also a history of man’S relationswith the climate.Climatic variation between cold and warm has had profound impact on     

The Nationalist Government and the Creation of the United Nations

太平洋战争爆发后国民政府积极参与联合国的筹建活动,外交决策层就联合国的组织架构、运作机制以及中国在其中的地位提出了多个方案,而将确保中国的大国地位作为参与筹建联合国的首要目标。为实现这一目标,国民政府在敦巴顿橡树园会议上采取务实的方针。至旧金山会议中国的大国地位已基本确立之时,中国代表团才更多地关注联合国的组织和机制。     

Wang Yangming''''s School and the Theory of Gongfu and Benti

Benti(originalnature)andgongfu(virtueattainedbyperfection)arecategoriesfrequentlyusedbySongandMingdynastyNeo-Confucianscholars,especiallybytheschoolofWangYangming.ThesetermsdefineoneaspectoftheYangmingschool'suniqueness,andarefurthermorethepointofdeparturefordivisionandchangewithintheschool.Thisarticleattemptstoprovideapreliminarydiscussionoftherelationshipbetweenthecategoriesofbentiandgongfuandthecategoryofti-yong(substance-function),WangYangming'stheoryofbentiandgongfu,andtheprocessofdivi…     

Economic and Cultural Exchanges Between the Yuan Court and the Korai Dynasty as Evidenced by Lao Qida and Piao Tongshi

onlyariverseparatesthePeninsulaofKoreaandChina,andtherehavebeenfrequentexchangesacrossthisriversinceveryancienttimes.AtthetimetheYuandynastywasestablishedinChina,thepeninsulawasruledbytheKoraidynasty,andtherewerefrequentpolitical,economic,andculturalconta…     

The Differences and Similarities Between Mao Zedong and the Eighth Party Congresson the Principal Social Contradiotions

FormanyyearspeoplehavegenerallythoughtthattheviewsofMaoZedongandtheEighthNationalCongress(ENC)oftheChineseCommunistParty(CPC)(1956)ontheprincipalcontradictionsinsocialistsocietywerenotoriginallyidentical.Inrecentyears,somescholarsoverseashavemaintainedtha…     

Characterizations of the β- and the Degree Network Power Measure

A symmetric network consists of a set of positions and a set of bilateral links between these positions. For every symmetric network we define a cooperative transferable utility game that measures the “power” of each coalition of positions in the network. Applying the Shapley value to this game yields a network power measure, the β-measure, which reflects the power of the individual positions in the network. Applying this power distribution method iteratively yields a limit distribution, which turns out to be proportional to the well-known degree measure. We compare the β-measure and degree measure by providing characterizations, which differ only in the normalization that is used.      

Huang Fu and the Post-Tanggu Pact Negotiations

Japanesetroops,afterconqueringtheShanhaiPass(Shan-hai-kuan)andLinyuCountyin1933,advancedswiftlytooccupymuchofHebeiProvince.On31Mayofthatyear,HeYingqinandHuangFu,leadersoftheKuomintangNorthChinaauthorities,wereauthorizedbyChiangKai-shekandWangChing-wei(WangJingwei)tosignthehumiliatingTangguPactwiththeJapaneseaggressors.TheKuomintang(KMT)authoritiesthennegotiatedwiththeJapaneseonthereturnofthewarzones(i.e.,thezonesbetweenthetrucelineandtheGreatWallvacatedbytheJapanesetroopsinNorthCh…     

Soviet Reaction to the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune

To later generations, it seemed that the Soviet position was opposed to the Great Leap Forward and the people’s commune from the start. But this was not the case.First, the Soviet Union warmly supported and