Complementary properties of binary relations

After defining the complementary relation R of a binary relation R on a set X, this paper constructs the binary relation C (is a complementary property of) on the set P of nine well known elementary properties that R might possess. It deduces some theorems about C; especially that symmetry is the only one of these possible properties of R on X that is possessed by C on P. The set P may be enlarged to contain other elementary properties of R on X without changing the truth of these theorems, when the symbols of sets are properly modified. Finally, the paper discusses the desirability of a general theory of elementary properties of binary relations for the further development of statistical decision theory.     

Violence in Roman Egypt. A Study in Legal Interpretation

Claudia Ulbrich, Leibherrschaft am Oberrhein im Spatmittelalter (Veröffentlichungen des Max‐Planck‐Instituts für Geschichte 58) (1979), 327 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM 70). (Serfdom on the Upper Rhine in the Later Middle Ages)

Mervyn James, English Politics and the Concept of Honour, 1485–1642 (1978), 92 (Oxford, Past and Present, Supplement 3, £1.75).

Walter Makey, The Church of the Covenant, 1637–1651: Revolution and Social Change in Scotland (1979), vii+216 (John Donald, Edinburgh, £15).

Hilary J. Beattie, Land and Lineage in China: A Study of Tung‐ch'eng County, Anhwei, in the Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties (1979), x+208 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £12.50).

Charles F. Nunn, Foreign Immigrants in Early Bourbon Mexico, 1700–1760 (1979), xi+243 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £15.00).

R. B. Rose, Gracchus Babeuf. The First Revolutionary Communist (1978), ix+434 (Edward Arnold, £12.95).

Malcom J. Rohrbough, The Trans‐Appalachian Frontier: People, Societies, and Institutions 1775–1850 (1978), xv+444 (Oxford University Press, New York, £9.25).

Michael Ruse, The Darwinian Revolution: Science Red in Tooth and Claw (1979), xiv+320 (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, £12).

Benwell Community Project, Final Report Series no. 6, The Making of a Ruling Class, Two Centuries of Capital Development on Tyneside (1979), 121 (Benwell Community Project, 85/87 Adelaide Terrace, Benwell, Newcastle upon Tyne, paperback £1.80).

Adelheid von Saldern, Mittelstand im ‘Dritten Reich’. Handwerker ‐ Einzelhändler ‐ Bauern (1979), 401 (Campus Verlag, Frankfurt/New York, n.p.). (The Mittelstand in the Third Reich. Artisans ‐ Shopkeepers ‐ Peasants)     

Extreme Copulas and the Comparison of Ordered Lists

We introduce two extreme methods to pairwisely compare ordered lists of the same length, viz. the comonotonic and the countermonotonic comparison method, and show that these methods are, respectively, related to the copula T _M (the minimum operator) and the Ł ukasiewicz copula T _L used to join marginal cumulative distribution functions into bivariate cumulative distribution functions. Given a collection of ordered lists of the same length, we generate by means of T _M and T _L two probabilistic relations Q ^M and Q ^L and identify their type of transitivity. Finally, it is shown that any probabilistic relation with rational elements on a 3-dimensional space of alternatives which possesses one of these types of transitivity, can be generated by three ordered lists and at least one of the two extreme comparison methods.     

Pacific Worlds: A History of Seas,Peoples, and Cultures

Heinrich Fichtenau, Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders, translated by Patrick Geary (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, n.p.).

Craig Clunas, Superfluous Things: Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China (1991), x + 219 (Polity Press, Cambridge, £35.00).

Philip Rawlings (ed.), Drunks, Whores and Idle Apprentices: Criminal Biographies of the Eighteenth Century (1992), xi + 224 (Routledge, £40.00).

RuthPaley (ed.), Justice in Eighteenth‐Century Hackney: The Justicing Notebook of Henry Norris and the Hackney Petty Sessions Book (1991), xxxiii + 253 (London Record Society, £20.00).

Lee Davison, Tim Hitchcock, Tim Keirn and Robert Shoemaker (eds), Stilling the Grumbling Hive: The Response to Social and Economic Problems in England, 1689–1750 (1992), liv + 170 (Alan Sutton, Stroud, £25.00).

James A. Leith, Space and Revolution: Projects for Monuments, Squares and Public Buildings in France, 1789–1799 (1991), xiv + 362 (McGill‐Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston, £50.00).

R. J. Morris, Class, Sect and Party. The Making of the British Middle Class: Leeds, 1820–1850 (1990), xi + 356 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £35.00).

Anaclet Pons and Justo Serna, La ciudad extensa: la burguesia comercial‐finan‐ciera enla Valencia de mediados del siglo xix (1992), 389 (Diputació de València, Valencia, n.p.).

David J. V. Jones, Crime in Nineteenth‐Century Wales (1992), xiv + 295 (University of Wales Press, Cardiff, £25.00).

Martin J. Wiener, Reconstructing the Criminal. Culture, Law and Policy in England, 1830–1914 (1990), ix + 390 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £30.00).

Lucia Zedner, Women, Crime, and Custody in Victorian England (1991), 364 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £40.00).

Nancy Grey Osterud, Bonds of Community: The Lives of Farm Women in Nineteenth‐Century New York (1991), ix + 303 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, $42.50, paperback $14.95).

Eleanor Gordon, Women and the Labour Movement in Scotland, 1850–1914 (1991), 312 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £35.00).

Sonya Rose, Limited Livelihoods: Gender and Class in Nineteenth‐Century England (1992), ix + 292 (Routledge, £30.00).

M. L. Bush (ed. ), Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe since 1500: Studies in Social Stratification (1992), vii + 267 (Longman, £24.00, paperback £10.99).     

The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860–1914

David Gaunt, Familjeliv i Norden (1983), 327 (Gidlunds, Malmo, n.p.). (Family Life in the Nordic Countries.)

Peter Clark, The English Alehouse: A Social History 1200–1830 (1983), xiv+353 (Longman, paperback, £9.95).

Mary Fulbrook, Piety and Politics: Religion and the Rise of Absolutism in England, Württemberg and Prussia (1983), viii+215 (Cambridge University Press, £20.00, paperback £7.95.)

Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman (eds), Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution (1983), xxviii+314 (University Press of Virginia, Char‐lottesville, $15.95).

John Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales 1790–1810 (1983), x+310 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., £25.50).

Karen Halttunen, Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study of Middleclass Culture in America, 1830–1870 (1983), xviii + 262 (Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, £15.50).

David Englander, Landlord and Tenant in Urban Britain, 1838–1918 (1983), xviii+342 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £22.50).

Konrad H. Jarausch, Students, Society and Politics in Imperial Germany: The Rise of Academic Illiberalism (1982), viii+448 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $40.00, paperback $16.50).

Joseph Buckman, Immigrants and the Class Struggle: The Jewish Immigrant in Leeds 1880–1914 (1983), xii + 183 (Manchester University Press, £17.50). Harold Pollins, Economic History of the Jews in England (1983), 339 (Associated University Presses, £20.00).

S. A. Smith, Red Petrograd : Revolution in the Factories, 1917—1918 (1983), (Cambridge University Press, £25.00).

Robert J. Waller, The Dukeries Transformed: The Social and Political Development of a Twentieth‐Century Coalfield (1983), ix+319 (Oxford University Press, £22.50).

Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich, Bavaria 1933–1945 (1983), xv+425 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £22.50).

P. Abrams, Historical Sociology (1982), xviii+353 (Open Books, Shepton Mallet, £12.00, paperback £6.00).

D. Smith, Barrington Moore: Violence, Morality and Political Change (1983), viii+195 (Macmillan, £12.95, paperback £4.95).     

Town Born: The Political Economy of New England from Its Founding to the Revolution

Valerie A. Kivelson, Autocracy in the Provinces. The Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century (1997), xx + 372 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, $55.00).

Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700–1835 (1998), xi + 252 (University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska and London, $40.00).

William Reddy, The Invisible Code: Honor and Sentiment in Postrevolutionary France, 1814–1848 (1997), xv + 258 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $40.00).

Peter Mandler, The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home (1997), 544 (Yale University Press, New Haven, $45.00).

Pamela Scully, Liberating the Family? Gender and British Slave Emancipation in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa, 1823—1853 (1997), xiii + 210 (Heinemann, James Currey and David Philip, New Hampshire, Oxford and South Africa, $60.00, paperback $23.95).

Rick Halpern and Jonathan Morris (eds), American Exceptionalism? US Working‐Class Formation in an International Context (1997), x + 325 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Padraic Kenney, Rebuilding Poland: Workers and Communists, 1945–1950 (1997), xv + 360 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, $39.95).

Frederick Cooper, Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa (1996), xvii + 677 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, $69.95/ paperback $27.95).

David Horn, Social Bodies. Science, Reproduction, and Italian Modernity (1994), 189 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $45.00, paperback $15.95).     

Statistics and the Public Sphere. Numbers and the People in Modern Britain,c. 1800–2000

Susan Elizabeth Ramírez, The World Upside Down. Cross‐Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth‐Century Peru (1996), vii + 234 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, £45.00).

Biography Database, 1680–1830: Personal Edition (1997; a rerelease of the 1995 institutional edition with updated software) (Romulus Press Ltd with the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 91.83/$125).

Martin Hewitt, The Emergence of Stability in the Industrial City: Manchester, 1832–67 (1996), ix + 335 (Scolar Press, Aldershot, £45.00/$74.95).

Louise Young, Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism (1998), xiii + 487 (University of California Press, Berkeley, £35.00/$45.00).

Kevin Passmore, From Liberalism to Fascism: The Right in a French Province, 1928–1939 (1997), xvii + 333 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £40.00/$59.95).     

Edward Thompson's contribution to eighteenth‐century studies. The patrician‐plebeian model re‐examined

Mark Colvin, Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs: Social Theory and the History of Punishment in Nineteenth‐Century America (1997), x + 294 (St Martin's Press, New York, £35.00/$45.00).

Alex Lichtenstein, Twice the Work of Free Labor:The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South (1996), xix + 264 (Verso, London and New York, £39–95/$65–00, paperback £13.95/$19–00).

Adele Lindenmeyr, Poverty is Not a Vice: Charity, Society and the State in Imperial Russia (1996), xiv + 335 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £35.00/$49.50).

Hew Strachan, The Politics of the British Army (1997), 328 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £30.00/$55.00).

Philippe Minard, La fortune du colbertisme: Etat et industrie dans la France des Lumières (1998), 505 (Fayard, Paris, 160 FF). [Colbert's Legacy: State and Industry in Enlightenment France.]

William Doyle, Venality: The Sale of Offices in Eighteenth‐Century France (1996), xvii + 343 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £45.00/$85.00).

Alan Forrest, The Revolution in Provincial France: Aquitaine 1789–1799 (1996), vi + 377 (Clarendon Press, Oxford and New York, £45.00/$85.00).

Vanessa R. Schwartz, Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin‐de‐Siècle Paris (1998), xiii + 230 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $35.00).     

Social stability and agrarian change in the eastern lowlands of Scotland, 1810–1840

John J. McCusker, Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic World, Routledge Studies in International Economic and Social History, I (1997), xxiii + 426 (Routledge, London and New York, £65.00/$65.00).

Francesca Bray, Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial China (1997), xvi + 419 (University of California Press, London and Berkeley, £40.00/$50.00, paperback £15–95/$19–95).

Helen Bradley Foster, ’New Raiments of Self’: African American Clothing in the Antebellum South (1997), ix + 359 (Berg Publishers, New York, £39.95/$46.00, paperback

Howard B. Rock, Paul A. Gilje and Robert Asher (eds), American Artisans: Crafting Social Identity, 1750–1850 (1995), xx + 251 (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, £37.00/$45.00, paperback £14.00/$16.95).

David R. Green, From Artisans to Paupers: Economic Change and Poverty in London 1790–1870 (1995), xvii + 298 (Scolar Press, Aldershot £45.00/$76.95).

Gary B. Cohen, Education and Middle‐Class Society in Imperial Austria 1848‐igi8 (1996), xxi + 386 (Purdue University Press, £34.95/$40.95).

Pieter M. Judson, Exclusive Revolutionaries. Liberal Politics, Social Experience, and National Identity in the Austrian Empire, 1848–1914 (1996), xi + 304 (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, £42.50/$49.50).

Geoff Eley (ed.), Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870–1930 (1996), viii + 522 (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, £47.50/$59.50, paperback $26.95).

Neil MacMaster, Colonial Migrants and Racism:Algerians in France, 1900–62 (1997), vii + 307 (St Martin's Press, New York, £45.00/$65.00).

Gerd‐Rainer Horn, European Socialists Respond to Fascism. Ideology, Activism and Contingency in the 1930s (1996), xii + 211 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £42.50/845.00).

Eric D. Weitz, Creating German Communism, 1890–1990: From Popular Protest to Socialist State (1997), xviii + 445 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £52.50/$65.00, paperback £19–95/$24.95).

Ryan Bishop and Lillian S. Robinson, Night Market. Sexual Cultures and the Thai Economic Miracle (1998), x + 278 (Routledge, London and New York, £45.00/$65.00, paperback £12.99/$17.95).

Katharine H. S. Moon, Among Allies. Military Prostitution in U.S.‐Korea Relations (1997), xiii + 240 (Columbia University Press, New York, $47.50, paperback $16.95).     

Separated by Their Sex: Women in Public and Private in the Colonial Atlantic World

I. M. W. Harvey, Jack Cade's Rebellion of 1450 (1991), xiv + 220 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £30.00).

Philippa C. Maddern, Violence and Social Order in East Anglia 1422–1442 (1992), 270 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £35.00).

David Harris Sacks, The Widening Gate: Bristol and the Atlantic Economy, 1450–1700 (1991), xxvii + 464 (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, $45.00).

Carla Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789–1810 (1991), xvi + 540 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $29.95).

Marc Baer, Theatre and Disorder in Late Georgian London (1992), xv + 291 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £37.50).

John Russell Stephens, The Profession of the Playwright: British Theatre 1800–1990 (1992), xix + 254 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £32.50).

Jonathan Sperber, Rhineland Radicals: The Democratic Movement and the Revolution of 1848–1849 (1991), xvi + 528 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £27.50).

Donald Reid, Paris Sewers and Sewermen: Realities and Representations (1991), 235 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, £31.95).

Lenard Berlanstein, Big Business and Industrial Conflict in Nineteenth‐Century France: A Social History of the Parisian Gas Company (1991), xiv + 348 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $42.50).

Angela V. John, Our Mother's Land: Chapters in Welsh Women's History, 1830–1939 (1991), xiv + 216 (University of Wales Press, Cardiff £25.00, paperback £10.95).

Philip Jenkins, A History of Modern Wales, 1536–1990 (1992), x + 451 (Longman, £28.00, paperback £13.99).

David Ward, Poverty, Ethnicity, and the American City, 1840–1925. Changing Conceptions of the Slum and the Ghetto (1989), xiv + 263 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, paperback £9.95).

Temma Kaplan, Red City, Blue Period: Social Movements in Picasso's Barcelona (1992), xiv + 266 (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, $30.00).

Elizabeth Faue, Community of Suffering and Struggle: Women, Men, and the Labor Movement in Minneapolis, 1915–1945 (1991), xviii + 295 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $42.95, paperback $16.45).

Kathryn Bernhardt, Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangzi Region, 1840–1950 (1992), 326 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, $37.50).

Susan Archer Mann, Agrarian Capitalism in Theory and Practice (1990), xiv + 211 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $32.95).     

Turning to Nature in Germany. Hiking,Nudism, and Conservation, 1900–1940

David Rollison, The Local Origins of Modern Society. Gloucestershire 1500–1800 (1992), xvi + 319 (Routledge, £35.00).

Charles Carlton, Going to the Wars. The Experience of the British Civil Wars, 1638–1651 (1992), xii + 428 (Routledge, £25.00).

Ian Gentles, The New Model Army in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645–1653 (1992), xii + 584 (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, £40.00).

Peter Linebaugh, The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century (1991), xxvii + 484 (Allen Lane Penguin, Harmondsworth, £25.00; paperback (1993), £8.99).

L. D. Schwarz, London in the Age of Industrialization: Entrepreneurs, Labour Force, and Living Conditions, 1700–1850 (1992), xv + 285 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £35.00).

Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (1992), xvi + 511 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., £47.50, paperback £14.95).

Ann F. La Berge, Mission and Method: The Early Nineteenth‐Century French Public Health Movement (1992), xviii + 376 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00).

Joseph P. Reidy, From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Central Georgia, 1800–1880 (1992), xiv + 360 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London, $45.00).

Allan Greer and Ian Radforth (eds), Colonial Leviathan: State Formation in Mid‐Nineteenth‐Century Canada (1992), xii + 328 (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, US $62.00, paperback $25.95).

David Mitch, The Rise of Popular Literacy in Victorian England (1992), xxiii + 340 (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia n.p.).Patricia Anderson, The Printed Image and the Transformation of Popular Culture 1790–1860 (1991), xi + 211 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £30.00).

Henrika Kuklick, The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885–1945 (1991), 325 (Cambridge University Press, £30.00).

Maguelonne Toussaint‐Samat, History of Food (1992), xix + 801 (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, £25.00).

James Fentress and Chris Wickham, Social Memory (1992), xii + 229 (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, £35.00, paperback £11.95).     

Making Samba: A New History of Race and Music in Brazil

John K. Brackett, Criminal Justice and Crime in Late Renaissance Florence, 1537–1609 (1992), ix + 160 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £24.95).

Beverley Lemire, Fashion's Favourite. The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain, 1660–1800 (1992), xii + 244 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £30.00).

Bridget Hill, The Republican Virago. The Life and Times of Catherine Macaulay, Historian (1992), xiv + 263 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £30.00).

Charles F. Foster, Four Cheshire Townships in the 18th Century: Arley, Appleton, Stockton Heath and Great Budworth (1992), 88 (Arley Hall Place, Northwich, Cheshire, £6.95).

Marianne McLean, The People of Glengarry. Highlanders in Transition, 1745–1820 (1991), xxiv + 285 (McGill‐Queen's University Press, £29.95).

David Turley, The Culture of English Antislavery, 1780–1860 (1991), xii + 284 (Routledge, £35.00).

Pauline M. H. Mazumdar, Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failures. The Eugenics Society, Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain (1992), x + 373 (Routledge, £40.00).

Richard Vogler, Reading the Riot Act. The Magistracy, the Police and the Army in Civil Disorder (1991), xii + 206 (Open University Press, Milton Keynes, £32.50, paperback £14.99).     

Rider Haggard and Rural England : Methods of social enquiry in the English countryside

Anne Showstack Sassoon, Gramsci's Politics (1980), 261 (Croom Helm, £12.95)

Christine Buci‐Glucksmann, Gramsci and the State (1980), 470 (Lawrence and Wishart, £14)

Chantal Mouffe (ed.), Gramsci and Marxist Theory (1979), 288 (Routledge and Kegan Paul, £5.95)

Harold Entwistle, Antonio Gramsci, Conservative Schooling for Radical Politics (1979), 207 (Routledge and Kegan Paul, £3.95)

John A. Davis (ed.), Gram.sci and Italy's Passive Revolution (1979), 278 (Croom Helm, £12.50)     

Working‐class movement and working‐class life : Frankfurt am Main during the Weimar Republic∗

Lynn Lees, Solidarities of Strangers :The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700–1948 (1998), xii + 373 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Tim Hitchcock, Peter King and Pamela Sharpe (eds), Chronicling Poverty: The Voices and Strategies of the English Poor, 1640–1840 (1997), xii + 248 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XlXe‐XXe siècles) (1997), vii + 435 (Anthropos Historiques, Paris, 250FF). [Motherhood and Women's Rights in France in the 19th and 20th Centuries.]

Kathie Friedman Kasaba, Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity, and Work in the Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870–1924 (1996), xii + 242 (State University of New York, Albany, $59.50, paperback $19.95).

Mary Buckley (ed.), Post‐Soviet Women: From the Baltic to Central Asia (1997), xvii + 316 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$59.95, paperback £16.95/$22.95).

Sudhir Hazareesingh, From Subject to Citizen: The Second Empire and the Emergence of Modern French Democracy (1998), xiii + 393 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £40.00/$55.00, paperback £14.95/$19.95).

David E. Barclay and Eric Weitz (eds), Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1998), xi + 580 (Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, $79.00/£55.00).

Manuel Frey, Der reinliche Biirger. Entstehung und Verbreitung bürgerticher Tugenden in Deutschland, 1760–1860 (1997), 406 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM98). [The Clean Bourgeois. The Creation and Dissemination of Middle Class Virtues in Germany, 1760–1860.]

Alon Confino, The Nation as Local Metaphor. Wurttemberg, Imperial Germany, and National Memory, 1871–1918 (1997), xiii + 280 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $19.95).

Wolfgang Behringer, Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria. Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe, trans. J. C. Grayson and David Lederer (I997), xxi + 476 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$75.00).

Olaf Blaschke, Katholizismus mid Antisemitismus im Deutschen Kaiserreich (1997), 443 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM78).

Faith Wigzell, Reading Russian Fortunes: Print Culture, Gender, and Divination in Russia from 1765 (1998), xi + 250 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Sarah Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalin's Russia:Terror, Propaganda, and Dissent, 1934–1941 (1997), xix + 236 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$59.95, paperback , £11.95/$19.95).

Judith Pallot (ed.), Transforming Peasants: Society, State and the Peasantry, 1861–1930 (1998), xix + 264 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (1997), xvii + 313 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $39.50/£30.50, paperback $15.95/£13.95).

Theodore Huters, R. Bin Wong and Pauline Yu (eds), Culture and State in Chinese Society: Conventions, Accommodations and Critiques, Irvine Studies in the Humanities (1997), x + 500 (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, $65.00, paperback $24.95).

Cheryl Anne Cox, Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens (1998), xx + 253 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $45.00/$33.95).     

Physick and the Family: Health,Medicine and Care in Wales, 1600–1750

Steven Ozment, The Age of Reform 1250–1550. An Intellectual and Religious History of Late Medieval and Reformation Europe (1980), xii+458 (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, £15.75).

Ian Maclean, The Renaissance Notion of Woman. A Study in the Fortunes of Scholasticism and Medical Science in European Intellectual Life (1980), viii+119 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £7.50).

Edward Royle, Radicals, Secularists and Republicans: Popular Freethought in Britain, 1866–1915 (1980), xii+380 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £19.50).

Gail Braybon, Women Workers in the First World War (1981), 244 (Croom Helm, £11.95).

Eric Cahm and Vladimir Claude Fisera (eds), Socialism and Nationalism, 3 vols (1978–1980), 116+132+132 (Spokesman, Nottingham, £2.50 each).

Harold Perkin, The Structured Crowd, Essays in English Social History (1981), xii+230 (Harvester, Brighton, £20.00).     

The Culture of Giving: Informal Support and Gift-Exchange in Early Modern England

Alain Boureau, The Lord's First Night: The Myth of the Droit de Cuissage (1998), ix + 300 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, $55.00/£43.95, paperback $19.00/£15.25).

Rosemary Sweet, The Writing of Urban Histories in Eighteenth Century England (1997), ix + 356 (Oxford University Press, New York, £45.00/$90.00).

Gilbert M. Joseph, Catherine C. LeGrand, and Ricardo D. Salvatore (eds), Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of US‐Latin American Relations (1998), xv + 575 (Duke University Press, Durham, $19.95).     

The “Socialization of Elderly Hospitalization” in China: Development,Problems, and Solutions

ABSTRACT

Objectives to analyze the development of the elderly patients with chronic diseases and to make some suggestions for the elderly social hospitalization. Methods By using yearbook data and theoretical analyses, the paper respectively presents the problems and furthermore solutions of China's elderly services. Results The elderly patients with chronic illnesses have formed a new group, and the phenomenon of “socialization of elderly hospitalization” has become a major social risk. Discussions China needs to promote the idea of “long-term care” in elderly social security, establishing long-term care insurance and fostering a private, professional elderly service system.     

Kenya Between Hope and Despair, 1963–2012

Euan Cameron, The Reformation of the Heretics: The Waldenses of the Alps, 1480–1580 (1984), xviii+291 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £22.50).

Ruth McClure, Coram's Children: The London Foundling Hospitalin the Eighteenth Century (1981), xiii+321 (Yale University Press, New Haven, £15.00).

Anthony S. Wohl, Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain (1983), 440 (J. M. Dent &; Sons, £17.50).

Melanie Tebbutt, Making Ends Meet: Pawnbroking and Working‐Class Credit (1983), ix+235 (Leicester University Press, £14.00).

Lewis Pyenson, Neohumanism and the Persistence of Pure Mathematics in Wilhelmian Germany (1983), xi+136 (American Philosophical Society Memoirs 150, Philadelphia, n.p.).

Ken Plummer, Documents of Life (1983), xiv+175 (George Allen &; Unwin, £12.95, paperback £5#lb95).     

Suicide reports in the news – impact of Chief Coroner's call to open up suicide reporting

ABSTRACT

Aim: In 2010, the then Chief Coroner called for an opening up of suicide reporting in the press. We aimed to discover if this controversial action influenced the nature and extent of reporting of individual suicide cases in the newsprint media.

Method: A Factiva search of news reports from high circulation newspapers was conducted over four years. We counted the number of news reports of individual suicides and examined any mention of demographics, methods, location and contributing factors.

Results: We retrieved 291 individual suicide reports, 161 before and 130 after the Chief Coroners’ call. Reporting was more detailed after the call, with increased reporting of demographics, contributing factors and methods but less reporting of location. Most of these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion: The press did not appear to take the action of the Chief Coroner as a licence to report more frequently on individual suicide cases.     

Confluence: The Nature of Technology and the Remaking of the Rhône

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