理解“社区”与我国城市社区的建设

社区,是人类社会的基本单元,兼有人群与地域两大要素,是人类生存和发展的基层社会关系共同体,是社会有机体系统中相对独立的微观社会空间。社区发展是社会现代化和城市化的重要组成,是社会发展的重要内容。本文通过对社区这个概念的阐释,从制约城市社区发展变量的角度来提出建设我国城市社区的一些建议。     

我国近十年城市社区参与研究述评

论文尝试对近10年的社区参与研究进行梳理和总结,并找出今后进行社区参与研究的方向。在过去十年左右的时间里,社区参与研究在以下方面取得了进展：首先,对以往社区参与研究的理论视角进行了反思与批判;其次,从参与程度和参与类型等方面对社区参与的现状进行了描述,从不同角度分析了导致这一现状的原因,并对改变现状的策略进行了探索;再次,对社区参与主体及其相互关系进行了较为深入的分析;最后,对进行了将近20年的社区参与的效果进行分析。该阶段的社区参与研究与以往的研究相比,更具反思性和批判性,从而呈现出多种理论视角和理论观点的分歧与交锋。     

我国城市社区社会组织的主要类型与特点

自中央提出发展社会建设以来,社会组织的研究就成为我国理论和实践关注的重点;而社区社会组织由于与社会建设和社区建设都有着密切的联系,同样,也将成为今后我国社会发展的重要领域。在对全国六个城市进行实证调查的基础上进行研究,对我国城市社区社会组织的主要类型、组织结构、经费来源、主要活动进行了分析,并且指出了当前我国城市社区社会组织发展的六个主要特点。     

我国城市参与共建“一带一路”的路径研究

城市是共建“一带一路”的重要行为主体,参与“一带一路”合作有利于提升城市对外品牌影响力、拓展对外发展空间、拉高城市发展眼界。我国城市在参与共建“一带一路”过程中,协调机制还没有完全建立起来;对周边及区域的带动作用不够明显;同质化竞争现象严重;城市的国际化专业服务水平不高;国际合作平台和机制建设亟须完善。城市参与共建“一带一路”,应秉持共商共建共享原则,依托城市群功能转型,打造丝路城市走廊“新支点”;构建沿线城市全方位、多层次、复合型的互联互通网络,形成联通内外、安全通畅的对外开放“新节点”;构建开放型经济新体制,推动沿线各城市之间经贸合作“新融点”;持续优化“一带一路”国际化服务环境,增强与沿线城市在文化、教育、卫生、法律等人文领域合作“新焦点”;规范本地企业“走出去”投资行为,全面提升应对境外安全的“风险点”;配合国家总体外交,打造“一带一路”沿线友好城市交流合作“新触点”。     

“互联网+”城市社区居家养老服务体系建构研究

大数据理念下的"互联网+"城市社区居家养老服务体系建设将有助于解决传统城市社区居家养老服务由于信息不通畅导致的养老服务供需矛盾、养老服务资源整合程度低的问题。构建"互联网+"社区居家养老服务体系的路径,一是建设社区居家养老服务横向及纵向的基础数据库系统;二是建设社区居家养老服务的服务信息系统;三是建设社区居家养老服务的功能操作系统和软件开发系统。     

论我国城市社区共同体的构建

改革开放以来,我国社会结构发生着重大的转变。一方面,传统的单位社会、熟人社会逐渐解组,代之以原子化动向的社会形态;另一方面,社区则代替单位成为国家基层管理和社会动员的权力延伸,社区建设不仅承担着巨大的责任,也面临着严峻的挑战。因此,推进社区建设的进一步发展,培育和而不同的社区共同体是规避原子化社会风险、构建安定有序的和谐社会的一剂良药。     

我国“代际关系”研究述评

一、引言代际的划分和更替是一个客观现象和自然过程 ,它是一个基于人口学的自然事实。但 ,当它与重大的社会历史现象相联 ,从而构成一代人的共同经验和文化价值时 ,代际的划分和代沟的出现便更多的是社会学和文化人类学的课题 ,成为社会学者和文化人类学者所关注的社会事实。自二十世纪８０年代 ,代际理论传人我国 ,我国的各个领域的学者就分别从社会学、文化人类学、青年学和人口学等多维视角对代际关系和代沟现象进行了描述与分析研究 ,迄今已有近二十年的历史。但很遗憾的是 ,尽管现代社会正处于传统文化向现代文化转型的时期 ,代际关系…     

国内马克思“真正共同体”思想研究现状简述

十八大以来,中国共产党基于现实考量提出了"人类命运共同体"概念,从这个时候开始对"真正共同体"思想的研究才逐渐深入。通过对马克思经典著作的梳理发现,马克思并没有对"真正共同体"概念进行明确的界定,但通过对马克思不同时期著作中相关思想的考察可发现,马克思分别从人的生存、本质与发展角度对"真正共同体"进行过相关阐述。从文献资料来看对于马克思"真正共同体"思想的研究还处在一个不完善、不成熟的阶段。     

我国的城市低碳社区研究逻辑与展望

低碳社区是建设低碳城市、低碳社会的基础.笔者旨在对我国的城市低碳社区研究背景、基本议题及理论框架进行文献梳理,分析归纳当前的研究谱系,继而探讨如何推动城市低碳社区研究的深入.近十年来,我国的城市低碳社区研究从介绍西方经验、解读低碳政策向研究我国具体问题转变,使我国学者对城市低碳社区研究的自主性逐渐觉醒.未来更深入的城市低碳社区研究可有以下几点方向:一是加强对经验的深层剖析和理论归纳;二是建立基于我国经验事实和情景的本土化理论框架;三是推动多学科研究向跨学科研究演进.     

Social media and policing: A review of recent research

Studies of social media's impact on policing have emerged in several disciplines, including criminology, sociology, and communications. Despite their insight, there is no unified body of knowledge regarding this relationship. In an attempt to synthesize extant work, bring coherence to the field, and orient future scholarship, this article summarizes research on social media's implications for practices and perceptions of order maintenance. It does so by identifying how social media's technical affordances empower and constrain police services. By offering new opportunities for surveillance, risk communication, and impression management, emergent technologies augment the police's control of their public visibility and that of the social world. However, they also provide unprecedented capacities to monitor the police and expose, circulate, and mobilize around perceived injustice, whether brutality, racial profiling, or other forms of indiscretion. Considering these issues promises to enhance knowledge on contemporary directions in social control, organizational communication, inequality, and collective action. Suggestions for future research are also explored.     

The determinants and effects of right-to-work laws: A review of the recent literature

I review the recent literature on the determinants and effects of right-to-work (RTW) laws. The focus is primarily on the econometric studies published since the early 1980s. Five major areas of impact are assessed: unionization, free riding, union organizing activities and successes in NLRB elections, wage structure, and state industrial development. While individual findings are quite sensitive to model specification, the accumulated evidence indicates that RTW laws have at least a significant short-run impact on all of these areas except perhaps wages.     

社区运动的“社区性”——对现行社区运动理论的回应与补充

在国家强控制、组织发育不良的背景下,资源动员理论和政治过程理论等对社区运动解释式微,社区性成为影响社区运动产生与维系的核心变量。空间、人口、组织三个社区性要素循环互动,促成或抑制了社区运动,同时形塑了程度不一的社区共同体(社区认同感)。内在的社区居民共同体与外在的社会(控制)结构两个社区性维度的互动解释了社区运动的发生与走向。本文认为,只有通过对社区性要素和维度的合理安排与调整,改变政府与居民零和博弈的关系,才能营造出合作、共赢的社区治理局面。     

Studies on women's sexuality in China since 1980: a critical review

Over the last 20 years, women's sexuality has become one of the most written about and intensely debated subjects in sexology, sociology and women's studies in mainland China. From these studies, one can trace the development of academic discourse on women's sexuality through three distinct phases: from a predominantly medical discourse, to the use of survey methods to investigate women's real experiences, and finally to a phase in which Western theories have become increasingly influential. Each phase features a distinct stereotype of woman. The implications of this review for sexual research in China will also be discussed.     

Proximate determinants of fertility and mortality: A review of recent findings

Social, cultural, and economic factors that influence fertility must work through the intermediate variables or proximate determinants that directly affect reproduction. This paper reviews the proximate determinants framework and recent advances in knowledge of its components. In addition, efforts to develop a comparable model for analysis of mortality are described. It is concluded that, for fertility, although gaps in knowledge of proximate determinants remain and continuing periodic measurement is necessary to monitor their levels and changes, the primary need now is to improve understanding of the causal links between the social and economic features of a population and the proximate determinants.     

城市居住区的发展模式研究

居住区和城市的发展有着本质的区别,城市的发展与完善是一个长期的过程,而城市居住区的形成时间很短暂,而且一经形成便很难改变.那么,什么样的居住区更符合时代的发展呢?通过分析居住区现有模式以及相关的可变因素,居住区可能会有以下几种发展模式:     

A review of environmental-based community interventions

Alcohol use and related problems can be influenced by a wide variety of prevention interventions, including efforts that focus on changing the community alcohol environment-for example, by reducing underage access to alcohol, decreasing alcohol availability among adults, and increasing awareness of alcohol-related issues. Examples of environmental-based community interventions that focus on reducing alcohol use and related problems are Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol, the Community Prevention Trial, the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project, Saving Lives, Operation Safe Crossing, and Fighting Back. Evaluations of these programs found that programs that change the community environment can reduce alcohol use and related problems among both youth and adults, even in communities with relatively low readiness to address alcohol issues. Research also has identified particular settings and situations where alcohol environmental changes are particularly needed as well as factors influencing the effectiveness of certain strategies. Despite the progress made, additional questions still need to be addressed in future research to maximize the benefits associated with environmental-based community interventions.     

中国城市蔓延的现状与控制对策研究

一、中国城市蔓延的现状分析 (一)城市数量及其规模增长情况 1949年,我国共有城市132个,至1978年城市总数增加到193个.在改革开放之前将近30年的时间里,仅增加了61个城市.改革开放以后城市数量迅猛增加,至1989年,城市数量达450个,增加了257个,相当于前30年增加量的4倍多.从1989年至2003年,城市数量增加到660个,又增加了210个.城市数量迅速增加的趋势,体现了我国改革开放以后城市化进程加快的基本特征.