货币政策对股票市场的冲击

 本文采用理论引导结构向量自回归（SVAR）的方法分析我国货币政策对股票市场的冲击。我们首先构造了一个反映我国特定利率制度安排下的经济结构理论模型,表明货币政策的三个作用渠道：流动性效应、通货膨胀效应和实际产出效应。之后以其为指引,识别模型内、外生变量,限制变量当期冲击的作用特征,以实现对SVAR模型的整体识别和估计。然后利用脉冲响应分析详细讨论货币政策的作用特征。结果表明：①我国股市呈现出明显的“政策市”特征：货币增长率增长1%,将使沪市和深市股价分别上涨1%和0.7%;②货币政策的瞬时影响在第3个月时最大,第6个月之后基本消失;其累计影响具有持续性;③沪深两市的政策反应略有不同;④我国股市呈现明显的“资金推动”型特征：流动性效应对货币政策作用的解释力分别达到91%（沪市）和70%（深市）;通货膨胀效应有一定正向影响,产出效应体现出微弱的负向影响。本文的引申含义是：在我国,货币政策尚不应该对股市动做出反应。     

On Testing Changes in Autoregressive Parameters of a VAR Model

The article deals with the problem of testing a change in autoregressive matrices of the p-th order vector autoregressive process, VAR(p). The proposed test statistics are based on the likelihood ratio concept and are studied under the null hypothesis of no change in parameters. Their asymptotic behavior is derived under minimal moment assumptions in both cases where the time point of possible change is known a priori and is undefined. The Gumbel-type approximation of the test statistic is also developed, which previous papers on VAR(p) models do not cover.     

Comment: The Future of Administrative Records in the Economic Programs of the Census Bureau

Using recently developed statistical tools for analyzing cointegrated 1(2) data, this article models money, income, prices, and interest rates in Denmark. The final model describes the dynamic adjustment to short-run changes of the process, to deviations from long-run steady states, and to several political interventions. It provides new insights about the effects of the liberalization of trade and capital in a small open European economy.     

我国货币状况指数的构建及其应用的实证研究

本文根据1996-2009年宏观经济季度数据,运用基于VAR的广义脉冲反应函数方法构建了包含利率、汇率和货币供给量的我国货币状况指数,并考察其是作为我国货币政策的信息指示器的功能。研究表明货币状况指数不仅可以作为我国货币政策执行效果的重要参考,而且能够提供货币政策目标的未来动态信息,货币状况指数可以作为我国货币政策操作的信息指示器。     

Long-Run Identification in a Fractionally Integrated System

We propose an extension of structural fractionally integrated vector autoregressive models that avoids certain undesirable effects on the impulse responses that occur if long-run identification restrictions are imposed. We derive the model’s Granger representation and investigate the effects of long-run restrictions. Simulations illustrate that enforcing integer integration orders can have severe consequences for impulse responses. In a system of U.S. real output and aggregate prices, the effects of structural shocks strongly depend on the specification of the integration orders. In the statistically preferred fractional model, shocks that are typically interpreted as demand disturbances have a very brief influence on GDP. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

对中国稳健货币政策有效性的实证分析

文章通过Granger因果关系模型,检验了我国稳定货币政策的有效性。结果显示,中国人民银行通过对货币供应的调控实现经济目标在一定程度上是有效的。因此,目前还不宜放弃货币供应量作为货币政策的中介指标。同时,要进一步完善调控的工具、手段和方法。     

麦卡勒姆规则在中国货币政策中的实证检验

本文运用麦卡勒姆规则对我国的货币政策操作进行了实证检验,样本区间为1990年第1季度—2008年第1季度。本文的主要发现是：（1）根据麦卡勒姆规则原式得到的基础货币增长率和供应量的模拟值与实际值之间存在较大偏差;（2）取消麦卡勒姆规则的参数设定后,对基础货币反应函数进行估计所得到的结果要优于原式的推断,但货币供应的方式是顺周期的。在固定汇率制下,外汇储备增长率对基础货币增长率几乎没有影响,而经过加权的外汇储备增长率的影响也不显著。这些发现可为如何建立一个使经济趋于稳定的货币政策反应函数提供经验证据。     

货币政策加剧城市房价的冷热不均吗

本文创新性地运用交互效应动态面板模型重新检验了货币政策对我国295个城市房价的异质性效应及其传导机制。研究发现,货币供给量增长对我国不同城市房价存在显著的异质性效应,货币供给量是加剧我国城市房价结构性分化的主要外部诱因,而利率调整发挥的作用并不明显。机制分析则表明,货币政策冲击主要通过供给侧的土地价格这一传导渠道对房价产生影响。本文研究认为,央行在制定货币政策,尤其是运用数量型工具时应将城市住房价格考虑在内,政府应切实推动土地市场改革,才有可能真正解决我国房地产市场的结构性分化难题。     

中国货币政策和财政政策相对有效性的实证研究

在我国由计划经济向市场经济的体制转轨过程中,货币政策和财政政策已成为我国宏观经济调节的主要手段,在我国的经济发展中发挥了重要作用。但货币政策和财政政策是各自独立的政策体系,由于作用的方式和条件有较大区别,其效果也有较大不同,文章试图应用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,对改革开放以来我国货币政策和财政政策的效果进行实证比较研究,并得出有关结论,为我国的宏观调控政策提供理论分析和实证检验的依据。     

基于VAR的央行对股票市场影响力分析

文章利用协整和向量自回归工具,通过单位根检验、因果关系检验、协整检验和脉冲分析,从更宽广的视角来分析央行对股票市场的影响力。     

Learning,Structural Instability,and Present Value Calculations

Present value calculations require predictions of cash flows both at near and distant future points in time. Such predictions are generally surrounded by considerable uncertainty and may critically depend on assumptions about parameter values as well as the form and stability of the data generating process underlying the cash flows. This paper presents new theoretical results for the existence of the infinite sum of discounted expected future values under uncertainty about the parameters characterizing the growth rate of the cash flow process. Furthermore, we explore the consequences for present values of relaxing the stability assumption in a way that allows for past and future breaks to the underlying cash flow process. We find that such breaks can lead to considerable changes in present values.     

Index to Articles,by Author,Volume 2 (1984)

This article investigates the statistical properties of the U.S. sacrifice ratio—the cumulative output loss arising from a permanent reduction in inflation. We derive estimates of the sacrifice ratio from three structural vector autoregression models and then conduct a series of simulation exercises to analyze their sampling distribution. We obtain point estimates of the sacrifice ratio that are consistent with results reported in earlier studies. However, the estimates are very imprecise, which we suggest reflects the poor quality of instruments used in estimation. We conclude that the estimates provide a very unreliable guide for assessing the output cost of disinflation policy.     

Learning, Structural Instability, and Present Value Calculations

Present value calculations require predictions of cash flows both at near and distant future points in time. Such predictions are generally surrounded by considerable uncertainty and may critically depend on assumptions about parameter values as well as the form and stability of the data generating process underlying the cash flows. This paper presents new theoretical results for the existence of the infinite sum of discounted expected future values under uncertainty about the parameters characterizing the growth rate of the cash flow process. Furthermore, we explore the consequences for present values of relaxing the stability assumption in a way that allows for past and future breaks to the underlying cash flow process. We find that such breaks can lead to considerable changes in present values.     

货币政策与财政政策的分区域产业效应比较

 在具有总量效应的同时,货币政策和财政政策在产业效应方面各自表现如何？本文运用1990～2008年东、中、西部地区的动态面板数据模型进行实证分析,结果显示：东部与中部地区的货币政策和财政政策都存在产业效应,而西部地区货币政策和财政政策的效应均不理想,同时,货币政策和财政政策对三次产业的效应都存在明显的区域性。并且,结合相关理论,文章从产业和区域两个层面对实证结果予以分析,揭示出产业间在增量资本产出率和政府扶持力度以及区域间在银行集中度和基础设施投资方面存在的差异,是实证结果的主要致因。     

中国股票市场的发展对货币供给的影响

文章首先从理论上论述了股票市场的发展改变了货币供给的总量和结构,然后借助VAR计量模型实证分析了股票市场对货币供给的影响程度,最后作者试图寻找产生这种现象的原因并提出了我国货币政策的操作建议。     

我国核心通货膨胀的实证比较研究

 本文对比研究了5种度量方法下的核心通货膨胀序列，发现不对称截尾法、中位数法得出的序列受食品类权重过大的影响，不适合作为我国的核心通货膨胀指标；对不对称截尾法、剔除法、共同趋势法和结构向量自回归法产生的序列的进一步研究中，发现它们都与CPI序列一样是一阶平稳的，虽然它们与CPI的相关系数很大，除了30%比率截尾平均法外，与CPI不存在协整关系；因果检验表明，除共同趋势法的序列是CPI的原因外，其余序列的因果关系不是很明确，但是都能在一定程度上预测CPI。     

沪深股市量价因果关系实证研究

文章考察了1994~2004年沪深股市不同性质交易量与收益率及其绝对值的Granger因果关系。研究发现:在上海市场上,原始交易量、预期交易量、非预期交易量与收益率只存在收益率至交易量的单向因果关系,非预期交易量中超过均值部分与收益率存在双向因果关系;而这四种交易量与收益率绝对值都存在双向因果关系。在深圳市场上,只存在收益率及其绝对值至交易量的单向因果关系。     

Nowcasting GDP in Real Time: A Density Combination Approach

In this article, we use U.S. real-time data to produce combined density nowcasts of quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, using a system of three commonly used model classes. We update the density nowcast for every new data release throughout the quarter, and highlight the importance of new information for nowcasting. Our results show that the logarithmic score of the predictive densities for U.S. GDP growth increase almost monotonically, as new information arrives during the quarter. While the ranking of the model classes changes during the quarter, the combined density nowcasts always perform well relative to the model classes in terms of both logarithmic scores and calibration tests. The density combination approach is superior to a simple model selection strategy and also performs better in terms of point forecast evaluation than standard point forecast combinations.     

Recent Monetary Policy and the Divisia Monetary Aggregates

This article explains the currently available capability to use formal statistical index number theory to measure the economy's money supply accurately. The new procedure is illustrated by exploring the tightness of money during the recent three-year period of “monetarist” Federal Reserve policy. When measured by a properly constructed statistical index number, the rate of growth of the money supply is found to have been lower and more volatile than when measured by the official simple sum monetary aggregates. As a result, targeting the simple sum aggregates may have induced a tighter and more volatile policy than was intended.     

由泰勒规则货币政策对我国股票市场货币政策传导效力的实证研究

 本文基于泰勒型货币政策规则对我国1992-2005年考虑股票市场资产价格泡沫的货币政策反应函数进行了实证检验，发现我国在制定货币政策操作规则时，利率平滑倾向显著，赋予通货膨胀和产出缺口的权重较大，但不重视应对资本市场价格较大波动。说明我国的货币政策资本市场传导机制不畅，导致我国居民和公司资产负债表不健康，应对金融风险能力非常弱。