论康德自在之物不可知及其意义

康德哲学一方面高扬主体性,使主体成了其对象世界的构造者,另一方面又以自在之物限定了主体,因为作为现象的基础,自在之物是永远不显现、不可知的,因而也就成了认识主体的界限.对认识主体的限制虽然突现了人的有限性,但并不是对人的贬低,相反,留下了自在物恰恰给人留下了希望.因为自在物作为完整性和统一性的存在.它在任何时候都在提示我们:我们生活于其中的世界并不仅仅是我们所认识到的那样,我们的生活世界还有其他可能性.对自在之物的觉悟、思想会使我们具有能从眼下生活与眼下世界摆脱出来的超越性眼光,从而展开新的希望.     

企业生态道德责任正当性的马克思主义实践观分析

对任何行为正当性的考察都离不开对行为者以及行为本身的考察。同样,企业履行生态道德责任的正当性也与企业自身身份的性质和企业活动本身的性质相关。根据马克思主义实践观,企业履行生态道德责任既与企业作为实践主体的本质和特性相一致,也与企业生产活动作为实践活动的性质相一致。具体而言,企业履行生态道德责任既体现了人作为实践主体所应该具备的社会性这种本质属性以及反映这种本质属性的自由自觉活动的特性,也体现了企业生产活动作为实践活动是主体的人与客体的自然互为对象化的活动的本质。因此,企业履行生态道德责任既是由企业的生产实践的本质所决定的。也是由企业的人("联合起来的生产者")作为实践主体的本质和特性所决定的。就是说,企业履行生态道德责任具有内在的必然性和应然性。     

论当前道德责任意识建设的必要性和紧迫性

道德责任意识,即道德主体对与自身特定的角色和权能相联系的自己在道德上的"份内应做之事"或"应当为没有做到份内应做之事所担当的道德过失"的自觉体认,它应当而且必须包含两方面的内容:其一是对自身所应担当的道德责任"是什么"的明确认知和判断,其二是对自身道德责任之"为什么"的深刻体认.加强道德责任意识建设,以道德责任意识的自觉来促成道德行为的自律,是当今中国公民权责关系状况、社会道德生活境况、道德推理方式特点和公民道德责任意识现状条件下为更加富有成效地搞好公民道德建设所必须高度重视并着力解决好的一项突出任务.     

瑕疵赠与责任:《合同法》第191条的解释论

《合同法》第191条之规定,不能排除侵权责任法,鉴于侵权责任法与《合同法》不同的立法价值,《合同法》对于赠与人之宽容应当仅限于赠与物本身的瑕疵上,而不应当包括加害给付的情况。此处的"责任"应当限缩解释为仅指对瑕疵赠与物本身损害的责任,而不包括对固有利益损害的责任。     

行政应急责任体系化研究——以突发公共卫生事件应急为例

行政应急过程中的责任具有多元性。各责任主体都必须担当起应该承担的责任,且应该分工明确、各司其职、协调配合。行政应急过程中,在权力与权利的关系上虽然权力可以克减公民的权利,但是必须遵循法治行政原则、基本人权保障原则、比例原则、政府主导原则。行政应急责任体系的模式选择应当采取以政府主导为主,市场调节为辅。同时应当通过法律层面的程序规范与符合地方性需求的地方性规范的有机统一来实现行政应急责任的体系化,进而符合法治的要求。     

文化冲突与文学超越的断想

一、文学的文化三重性 人是什么?这是卡西尔的《人 论》一书的核心问题。他考察了历史上众多关于人的学说之 后认为,人是一种符号动物,从而提出了人的文化本性。他 认为“人被宣称为应当是不断探究他自身的存在物——一个 在他生存的每时每刻都必须查明和审视他的生活状态的存在 物。人类生活的真正价值恰恰就存在于这种审视中,存在于 这种对人类生活的批判态度之中。”(《人论》第8页.下引此书 不另注.)于是,人就是在不断审视自己的行为规范和行为方 式中建立起自己的文化。 文化,广义上讲就是指人的行为规范和行为方式的总 和。它是一个有…     

培养勤俭的好习惯

中国人历来提倡并很注重勤俭持家,以勤俭为荣,以奢侈为耻."勤"就是勤奋进取,是指对工作和生活的态度;"俭"就是节约俭朴,是指对工作和生活的方式.培养勤俭的好习惯,是立身之本,成功之道,发展之需. 首先要做到思想上勤俭.人的行为源于思想.没有非份之想,就没有贪心、色心、歪心、玩心、野心,就没有行为的盲从,经得住各种诱惑,经得起各种考验.因此,培养勤俭的好习惯,首先应当在思想上做到勤俭.要常比勤奋之益,常思节俭之利,常想奢侈之害;要自觉强化"活到老,学到老,改造到老"的思想,切实弄清我们党员干部"奋斗图什么"、 "工作为什么"、 "走后留什么"等问题,切实分清什么能干、什么不能干,什么该干、什么不该干,不断增强自身"免疫力";要勇敢抵制吃吃喝喝、礼尚往来等庸俗的"生活小节"和"潜规则",自觉筑牢勤俭的思想长堤,拒腐蚀永不沾,自觉保持艰苦奋斗和拼搏进取的精神.     

检察委员会决策机制改革构想

现行的检察委员会制度产生于新中国成立之初,是中国特色的检察制度的重要组成部分.检察委员会的决策机制经历了从检察长一长制向民主集中制推演的历史过程,虽然在历史演进中取得了长足进步,但从制度层面及实践运作来看,检察委员会决策机制仍然不尽完善,具体表现为决策机制仍带有较强的行政色彩、决策主体专业化不足以及责任机制缺失等.检察委员会决策机制改革应当遵循司法规律,以民主、高效、权威为目标,重点改革议决方式、优化决策体系、兑现责任机制.具体包括:合理吸纳合议制,严格检察长的"集中"机制;确立一级检察委员会定案机制,提高决策权威;改革决策主体构成,优化决策体系;建立完善责任追究机制,强化决策责任.     

论民事行为能力与民事权利能力的分离

近代民法中的法律人格制度是德国历史法学派和汇编法学派运用康德哲学对罗马法人格进行改造的成果.康德哲学先验地视人为目的的伦理要求与以理性约束自己而行为的自由要求的对立统一要求民法必须同时兼顾两者,造成了民法中民事行为能力与民事权利能力的分离,每个人因为先验的伦理而应当作为法律主体具有民事权利能力,而只有理性的人才能具有民事行为能力.     

主体伦理学中伦理责任人的缺失——兼论海德格尔伦理学的实践特征

本文从海德格尔的视角出发,揭示出主体哲学背景下伦理学的理论建构特征,表明主体伦理学中的伦理主体,由于其非本真时间性结构的规定,只能局限于理论建构之中而无法真正获得自己的存在,不能真正面对他人承担自己的伦理责任,只有在对存在之领会的生存实践中,才能找到作为本己的、真正能够承担其行为的伦理责任人.     

建立被害人社会保障制度的探析

因遭受犯罪行为侵害而成为孤、弱、病、残者,成为贫弱者的被害人不在少数。他们与其他接受社会保障支助的社会成员一样,都应该受到来自社会保障的支助。为此,应建立被害人社会保险制度和被害人社会救助制度,将慈善事业扩展到对被害人支助领域。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： FOCUSING ON THE REVISION OF CHINA＇S CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW IN 2012 Revival and Development of the Criminal Reconciliation System in China

随着和谐社会治国方针的提出与宽严相济刑事政策的深化，中国刑事和解制度呈现出不断拓展的态势。2012年新《刑事诉讼法》以“特别程序”编的形式，专章规定了“刑事和解”，第一次在《刑事诉讼法》中全面确立了中国式的刑事和解制度。但就目前立法来看，刑事和解程序设置还相对粗放，也存在诸多争议。刑事和解未来发展方向应当强化规则性完善与制度性建设。     

过失犯罪中的被害人承诺效力之考察

在刑法理论中,学者都是从故意犯罪的角度对被害人承诺进行研究。在过失犯罪中,被害人承诺的刑法效力的承认往往由于被害人的故意性与行为人的过失性显得更为重要,从行为人的角度去考察被害人承诺的效力是被害人承诺研究的新视野。过失犯罪中的被害人承诺的效力应当从过失犯罪中的风险概率、行为人的阻止义务、被害人承诺时对风险的知晓程度以及承诺的表达方式等几个方面进行考察,以实现对过失犯罪中的被害人承诺效力的准确定位。     

被害人问题:刑事司法的局限与可能

被害人问题为当下刑事法学界的重要议题,因对其利益的忽视而致现代刑事法治面临严重正当性危机."尊重被害人、考虑他们的需要"成为刑事法学及各国实践的重点.反观国内,许多被害人问题研究着眼于谋求在刑事诉讼中被害人地位的提升,而忽视了因无法改变的犯罪与刑罚的本质认识、司法的目的与其作为认识活动的性质等方面所决定了其在被害人问题解决上的难以克服的局限性.刑事司法固然在被害人问题解决上难当主力,但是在不损及被告人权利与诉讼目的前提下进行局部改良亦有保障被害人权利的可能.所以,应对被害人问题的现实作法是强调刑事司法与其他社会政策的互动与协调.     

Introduction to the Issue

The criminal trial of O. J. Simpson, his acquittal, and the subsequent public reaction have provided an opportunity to apply social science models and methods in ways that have enhanced our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of ethnicity. Most of the articles in this issue focus on ethnicity and go beyond simplistic analyses of ethnic differences in responses to O. J. Simpson and the trial. These analyses inform us that ethnicity is best viewed as a proxy for a host of life experiences, beliefs, and attitudes. The knowledge gained from these applications demonstrates that social scientists can contribute to the understanding of major public events when issues of ethnicity are involved. This article provides an introduction to the dynamics of ethnicity and overviews of the articles in this collection.     

Criminal defendants’ family and the death penalty in China - a case analysis

ABSTRACT

The restorative justice movement has increased the rights of consciousness for crime victims and their families globally. Though the practice of family group conferences in Australia and New Zealand and the court-ordered mediation programmes in China have increasingly involved defendants and their families, their roles in the criminal justice system have not been the main focus of academic inquiries. Citing a high-profile capital case in China, the Nian Bin case, this study examines the defendant family’s strategies in seeking legal redress, managing physical, emotional and financial tolls as well as coping with the victim families, throughout their eight-year pursuit of Nian’s exoneration. Given Confucian teachings on the importance of family to the individual and the society at large, this study provides a microscopic view into various precipitating factors for a capital defendant’s family activism. It also draws broader implications for China’s criminal justice reforms and the restorative justice movement.     

The Thinking and Approaches of Criminal Law Legislation in a Transitional Period

In this transitional period, the concept of legally protected interests in Chinese criminal legislation is changing with the imposition of new control measures that endow criminal law with new functions, including taking an active part in social governance. Active legislation will not entail the systemic risk of excessive interference by criminal law. Criminalization does not conflict with criminal law’s concept of modest restraint. In terms of overall approach, we need to establish dynamic, rational and diversified legislative mechanisms for the future. In terms of specifi methods, legislation must maintain an approach of actively intervention in the life of society, changing the current centralized legislative model. However, decentralized legislation should not necessarily adopt the tripartite model of the criminal code plus special enactments and auxiliary criminal law. Rather, it should construct a written criminal law system centered on the criminal code and supplemented by the law on minor offences, in parallel with criminal penalties and public security measures. This will produce a mechanism for the seamless incremental convergence of public security administrative punishment law, minor offences law, and criminal law. The net of justice is fine-meshed but its penalties are light. The addition of new crimes must uphold the rule of law, correspond to specifi social situations, maintain an attitude of sensitivity and clarity toward lawlessness and regard criminal law as a last resort, in order to alleviate the pressures legislators currently face from the growing body of criminal law.     

完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的思考

我国的社会救助制度已经可以在一定的程度上对刑事被害人实施社会救助。但存在的问题是:在治疗费用、生活照顾和心理救助方面考虑不够。完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的基本思路是:在医疗保险制度中明确规定,刑事被害人也属于医疗保险的保障范围;建立刑事被害人生活照顾制度;建立刑事被害人心理救助制度。     

Impact of Social Work Practice in Public Defense

Public defenders are increasingly welcoming social workers into their practice, but there is little understanding of the impact of social work services in this context. This study used propensity score matching to determine the effect of social work services on public defense clients in terms of the number and severity of criminal charges when statistically controlling for pre-existing criminal history and demographic characteristics. Findings indicate that social work and non-social work clients were similar in terms of demographics and that clients in both groups were more likely to have incurred misdemeanor charges, but clients in the social work group experienced more, suggesting greater life disruption. When comparing clients who did and did not receive social work services, results indicate that the number of misdemeanor charges incurred during a two-year time period was lower for clients who received social work services. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

The social adjustment of children of low intelligence: Part III 1

This article examines the dilemmas faced by undocumented immigrants within the criminal justice system vis-à-vis the immigrant detention center and the resulting implications for social work. It explores the new realities for undocumented immigrants in the United States, including an explanation of state policies that have led to the criminalization of immigrants. The criminal justice and homeland security responses to undocumented immigrants, including the trend toward the privatization of immigration detention centers are analyzed. Finally, the implications of these trends for social work practice are discussed.