基于B2B模式电子商务信用评估体系的研究

近年来电子商务发展迅速,潜在巨大的商业前景,但由于网络的虚拟性与开放性以及参与者信用的不确定性引起的信用危机成为阻碍其发展的瓶颈之一。本文在研究相关理论和数据的基础上,对B2B模式下电子商务信用体系的评估方法及诚信机制进行研究分析,探讨其理论根源。     

联想B2B电子商务模式成功因素分析

通过对联想B2B电子商务模式成功因素的分析,可以得到两点启示,一是电子商务的核心在于商务,电子技术是一种辅助手段;二是电子商务的成功实施要进行相应的管理变革。     

中小企业电子商务应用模式研究

电子商务应用模式主要有五种:企业内部网络系统;外联网系统;企业有自己的Web网站;主机托管的电子商务应用模式;网上中介型电子商务应用模式。我国中小型企业应选择适合的电子商务应用模式提供帮助。     

电子签名法律制度研究

电子商务改变了市场交易的形式,需要新的法律规范来解决原有法律规范所不能解决的许多新问题.其中,交易主体的身份确认就是迫切需要解决的一大现实问题.为此,本文提出,在我国的电子商务立法中,应基本肯定与电子交易形式相适应的电子签名的法律效力,并明确电子签名的认证问题,包括电子认证机构的设立条件和法律责任,以建立统一的认证体系,从而为电子签名的广泛应用清除障碍.     

B2B电子商务:中美的电子和服装、纺织公司研究

美国亚利桑那大学埃勒商业和公共管理学院管理信息系统副教授Ｓ .Ｓ .Ａ .撒切尔博士曾在中国大陆和香港特区、台湾省的将近 2 0 0家公司进行问卷调查 ,并访问了 3 0多家公司 ,终于在 2 0 0 2年 3月完成了题为《Ｂ2Ｂ电子商务 :中国和美国的电子和服装、纺织公司研究》的研究报告初稿。这项研究对美国、中国 (包括香港和台湾地区 )的电子和纺织、服装公司使用Ｂ2Ｂ电子商务的程度进行了调查 ,并比较了不同公司对待电子商务的态度。报告还对有可能通过有效地利用Ｂ2Ｂ技术来促进国际贸易的战略提出了建议。此项研究的目的是帮助管理者了解目…     

网络消费合同不适当履行与消费者权益保护

网络消费合同订立后履行过程中,由于经营者延迟履行,会导致消费者不能按时收到所购买的商品,造成了诸多不便。电子商务是远程交易,消费者不能实际接触货物,因此在认购商品并发出货款后,经常出现实际交付的商品与预期不一致的情形。在电子商务中还涉及到一个特殊的主体,即网络交易平台提供商。尽管它并非真正的电子商务交易主体,但又是电子商务交易活动中不可或缺的一方。因此,在经营者违约的情况下,涉及网络交易平台提供商是否应承担法律责任的问题。以上这些问题可归纳为网络消费合同不适当履行与消费者权益保护问题,对此,我国法律应规定经营者及时处理信息的义务,确立适当的最长履行期限和冷却期,明确网络交易平台提供商的地位、义务,以过错责任原则作为其承担法律责任的归责原则。     

跨境电子商务风险及防范研究

"互联网+"经济形态的出现,使得传统的货物贸易从线下交易转变为通过互联网与现代物流相结合的线上交易,进出口商品的批发、零售与电子商务紧密结合在一起。跨境电子商务逐渐成为新的贸易增长点,在对外贸易领域发挥着非比寻常的重要作用。同时,在跨境电商交易过程中也存在诸多风险。因此,研究跨境电商的风险问题有利于进出口企业预防未知风险,及早地采取应对措施,更有利于国内跨境电商的持续长久发展。     

网上交易:大型券商的困境、模式创新和策略

在发展网上交易过程中存在着传统方式与现代交易方式、技术与服务问题、成本和收益、网上交易的客观障碍等困境,对此,证券公司今后发展网上交易要:1.模式创新,2.技术与服务同步创新。网上交易将不再仅仅是交易的一种手段,而是经纪业务由传统模式转向现代化网络方式,由有形化交易转向无形化交易的推动力,将对证券公司"咨询化、智能化"战略赋予全新的内涵。     

电子商务平台经营者自营业务的民事责任

电子商务平台经营者自营业务,是其在自己提供的为电子商务交易活动服务的平台上,经营销售商品或者提供服务活动的混业经营模式。电子商务平台经营者在自营业务中,其身份地位是商品销售者或者服务提供者,而不属于平台经营者。在经营自营商品销售业务或者自营服务提供业务造成消费者损害时,电子商务平台经营者应当依照《合同法》《侵权责任法》《消费者权益保护法》《食品安全法》的规定,承担产品责任或者违约责任。应当特别强调的是,在自营服务提供业务中,电子商务平台经营者应当根据服务合同给付行为性质的不同而承担不同的责任。     

农产品电子商务发展的法律保障

随着互联网技术的发展,电子商务成为农产品销售的重要载体,目前,我国涉农网站不断增多,但我国农产品电子商务的发展现状却不容乐观,主要表现为农产品电子商务业务层次总体水平不高,农民上网比例低,上网设备少,农产品电子商务网络安全存在隐患以及农民电子网络营销观念落后等方面.为解决农产品电子商务发展过程中出现的问题,实现新农村建设目标,增加农民收入,扩大农业企业经营规模和促进中国农业经济发展的全球化进程,必须对农产品电子商务的发展进行法律保障.为此,应该通过完善维护农民经济权利、教育权利、网络安全的法律制度和相应配套的法律制度体系,转变农民农产品交易网络化的观念等方式,保证农产品电子商务的健康发展.     

Currency devaluation and trade balance: Evidence from the US services trade

This study aims to revisit the effectiveness of using currency devaluation as a policy tool to improve trade balance by estimating the exchange rate elasticities of services trade between the US and rest of the world with quarterly disaggregated services trade data from 1999 to 2015. Empirical results reveal that the impacts of currency devaluation on individual services trade are mixed and largely depend on the nature of services. Using currency devaluation to raise export services trade and reduce import services trade seems to be more effective in the long-run but not in the short-run. It is interesting to note that some individual services trades are insensitive to exchange rate changes. The estimates also reveal that most categories of services trade are income elastic and economic growth plays a key role in determining the imports and exports of services trade.     

The impact of the Doha trade proposals on farmers’ incomes in China

This paper analyzes the potential impacts of the Doha trade proposals (those of the USA, EU and G20) on agricultural production and incomes of China's farmers by region and income group. By linking a global trade model to a national policy model which itself is connected to a set of disaggregated household data, we are able to assess the effects of the proposed Doha trade liberalizations on households both at the national and regional levels. According to the results of the model, the impacts of a Doha Round agreement on households differ significantly from those of China's WTO accession. China's economy would benefit from the trade liberalization associated with the Doha Round. The overall impacts, however, are relatively minor. Although farmers will benefit at the national level, the gains among farmers vary largely by income group and province. Also, the impacts on households that produce different types of crops differ.     

Does the twin deficit hypothesis hold in the OECD countries under different real interest rate regimes?

This paper explores the validity of the twin deficit hypothesis in selected 25 OECD countries with annual data for 2005–2016 by considering different real interest rate regimes. A non-dynamic panel threshold model, introduced by Hansen (1999), is employed. The novelty of the empirical findings from the present study is that there exists a non-linear relationship between the budget deficit and the trade balance, which is driven by a critical threshold level in the real interest rates. The findings suggest that twin deficit hypothesis holds only under the low real interest rate regime, that is, rises in budget deficits lead to deteriorations in the trade balance when the real interest rate is below the threshold level. When the high real interest rate (i.e. above-the-threshold) regime is concerned, increasing budget deficits give rise to improvements in the trade balance, a finding consistent with the twin divergence hypothesis. Thus, the effect on the trade balance of an expansionary fiscal policy that worsens the budget balance reverses substantially depending on the threshold level of the real interest rates. The major policy implication of this paper is that the policy makers in the selected OECD countries should pay a greater attention to fiscal discipline in order to prevent the trade balance from worsening, because the majority of the countries fall into the low real interest rate regime over the recent years of the sample period (i.e. between 2010 and 2016).     

Hidden obstacles to trade: The case of the EU’s Ban on beef hormones

Non-tariff measures (NTMs) have become a prominent issue in trade negotiations, especially in agriculture. For trade negotiations between the EU and U.S., beef has emerged as an important topic. To export to the EU, U.S. producers face a complex series of compliance costs that occur on multiple points along the supply chain. However, the current approach to measuring NTMs does so in an abstract manner; this paper applies a more detailed, supply chain (SC) approach to measure those costs. Our analysis finds that the SC approach comprehensively accounts for the different components of NTM costs and leads to more meaningful implications for interpreting the welfare impacts of removing NTMs.     

在华FDI对我国出口贸易结构优化效应的实证分析

以我国各个省市作为横截面单元,利用各横截面单元1988－2005年的样本组成面板数据,进而建立面板数据模型来考察FDI对我国不同地区贸易结构的影响。结果表明：FDI对于我国初级产品的促进作用并不明显,而FDI对于制成品的出口具有明显的促进作用,并且这个效应因地区和时间不同而有所差异。     

Fruit safety regulations in the transatlantic region: How are Africa’s exports faring with the regulations?

The regulations of fruit trade for safe consumption are taken seriously in the EU and US markets to protect the health of the consumers, animals, plants and environmental safety, and thereby reduce health expenditures. The fruit safety regulations as trade policy measures could be either trade-promoting or -impeding. The extensiveness and intensiveness of fruit safety regulations in these markets often have consequences for exporters from Africa and their desire to attain sustainable economic development. The effects of fruit safety regulations are heterogeneous across economic agents. To this end, many stakeholders in Africa’s food system have perceived compliance with these food regulatory measures as necessary conditions to access the developed countries’ markets, particularly in the EU and US. Besides, the competitiveness of Africa’s fruit exports has been impacted by the preponderance of the measures despite its comparative advantages in the fruits sub-sector. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the EU and US sanitary and phytosanitary measures on Africa’s fruit exports. The empirical strategy involves the use of an augmented gravity model which explore the disentangling of these impact at the extensive and intensive margins of exports. Given the nature of trade data and specifically for this study, the zero trade flows are considered at both margins of exports for 45 African countries from 1995 to 2017. This study finds that the US market is more trade-impeding to Africa’s fruit exports than the EU market. Thus, Africa needs policies tweaking in the fruit value chain quality infrastructure, fruits’ quality and standards enforcement, capacity development, continuous update and modernisation of the fruits’ safety laws, directives and/or regulations. This will enhance the fruits’ quality to propel their access to the transatlantic markets.     

日美对外贸易政策的取向及启示

日本和美国的对外贸易政策是随着国内外经济环境的变化而不断地进行调整和完善的。一方面,对外贸易政策在总体趋势上呈现自由化;另一方面,又根据各自经济贸易发展的实际大力推行管理贸易。中国在对外贸易政策的选择上,既要将贸易自由化作为对外贸易政策的基本取向,更要适应国际贸易发展趋势,加大实施管理贸易的力度。     

广西与越南经贸合作研究

近年来中国及广西与越南不断深化全面合作,为推动中国—东盟自由贸易区的建设及泛北部湾合作和＂两廊一圈＂建设打下了坚实基础。随着越南和广西经贸合作的深入,广西应把重点转移到茶叶产业等八个领域上,建立广西—越南陆上跨国经济特区带,实现广西—越南双方全方位经贸合作。     

核心-外围论对中国的分析--贸易条件-贸易结构-国民经济结构分析

核心-外围论一定程度上反映了在开放的经济中发达国家和发展中国家的关系.文章从贸易条件角度,对核心-外围论进行了实证分析,并使用包括净贸易条件、收入贸易条件和要素贸易条件,对我国贸易状况进行了具体分析.贸易结构是贸易条件的重要影响因素,而贸易结构是依附于生产结构的,经济或生产结构决定了贸易结构的合理程度.文章在此基础上分析核心-外围论在中国的适用性及其意义.     

国际贸易的文化解读

文化是国际贸易中的重要内生要素,把握国际贸易需要从文化视角进行解读。商品是价值、使用价值和文化价值的统一体,国际贸易实质上也是商品文化价值的交换过程;文化差异是国际贸易产生的重要根源和依据;文化比较优势是推动国际贸易的增长和发展的现实动力。这一研究为我国新时期国际贸易的发展提供了新的视角和新的启示。