浅析大学英语教学中的兴趣导入

英语教学的目的是传授知识,但怎样让学生在自主、自愿、积极轻松的环境下获取英语知识,这就需要在英语教学中进行兴趣导入。文中主要从对教师的要求、教学方法、教学设施的要求等方面进行分析和探讨,从而提高学生对英语学习的兴趣。     

Extensions to the sociology of the inept

This paper draws on the satire of Joseph Heller'sCatch-22 to examine the arguments posed by William J. Goode's analysis of the function of the inept in social life. Drawing on methodology developed in our earlier paper onCatch-22 (“Social Death: or What Happened to Doc Daneeka?”) this paper shows first the depiction of Major Major Major Major's group relationships which are useful in developing ideas which further Goode's essentially functionalist orientation; and second how other material from the novel extends the functionalist direction and presents an entirely new look at the sociology of the inept. Essentially, Goode argues that in any society groups resolve the tension between the protection of the inept and the protection of the groups from the inept. An argument introduced fromCatch-22 submits that individuals actively choose to participate in the process of being inept.     

Failure to return to industry,the primary feature of the sequence of Turkish migration

This article seeks to destroy the myth that the industrial experience of emigrated workers can be helpful in development efforts for the sending countries by supplying a highly qualified labor force. The extent and nature of unemployment in an underdeveloped country such as Turkey form the essential background. Insufficient demand for labor, oppressive living conditions for the unemployed, and the absence of hope for future improvement in employment conditions produce a high desire to work devoid of a specific job or career goals, tendencies which account for the willingness of workers to accept any kind of work as long as pay is adequate. Most Turkish migrant workers have been found to be oriented toward accumulating as much money as possible, not for use as a means of changing their structural situation or improving their employment qualifications, but as an end in itself. The hypothesis that polyannual migrants acquire new knowledge and ability to adapt to the mode of life of an industrial society, internalizing its structures, roles, and values, recieves little confirmation in the literature. A large proportion of Turkish migrants remain attached to preindustrial habits and preferences for work in a milieu that assures personal relationships. Few report in surveys that they learn significantly in their migrant jobs. Migrant workers who are only superficially familiar with industrial culture and who reject the mode of life of industrial society cannot be viewed as a force for change and innovation when they return. Migrant remittances are steadily increasing, but until the present, no structural changes have been made in Turkey to encourage their investment in productive enterprises. Personal or familial reasons, not desire to undertake new enterprises, are most often the cause of migrants' return; once they have done so, they aspire to new occupations in the tertiary sector rather than return to their earlier lines of employment.     

Window to the West: From the Collection of Readers' Letters to the Journal Internatsional'naia literatura

Abstract

Internatsional'naia literatura was the only thick journal during the Stalin period that was entirely devoted to translated literature and it was also the main source that provided Soviet citizens with information about cultural life abroad. Not only pro-Soviet and proletarian foreign authors but also representatives of Western modernism were published in this unique journal. The readers' letters selected for the current publication were written to the editorial board of Internatsional'naia literatura between 1938 and 1940. Now, they are kept in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) in Moscow. These archival documents demonstrate that readers' worldviews were more complex and diverse than was often presented in the official press at that time. The readers evaluate various aspects of the periodical's work and they also criticise cultural policies of the Party-state and the existing system of control over translated literature. These letters offer important insights into cultural life and, more broadly, everyday life on the eve of the Second World War; and they problematize our understanding of Stalinist cultural politics as both monolithic and isolated from the West. Most importantly, the letters demonstrate the appearance in the late 1930s of a category of readers whom we propose to define as 'creative readers'. These readers were ready to express openly opinions that were at odds with the official propaganda of the time. The publication of letters by such reader s is the first step toward a systematic study of this important category of Soviet citizens.     

实现全面的对外开放是实施西部大开发战略的关键

实施西部大开发战略,是党中央、国务院高瞻远瞩、面向21世纪的重大战略决策,对我国政治、经济、社会的发展必将产生深远的影响,具有重要的意义.西部大开发要取得实质性进展和良好效果,固然受到多种条件和因素的影响,但关键在于西部地区能否实现超前的全面的大开放.如果说国家要对落后的西部地区实施扶持优惠政策的话,着力点要放在对外开放上,围绕扩大西部地区的对外开放下功夫、做文章.     

Vietnam returning to the scene of the trauma

1. All veterans participating in this project were suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. All had received counseling for their PTSD, including group sessions for 8 months prior to the trip. 2. One goal of this project was to provide new memories of a Vietnam at peace that could replace or stand beside the 20-year-old recollections. 3. One of the most dramatic occurrences was the re-humanizing of former enemies; the Vietnamese were seen as people and no longer enemies. 4. Some of the gains for the participants included improved sleep, gainful employment, less fear, anger and grief, and a resolution of suicidal intentions.     

Hardiness of Foster Families and the Intent to Continue to Foster

ABSTRACT

Recent research in the area of foster care has examined a number of external factors that may influence foster family retention. However, insufficient research has been devoted to the question of foster family hardiness, or internal strengths of foster families, and how it may affect retention. Hardiness in families means that families possess a belief that they can control or influence events of their experience, feel deep commitment, and anticipate change as a positive challenge. Additionally, hardy families exhibit a confidence in their abilities. Utilizing the Family Hardiness Index, this research reports findings from a study of 82 foster families from one southeastern United States metropolitan area. Foster families who reported an intent to continue to foster scored higher on the Family Hardiness Index than families from a non-clinical sample. Foster families who reported an intent to continue also scored higher than those foster families who reported they did not intend to continue. Logistic regression indicated that higher levels of hardiness and fewer years of licensure as foster parents were significantly associated with intent to continue to foster. The study also discusses implications of hardiness screening of prospective foster families and its potential value for improving support to and retention of foster parents, thus increasing stability and service efficacy for the children they serve.     

Responding to ambiguity, responding to change the value of a responsive approach to evaluation

Loosely organised teams and flexible arranged programs offer a new answer to improve the practice of palliative health care. Given the ambiguity of this care concept and the innovative organisational arrangement it is possible for confusion to emerge over the goals, core activities and target groups. In such a context it is not sufficient to determine the degree to which goals have been attained because the search for goals is part of the developmental process. An evaluation of a palliative team in a Dutch health region shows that it is more appropriate to acknowledge ambiguity and to go on to facilitate the handling of ambiguity as a vital element in dynamic learning processes. The utility of a responsive approach to evaluation, methodological considerations and learning experiences are described. The article is educational for workers in the field of health care but also to scholars and practitioners in an evaluation community.     

How to use programme theory to evaluate the effectiveness of schemes designed to improve the work environment in small businesses

Due to the many constraints that small businesses (SBs) face in meeting legislative requirements, occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory authorities and other OSH actors have developed programmes which can reach out to SBs and motivate and assist them in improving the work environment. A number of conceptual models help to enhance our understanding of OHS interventions in SBs and their effectiveness. However, they have mainly been evaluated on output rather than the process relating to the change theory underlying the intervention, and hence have seldom been rigorously evaluated. Thus little is known about how particular features of SBs can be taken into account when designing and implementing national programmes. This paper shows how realist analysis and programme theory may be used as a framework for evaluating, developing and improving national intervention programmes for the improvement of the work environment and reducing injuries in SBs. It illustrates this for a specific New Zealand intervention: the Workplace Safety Discount scheme and its implementation in the agriculture sector. In practice, realist analysis should be performed during the planning, implementation and management stages so that ongoing findings can be fed back to the participant social actors to help them make appropriate changes to enhance the likelihood of success.     

Participatory Art as a Social Practice of Commoning to Reinvent the Right to the City

The right to the city is a concept that helps rethink spatial–social dynamics, which has recently reinvigorated the field of organization studies. Following Lefebvre and considering the failure of both the market and the state, other scholars pinpoint the need to rethink social–spatial and geographical–historical relations. They do so by theorizing the city as a host for urban commons. Collective and non-commodified, these spatial–social experiences need to be constantly reproduced and preserved through commoning practices in the struggle against spatial injustice. A case study shows that a civil society organization (CSO) uses participatory art to (re)produce urban commons at the level of a local community and to redress partially spatial injustice. We theorize participatory art-making as a social practice of commoning, i.e., a process of organizing for the commons—collective art-based activities to serve a community—and of the common—to (re)produce a community while performing them. Such commoning practices are not only about sharing urban resources but also about using and experiencing differently urban spaces. By making participatory artworks in public spaces and co-designing street furniture with residents of poor areas, TDA helps to better cope with the tensions between residents and local authorities and between amateurs and professional artists. By negotiating the long-term implementation of these creative artworks in the public space with public authorities, TDA has fostered the empowerment of inhabitants as they have experienced citizens’ reappropriation of some public spaces in Marseille.     

Whether and How Much to Give: Uncovering the Contrasting Determinants of the Decisions of Whether and How Much to Give to Charity with Two-Stage Alternatives to the Prevailing Tobit Model

Charitable giving involves two seemingly distinct decisions: whether to give and how much to give. However, many researchers methodologically assume that these decisions are one and the same. The present study supports the argument that this is an incorrect assumption that is likely to generate misleading conclusions, in part, since the second decision is much more financial in nature than the first. The argument that charitable giving entails two distinct decisions is validated by empirically dismissing the prevailing Tobit model, which assumes a single decision, in favor of less restrictive two-stage approaches: Cragg’s model and the Heckman model. Most importantly, it is shown that only by adopting a two-stage approach may it be uncovered that common determinants of charitable giving such as income and gender affect the two decisions at hand very differently. Data comes from a high-quality 2012 Danish survey and administrative registers.     

开征物业税,促进房地产市场健康发展

物业税虽然不能在表面形态上有效降低房价,但能使有关房地产市场商品房需求总规模表现得更少泡沫,总体房价表现更沉稳,更有效地减少甚至避免房价大起大落带来的负面效应和对社会生活的冲击,从而促进房地产市场健康发展。     

Understanding sex: the right to legal capacity to consent to sex

This article addresses the right to legal capacity to consent to sex of people with intellectual disabilities. Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guarantees the right to legal capacity on an equal basis in all areas of life. This article discusses sex as an area of life in which people with intellectual disabilities are frequently not being granted legal capacity on an equal basis. The article examines current capacity to consent to sex law in Ireland, England and Wales in light of Article 12. It proposes an ‘agreement model’ as a potential alternative that would be Article 12 compliant.