中世纪阿中文明对话及其缘起

伊斯兰文明与中华文明的对话历史源远流长,它们在交流中互通有无,相得益彰,影响深远,堪称古代世界文明交流的佳话。本文旨在以阿拉伯文、中文文献及实地调查资料为基础,对唐朝至明朝期间阿中友好往来的历史进行回顾,以期以史为鉴,继往开来。     

中阿文明交往面临的挑战及对策思考

中阿文明交往迄今已有2000余年历史,形成"官民并举"的一种基本交往态势,在各个历史阶段采取了不同方式,并呈现出不同交往内涵与特征;伊斯兰文明面临的现实挑战主要包括:1."9·11"事件使阿拉伯-伊斯兰世界因受连坐而声名狼藉,伊斯兰文明面临何去何从的"十字路口"、2.美国借"大中东民主改造"之名进行的文化改造,加重了伊斯兰世界在全球化中被边缘化的程度,伊斯兰文明面临如何与怎样融入全球化的现实困境、3.目前发生的这场内生型的阿拉伯民主运动,实为阿拉伯民族从清真寺走向广场来集体表达民主诉求之举,凸显出伊斯兰文明主动融入全球化的自觉意识;为进一步推进中阿文明交往,双方应进一步加强认知、增进理解与沟通,警惕并应对美国互联网外交带来的新挑战,将宗教交流作为深化中阿文明交往的突破口。     

中阿文明交往面临的挑战及对策思考

中阿文明交往迄今已有2000余年历史,形成“官民并举”的一种基本交往态势,在各个历史阶段采取了不同方式,并呈现出不同交往内涵与特征;伊斯兰文明面临的现实挑战主要包括：1．“9·11”事件使阿拉伯-伊斯兰世界因受连坐而声名狼藉,伊斯兰文明面临何去何从的“十字路口”、2．美国借“大中东民主改造”之名进行的文化改造,加重了伊斯兰世界在全球化中被边缘化的程度,伊斯兰文明面临如何与怎样融入全球化的现实困境、3．目前发生的这场内生型的阿拉伯民主运动,实为阿拉伯民族从清真寺走向广场来集体表达民主诉求之举,凸显出伊斯兰文明主动融入全球化的自觉意识;为进一步推进中阿文明交往,双方应进一步加强认知、增进理解与沟通,警惕并应对美国互联网外交带来的新挑战,将宗教交流作为深化中阿文明交往的突破口。     

东汉发明家蔡伦

在人类文明发展进程中，一些历史事件往往如初露的晨曦，照耀着人类前行的方向。东汉时期蔡伦造纸术的发明，就是推动文明的传播与交流、影响世界历史进程的重要历史事件。蔡伦也因为发明造纸术，千百年来一直为世人所敬仰。     

从当代伊斯兰复兴运动的背景看文明的碰撞

在伊斯兰国家纷纷寻求向现代化转型的进程中和经济全球化的特定背景下,伊斯兰文明同西方主导的现代化虽有碰撞,但并不排斥,彼此间可以找到联结点.伊斯兰国家应在同世界其他文明的交流中应不断更新自我,走有伊斯兰特色的现代化道路.过于强调伊斯兰的正统性,敌视西方是解决不了问题的.     

中阿关系的回顾和展望

中国与阿拉伯国家文明交流源远流长.中华人民共和国成立后,双方在国际政治舞台上广泛合作.万隆会议的成功召开带来了中阿三次建交高潮.新时期中阿双方的战略合作具有坚实的政治基础:双方都强调开展文明对话,反对文明对抗,反对霸权主义和强权政治,主张建立公正民主的国际新秩序.未来双方经贸关系的发展将促进政治合作领域不断扩大.     

浅议文学与文明之关系——由文学视角看文明史变迁

作为一种文化载体,文学也是文明的一种表述符号。文学的产生、发展乃至内容和特点均与文明有着不可分割的联系。文明决定着文学的走向,而文学又表述文明的历史信息。本文将从宏观角度出发,初步梳理上述文明与文学之关系。     

人类文明新形态的本质意蕴与时代价值

人类文明新形态是马克思主义中国化时代化的最新理论成果,主张物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展。作为中国式现代化的文明表征,人类文明新形态体现了人类文明发展的客观规律与中国共产党历史主动精神的统一以及世界文明普遍意蕴与中华文明个性特征的统一。作为人类文明谱系中的新型文明样态,人类文明新形态在推动中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中开辟了马克思主义中国化时代化新境界,并为人类文明发展提供了新的范式参考。     

唐宋时期中阿交往及其历史意义与当代价值

公元7世纪到13世纪,中阿两大文明同处于世界文明的顶端.在长达数百年间,中阿双方在政治、经济、文化各领域的频繁交往,有力地促进了中华文明和阿拉伯-伊斯兰文明两大不同文明的繁荣和发展.唐宋时期中阿文明的交往,不仅在中阿关系史和人类文明交流史上具有重要的历史意义,而且具有弥足珍贵的当代价值.这种交往对今天中阿关系的进一步发展及对世界不同文明之间的对话与交流都有可资借鉴的启示.     

十年铸一剑俯仰不愧怍——贺李振中《历史绪论》译作问世

翻译出版伊本·赫勒敦的《历史绪论》中文版意义重大,被中国译界公认为是拓荒之举,对构建中国特色的中东研究知识体系,提供了一部重要的经典参考。这部译作对中国的史学、哲学、社会学等学界人士,也一定会有所裨益。加强加深对伊斯兰文明的了解和理解,是各国特别是大国不容忽视的任务。加强与阿拉伯国家的文化交流和文明对话,也始终是我国"扎实推进公共外交和人文交流"的重要内涵之一。翻译出版《历史绪论》,符合国家对外交往的需要。这部《历史绪论》译作,是李振中教授历十年辛劳磨砺而成的宝剑,也是他对中国学术界的重大贡献。     

Regulated freedoms: the market and the state,agriculture and the environment

We argue that a “free” market — that is, a market in which the state does not intervene — is a theoretical impossibility in a state society. In place of the natural economy view of a market apart from the state, we offer a social economy view of the inescapable social structuring of markets through state regulation. Even when states institute policies which prevent “interference” in a market, the enforcement power of the state is no less required. We thus distinguish between two forms of regulation: negative regulation — regulation which prevents interference — and positive regulation — regulation which enables interference. These two forms of regulation make possible two different conceptions of freedom, what Isaiah Berlin once termed “negative freedom” from agency and “positive freedom” to have agency. We argue that positive and negative freedom and positive and negative regulation are inseparable; freedom is always contextual. Through a discussion of the debate between industrial agriculture and environmentalists, we show that both supporters and critics of the “free” market are alike in their advocacy, often unacknowledged, of both negative and positive forms of regulation. Rather then a lessening of regulation, this debate represents the institution of a new regulatory regime out of the contest of interests. We conclude by considering the implications for democracy of the contextual character of freedom.     

Relating the Central and the Local

Although a number of valuable models of central‐local relationships in the nonprofit sector have been developed, particularly in relation to federal structures, there has been a tendency to assume that in any given organizational relationship central‐local structures will follow one common pattern. We argue that wider strategies are available: central dependency along one dimension may run with greater local autonomy along another. Such mixed tight‐loose structures may be of considerable importance in the “boundaryless” organizational environment of the future.     

Disappointing and deviant youth and the rage of the elders

A generalized adult hostility toward youth derives from the complexities of the parent/child relationship, often mirrored in the helper/client and therapist/patient dyads. Parents derive considerable or little narcissistic gain from the accomplishments of their offspring, and conversely, are disappointed or even mortified by their failures. This is particularly true of narcissistically vulnerable parents—helpers and therapists as well—and accounts for widespread attitudes of competition, disparagement, and outright hostility toward young people. In the extreme, the pathological situations of emotional exploitation, incest, and physical abuse occur, but lesser forms of exploitation, such as personally gratifying advocacy, political gain, cultism, and enhancement of professional status, point to similar, but seemingly less destructive, forms of narcissistic gain. Youth may respond by conforming, defying, disappointing, and deviating. Adults may be either pleased, or enraged.     

Private property and the problem of the miraculous: the kramats and the city of Cape Town

This paper seeks to explore the place of kramats the graves of Muslim saints or Auliyah – in the landscape of contemporary Cape Town. The kramat sites have been proclaimed as heritage sites because of their importance as tangible signs of Islam at the Cape. At the same time, the process of the kramats becoming heritage sites has contained moments of intense, often sensational, public contestation. Offering a reading of the discourses surrounding two contested kramats in Cape Town, this paper explores the way kramats mark out a miraculous space in the prosaic modern city and introduce into the post-apartheid evaluation of heritage, alternative conceptions of space and notions of temporality. They are sites of impossibility where, it is claimed, the laws of nature themselves are interrupted to mark the intangible particularities of the site. This paper explores what happens when this miraculous space is subject to the demands of private property and municipal law and the conflicts that arise from this collision of different conceptual and experiential modalities. It considers the effects of the entanglement of legend and history that result from the production of these sites as heritage in a market-driven economy.     

Between the market and the hard place: neoliberalization and the Polish LGBT movement

ABSTRACT

Whilst the fall of state socialism in 1989 opened up a space for the Polish LGBT movement to emerge and develop, over the last three decades the process has taken place against the backdrop of material and ideological constraints of neoliberalization, a point that has been largely overlooked in the scholarship on the Polish LGBT movement. Informed by interviews with Polish LGBT activists this article explores the contradictory ways in which processes of neoliberalization and market logic influence and often constrain the Polish LGBT movement. The argument is that neoliberalization and its logic profusely affect what is possible and desirable for the Polish LGBT movement on a personal, local as well as a national level. The contradictory effects of the processes of neoliberalization combined with the political climate, with minimal or no state support for LGBT organizing, result in a movement that is at the mercy of the market-like environment, under-resourced, dependent almost entirely on voluntary labor and spatially scarce.