高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响

"培养和开发与战略导向匹配的高层管理者"一直是战略管理与人力资源管理领域共同关注的重要问题。本文基于权变理论,系统分析了高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响。研究结果显示:第一,成本导向型、创新导向型和质量导向型3种战略导向类型在我国企业确实存在,且不同类型的战略导向对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中创新导向型企业与质量导向型企业都比成本导向型企业具有较高的财务绩效和人力资源绩效。第二,单维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中战略意识对各战略导向型企业的绩效均有显著影响,组织建设能力对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的绩效有显著影响,品质素养对质量导向型企业的绩效和创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响,而洞察力仅对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响。第三,多维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,高管战略意识与成本导向型和质量导向型企业匹配,高管战略意识和组织建设能力与创新导向型企业匹配。基于此,本文对研究结果进行了讨论,并对单维和多维高管胜任特征与战略导向匹配对企业绩效影响的差异进行了拓展分析,同时给出了研究结果的管理启示。通过研究,旨在丰富与扩展高管胜任特征、战略导向与企业绩效之间匹配关系的研究,为理解与解释中国企业的战略决策提供了理论依据与实证支持。     

网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究

网络能力是在网络导向驱动下,利用关系技巧和合作技巧进行一系列网络构建和网络管理活动,以实现资源获取目标的能力.在中国转型经济时期,网络能力对于新企业克服资源约束,实现生存和成长具有重要作用.拓展了网络能力的理论内涵,将网络能力划分为网络导向、网络构建和网络管理三个维度,建立了网络能力、资源获取与新创企业绩效关系模型,以322家新企业为样本进行实证分析.研究结果表明,网络导向对网络构建和网络管理具有显著正影响,网络构建和网络管理对知识资源获取和运营资源获取具有正影响,知识资源与新企业绩效显著正相关,知识资源获取对运营资源获取具有正影响.研究结论还表明运营资源对新企业绩效无显著影响,但知识资源可以加强两者之间关系,说明新企业只有具备很强的资源管理能力才能将运营资源转化为企业绩效.     

新企业创业导向转化为绩效的新企业能力:理论模型与中国实证研究

新企业高失败率和成长巨大差异性引起了学者们广泛关注,并导致创业导向研究的丰富成果.鉴于现有研究陷于新企业创业导向与绩效问无限追加调节和中介变量的复杂模型中,而忽视了对其中关键要素的深入挖掘,本文基于演化经济学、战略理论和组织理论,认为新企业从创业导向到组织绩效,中间需要一定的转化路径与能力支持,并提出新企业能力构念,构建了"创业导向一新企业能力一新企业绩效"模型,并通过150份有效样本验证了中国背景下新企业创业导向和新企业能力的维度构成以及与新企业绩效的关系,同时也发现了新企业创业导向与绩效之间的环境敌意性和环境动态性的调节作用、新企业能力的显著中介效应.     

人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的实证研究——组织学习视角的分析

本文从组织学习角度分析了人力资源管理对企业绩效的作用,并且检验了组织学习导向的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.对130家企业的数据分析表明,不同维度的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明人力资源管理可以通过推动企业的组织学习而获得竞争优势.     

"市场-政策"双重导向对农业企业绩效的影响机制研究——以泛长三角地区农业龙头企业为例

经济转型时期,市场机制与政策机制呈现出共存性与互补性特征.本文以泛长三角地区农业龙头企业为样本,通过构建以动态能力为中介变量的理论模型,实证检验了市场导向、政策导向与农业企业绩效的关系.结果显示,(1)市场导向与企业绩效有显著正相关关系,这种关系可以是直接的也可以是间接的,政策导向与企业绩效有显著的直接正相关关系;(2)动态能力在市场导向与企业绩效关系之间起着部分中介作用,但在政策导向与企业绩效之间的中介作用不显著;(3)市场导向与政策导向对农业企业绩效的影响具有结构差异性,市场导向程度高的企业长期绩效较好,政策导向程度高的企业短期绩效较好,具备双重导向的企业长短期绩效均较好.     

双元文化、创新战略与科技企业创业绩效:一个知识流的视角

运用组织双元理论、战略管理理论和认知学习理论,构建了一个基于知识流动过程的双元文化机制、创新战略与科技企业创业绩效的关系框架,通过介入网络结构和领导调节因子来观察双元性三种前因机制的共同作用过程。对长江三角洲科技园区的283家小微创业型科技企业进行了实证调查,采用SPSS和AMOS软件进行统计分析,结果表明:双元文化通过改善企业创新战略的均衡实施来提高其创业绩效,其对突破及利润导向的战略行为均有正向影响;网络关系强度和权力距离在双元文化与创新战略之间产生调节作用,网络关系强度对利润导向行为产生正向调节,权力距离对利润导向行为的影响不显著,它们对突破导向行为均呈负向调节。研究将双元视角引入到组织与战略关系研究当中,对信息时代下的中国科技企业创业创新有一定的指导意义。     

战略学习如何影响组织创新——基于动态能力的视角

已有研究关注到了战略学习对组织创新的重要作用,但对其影响机理的认识仍然十分模糊。本文从动态能力的视角研究战略学习对组织创新的影响,将组织学习和知识管理分别作为过程维度和内容维度纳入战略学习,深入考察动态能力及其3个维度(感知响应、整合利用和重构转变)对战略学习与组织创新关系的中介效应。本文利用248家中国企业调查数据所做的实证研究发现:(1)战略学习及其两个核心维度对组织创新有显著的积极影响但作用不同,知识管理在组织学习与组织创新关系间存在显著的完全中介作用,知识管理各维度发挥着程度不同的部分中介作用。(2)动态能力在组织学习与组织创新的关系中具有显著的完全中介作用,动态能力的3个维度在二者关系中存在显著但不同程度的部分中介作用。(3)动态能力在知识管理与组织创新的关系中具有显著的完全中介作用,其3个维度二者关系中存在显著但程度不同的部分中介效应。(4)在组织学习和知识管理与组织创新的关系中,不仅存在动态能力的完全中介作用,而且同时存在知识管理的完全中介作用。这些结论拓展了战略学习、动态能力与组织创新三者关系理论认知的边界,同时对中国企业组织创新实践有重要的现实指导意义。     

学习能力与企业绩效:知识资源是中介变量吗

基于知识观和组织学习理论,本文就以下问题展开研究:其一,探讨学习能力与企业绩效之间的关系;其二,将知识资源视为影响学习能力与企业绩效的中介变量,探讨三者之间的关系;其三,考察组织内、外部学习能力对企业绩效的不同作用路径.研究结果发现,知识资源在内部学习能力与企业绩效之间扮演着部分中介的角色;而在外部学习能力与绩效之间扮演着完全中介的角色.本项研究较为深入地揭示了学习能力、知识资源与绩效之间的关系.     

供应链企业间知识共享影响因素的实证研究

将企业组织学习能力、技术知识壁垒属性、知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平作为供应链企业间知识共享的影响因素,以知识获取和合作绩效作为知识共享效果的评价标准,建立了理论关系模型.通过实证分析,表明企业组织学习能力、技术知识壁垒属性、知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平对知识获取存在显著的影响;企业组织学习能力和技术知识壁垒属性对合作绩效影响不显著,知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平对合作绩效存在显著影响.     

企业环保导向、环保策略与绩效关系研究——来自武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设试验区的调查

在可持续发展理论、利他行为理论和企业环境管理的基础上,建立了企业环保导向、环保策略(行为)与企业绩效关系模型;运用层次回归分析法,检验武汉城市圈"两型社会"建设试验区内304家食品企业在嵌入"两型社会"的利他环保观念和环保行为后,对企业绩效产生的影响。结果表明,企业利己环保导向和利他环保导向并不矛盾,可以并存,且对企业绩效存在正相关关系,嵌入利他性的环保导向后,企业利己环保导向对企业绩效影响减弱;虽然企业环保行为仍然偏好产后污染治理("管末"策略),但利他环保导向却显著促进了企业基于环保的组织和战略创新("管前"策略)以及经营过程的环保策略("管中"策略)转变,并显著正向影响企业绩效。     

The extended dynamic capabilities model: A meta-analysis

This paper investigates, from meta-analytic approach, some topics that were unexplored in others dynamic capabilities meta-analysis. Hence, our research advances to identify and test the main antecedents of dynamic capabilities, the possible moderation effects of economic and cultural contexts in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance and the mediation effects between the antecedents of dynamic capabilities and firm performance. (1) The elements that stimulate dynamic capabilities development are resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and environmental dynamism. However, entrepreneurial orientation has no direct relationship with dynamic capabilities. (2) Dynamic capabilities play a mediating role between resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and firm performance. Curiously, entrepreneurial orientation is not mediated by dynamic capabilities in relation to performance. (3) Economic and cultural moderation affect the relation between dynamic capabilities and performance. Surprisingly, we detected that an Eastern orientation, presenting a high level of power distance and a low level of individualism, promotes stronger effects in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance than a Western orientation. Thus, our main contribution is to broaden the previous research on dynamic capabilities and to propose a future research agenda. In addition, this study adds new empirical evidence to the study of dynamic capabilities, which reduces the heterogeneity of previous results.     

人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的复杂性机理——基于高新技术企业的实证研究

破解人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的机理是战略人力资源管理研究领域的核心问题。基于164家高新技术企业的调查数据,采用层级回归模型检验了人力资源管理系统与企业绩效间的复杂性机理。结果显示,人力资源管理系统对企业绩效的正向直接效应显著,影响二者关系的外生变量是创新战略非高管价值观;人力资本在二者关系间的中介效应不显著,但以组织氛围为控制变量时中介效应有了显著提高;"组织氛围调节下的人力资本中介作用模型"很好地刻画人力资本发挥中介效应的机理。研究结果强化了我们对人力资源管理系统与企业绩效关系机理的认知,同时为高新技术企业管理者在实践中管理员工提供了有益启示。     

Experiential and Informational Knowledge,Architectural Marketing Capabilities,and the Adaptive Performance of Export Ventures: A Cross‐National Study

Knowledge‐based view (KBV) theory posits that the acquisition and use of relevant knowledge is key to understanding organizational performance. However, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support or refute several important propositions underlying KBV theory explanations of organizational performance. In particular, the extant literature has focused on individual technical and scientific components of the knowledge bases of firms in dynamic industries, and largely ignored both different levels of informational and experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, and the increasingly important context of exporting. Our study addresses these knowledge gaps by developing a framework for export venture knowledge management and empirically examining relationships between different types of individual‐level and organizational‐level knowledge relevant to the market environment, architectural marketing capabilities, and the adaptive performance of export ventures. Using primary data collected in the United Kingdom and China, our study indicates that export ventures' organizational‐level experiential and informational knowledge, and individual‐level experiential knowledge relevant to the market environment, is positively associated with export ventures' architectural marketing capabilities, which are in turn associated with the adaptive performance of export ventures.     

Uncovering the factors behind new ventures’ international performance: Capabilities,alertness and technological turbulence

This research is based on the perception that the explanation of International New Ventures' (INVs) performance demands a process view, going deeper than the standard approach, in empirical papers, of testing a direct relationship between company-level antecedents and performance. A three-tier model was developed to investigate the process leading to INVs international performance, emphasizing the role of entrepreneurial alertness. Based on the dynamic capabilities framework, entrepreneurial alertness was envisaged as the mediating element between firms' capabilities and their international performance. Empirical research confirmed the hypothesized model. Firms' capabilities (entrepreneurial orientation, foreign market knowledge, and absorptive capacity) significantly influence the level of entrepreneurial alertness, which impacts on the levels of self-reported satisfaction with the company's international performance. The paper makes four contributions to International Entrepreneurship literature. First, it highlights the key role played by entrepreneurial alertness in explaining INVs' international performance. This is convergent with the dynamic capabilities view on firms' ability to sense and seize specific international business opportunities. Second, this study considers entrepreneurial alertness as a capability that is not limited to the entrepreneur, but it is an organizational capability. Third, it shows that entrepreneurial alertness does not exist in the vacuum, is based on a set of base capabilities, namely entrepreneurial orientation, foreign market knowledge, and absorptive capacity, that simultaneously leverage the INVs to sense possible opportunities and constrain the focus of opportunities to international markets, as a key element to foster INVs' higher performance. Fourth, it underlines the role of technological turbulence as a moderator of the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and INVs' international performance.     

Inter‐organizational Cooperation and Environmental Change: Moderating Effects between Flexibility and Innovation Performance

The paper investigates the moderator effect of inter‐organizational cooperation in the relationship between workplace flexibility and innovation performance. This research question is important because innovation is dependent on the strategic integration of technological knowledge, requiring organizations to acquire new capabilities rapidly or to ensure the presence of knowledge that may be beyond existing internal capabilities. Inter‐organizational cooperation constitutes a relevant mechanism for a firm to increase its knowledge base concerning new products and processes. High‐cooperation firms may have more opportunities to take advantage of flexibility for innovation performance because it facilitates the access and dispersion of knowledge within the firm. We test the research hypotheses in a sample of manufacturing and service firms. The results contribute to the literature on flexibility and innovation because they demonstrate that inter‐organizational cooperation moderates the relationship between flexibility and innovation performance. We discuss the implications of these results for future research and managerial practice.     

Organizational learning in SMEs’ internationalization: A moderated mediating effect of absorptive capacity

We examine both mediation and moderation effects on the direct relationship between internationalization speed and firm performance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Building on prior studies that focus either on the direct speed–performance linkage or the moderating role played by knowledge, we suggest that an important source of performance variations is organizational learning. Grounded in the organizational learning perspective, we argue that firm strategies regarding speed and earliness of internationalization provide the SMEs with opportunities to develop their absorptive capacity, and thus enhance their performance. Using survey data from 343 SMEs in Australia and New Zealand, our empirical results suggest that absorptive capacity is associated with internationalization speed in a reversed U-shape relationship and that in turn absorptive capacity mediates the direct speed–performance relationship. Moreover, this mediating effect is moderated by earliness of internationalization. By demonstrating the moderated mediating effect of absorptive capacity as a novel mechanism to achieving superior performance, we enhance the understanding of how firms succeed internationally.     

组织创业气氛、创业导向与创业企业绩效研究

基于创业认知理论,拓展了创业导向与创业绩效的经典模型.通过数据调查,实证检验了组织创业气氛、创业导向以及创业企业绩效三者之间的关系,由此得出结论:①组织创业气氛与创业绩效具有正向关系,创业导向与创业绩效具有正向关系;②创业导向在组织创业气氛与衍生企业绩效之间起中介作用.     

Internationalization and performance: The moderating effects of organizational learning

By proposing a conceptual outline for a general model that explains the internationalization–performance link, we test the moderating effects of organizational learning on the relationship between internationalization and performance empirically. Integrating two distinct literature streams from the organizational learning perspective and the resource-based view, we present an integrated, multidimensional framework for analyzing multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) resources, internationalization, and organizational learning, as well as their associated impact on firm performance. Specifically, using a sample of 110 American MNEs, we find that while certain MNE resources motivate and precede internationalization, social and market learning (whereas technological learning does not) moderates the relationship between internationalization and performance. These findings extend prior research by establishing the importance of the relationships among MNE resources, internationalization, organizational learning, and firm performance.     

公司创业导向、双元能力与组织绩效

环境不确定的加剧,导致更多公司采取创业导向的战略,但是从公司创业导向到组织绩效,中间需要一定的转化路径与组织能力的支持.从理论上论证了组织的双元能力,即机会探索能力与机会开发能力在创业导向转化为组织绩效中所起的中介作用,并通过185份有效样本验证了中国背景下创业导向的独特维度组成,以及双元能力的中介效应.