Disability,the Senses and Apparel: Design Considerations

Sensory experiences are an important but infrequently explored aspect of clothing and apparel for people living with disabilities. Clothing serves as a type of ‘gate keeper’ to the social realm, especially for people living with disabilities. Newly emerging inclusive design approaches are increasingly addressing issues of accessibility and adaptability in the built environment, and these design approaches can and should be applied to clothing and apparel. Two broad categories of interest include: (1) Overwhelming or “too much” sensation, in other words, situations in which people would like to lessen the intensity of what they feel and (2) Limited sensation, lack of sensation, or circumstances under which people crave sensory input, but are restricted from feeling due to a variety of (typically medical or neurological) reasons. The lack of suitable apparel can become a genuine barrier for people living with disabilities, exposing them to the risk of a marginalized status, preventing them from fully participating in society. These barriers illustrate how the work of anthropologists, apparel, textile and engineering design teams with knowledge of sensory issues can offer options to those seeking to regulate the type and intensity of sensory experience and make a positive impact on their daily lives.     

Your lying,incompetent and selfish member of Congress: Cynical appeals in U.S. Senate advertising

Scholars still do not fully understand what activates cynicism in citizens. Although many expect that negative campaigning contributes to this, no consistent evidence has been found. This research introduces a new measure of appeals to cynicism that expands the commonly used positive–negative taxonomy of tone in advertising. Through a content analyses of more than 600 political advertisements aired during U.S. Senate elections, we identify the extent to which candidates use cynical appeals and the conditions under which these are used. We find that appeals to cynicism are common, are distinct from negative appeals, and that most often, ad sponsors target opponents with cynical appeals, describing them as selfish, dishonest and incompetent. Cynicism appears to be a central part of American campaign rhetoric, used by all sorts of candidates, regardless of party, in many different situations. The prevalence of appeals to cynicism may help explain rising cynicism among the public.     

Social work and the shadow father: lessons for engaging fathers in Northern Ireland

The legislative framework of social work practice has consistently highlighted the need to work in partnership with parents, with far‐reaching implications for families. However, the importance of engaging fathers in social work practice is an issue that has received limited attention within academic debate and research. A research study undertaken across six family centres, investigated paternal involvement in family centre social work in Northern Ireland. The study involved 46 semi‐structured interviews with social workers, fathers and mothers. This paper presents the views of 22 social workers on the barriers to paternal involvement in family centre interventions. A range of factors were identified which served to inhibit or promote engagement of fathers. There were substantially more deterrents than promoters, a clear indicator of the problematic nature of paternal involvement. The findings highlight that both attitudes and practices of social workers influence the engagement of fathers. Recommendations drawn from the findings are presented for the development of father – inclusive social work practices and research.     

See It,Sense It,Save It: Economies of Multisensuality in Contemporary Zoos

ABSTRACT

Contemporary zoos publicize their role as centers for the conservation of endangered species and include so-called “naturalistic displays.” These and other aspects of the new zoos can be fruitfully analyzed from the perspective of what some analysts describe as the predominance of “visual culture” in modern societies. The following essay nonetheless makes the case for an interpretation of zoos that highlights their multisensual character. On the basis of the semeiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce and the results of visitor research at two British zoos, the essay develops an account that articulates four different modalities of observation and their corresponding economies of multisensuality.     

Recurrence,eruptions, and a transnational turn: Three decades of strained relations between migrants to Norway and the Child Welfare Services

The relations between the Norwegian Child Welfare Services (CWS) and various migrant groups are notably strained. Numerous media accounts and a growing body of research reveal that many migrants to Norway fear the CWS. By combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of media accounts, this paper addresses the historical evolvement of such strained relations in Norway. Previous research has neglected this aspect. Findings show that migration issues related to the CWS have been topics of public debate in Norway for three decades, with foster care being a particularly intractable concern. With the onset of the decade beginning in 2010, however, matters have intensified and taken on transnational dimensions. In the discussion of our findings, we emphasize in particular how digital and social media have contributed to the recent changes.     

Found in (survey) translation: lessons learned while engaging with a wharekura in Southland,New Zealand

We liaised with a wharekura (Māori language immersion school) to translate and disseminate an online survey for a group of Māori youth in Southland, New Zealand (NZ). The focus of this article is not results, but the processes of respondent orientation and engagement to more genuinely include Māori in a youth survey. An online survey about transport and well-being was conducted with older teenagers from 12 schools, including the wharekura. After working with wharekura staff and students, the survey was translated from English into te reo Māori using best-practice methods. Steps were taken to safeguard authentic engagement, including how the survey translation was conducted, and how the survey data were shared. This NZ-specific experience adds to the literature about the practice of applying the principle of respondent orientation to the process of translating an existing survey into te reo Māori, demonstrating commitment to some Treaty of Waitangi principles. While this is not a kaupapa Māori research project, it is informed by some kaupapa Māori principles. This may be seen as a limitation of this work; however, we believe there are many positive experiences and lessons to be learned from our approach.     

当代西安文化的结构、功能及地位研究

西安文化是中华文化之根与魂。西安文化地位,主要看其在中华文化的大版图上居于什么地位。京派文化反映中国主体政治文化的成熟大器,海派文化反映着近代兴盛的经济文化的老到与机智,珠江三角洲文化反映着现代新潮文化乍起乍落鲜活与无所顾忌：西安文化则无处不表露出悠久历史积淀和主流文化、正统文化的深沉厚实,以及对于这种深厚的远去的自豪。文化问题是一个民族得以强大的最根本问题,文化的强大不仅能够增加精神实力,还可以增加经济实力。     

Lotteries in the real world

Observed patterns of lottery play suggest that many players believe they can improve their chance of winning by adjusting their bets according to which numbers have won in recent drawings, or in response to their dreams or other portents. This skill orientation is encouraged by state lottery advertising, which tends to be misleading in other respects as well. Patterns of lottery play and the content of lottery commercials provide readily available illustrations of psychological tendencies in risky decision-making that have been documented in laboratory experiments.This article is based on an informal presentation the authors gave at the Fifth International Conference on the Foundation and Application of Utility, Risk, and Decisions Theories at Duke University, June 11, 1990.     

北京地区大众传媒建构国家形象的策略

本文运用系统论、区域传播、全球化、资源位等理论初步探析了北京传媒塑造我国国家形象的策略,即树立传播的"球土化"意识,处理好京派文化、民族文化、世界文化这三重视域的关系,充分利用京城发生的"媒介事件",研究不同传媒资源位的不同策略,营造系统、高效、立体的传播网络。     

消费时代的审美正义——审美的伦理学视角

消费主义思潮深刻地影响着当代中国社会的日常生活,重新塑造着我们这个时代的审美文化品格与表征,同时也给学术界提出了新的审视和思考。面对当代审美文化呈现出平面化、世俗化、快感化和商业化的特点,学术界在调整自己学术理念的同时,更要坚守传统美学精神和审美正义,发挥审美特别是文学艺术的超越性和批判性潜能,揭穿日常生活审美化光环遮掩下的消费欲望横行的现实,从而完善主体的审美趣味和心性良知,挽救人的理性与感性的双重＂异化＂。     

口说文化、文字文化、媒介文化

人类文明经历了从口说文化到文字文化再到当代媒介文化的变迁。当代媒介文化已经成为一种生活方式。因此 ,有必要把握媒介文化生活的特点、好处和风险 ,对媒介文化生活进行批判性研究     

东欧新马克思主义研究方法探析--以南斯拉夫实践派为例

东欧新马克思主义的研究方法应该是多样性统一的。其多种研究方法不是孤立的,而是有机联系的,应综合地加以运用。同时,这些方法在根本上应该是马克思主义的,必须服从于马克思主义的理论旨趣,服务于人的自由全面发展。因而,东欧新马克思主义的研究方法必须是为人的,而不是人为的。     

Mothering in the context of domestic violence: the pervasiveness of a deficit model of mothering

Despite growing concerns with the situation of children exposed to domestic violence, and although women have been seen as central in the welfare of their children, limited attention has been paid to the issue of mothering in this context. This paper examines how concerns regarding abused women's mothering have been articulated in the academic literature on children's exposure to domestic violence, and argues that the dominant discourse in this area has been characterized by a deficit model of mothering. Implications of the pervasiveness of a deficit model for child welfare policies and practices are highlighted. Finally, this paper identifies key elements that should be considered in the development of a feminist perspective on mothering in the context of domestic violence, which could lead to less blaming and more supportive practices.     

唐代商人入仕途径考析

唐代商人入仕与前代相比较不仅数量增多,而且入仕多门。唐前期商人入仕途径主要有捐献财物、出任斜封官、以捉钱令史入仕、告密及受人提携而入仕;唐后期商人则可以通过私觌官制、朝廷卖官令、军功、科举、方镇辟署以及贿赂等手段跻身仕途。唐代商人入仕途径的演变既反映了唐代政治经济形势的变化,又彰显了他们不同于其他阶层的入仕特色。     

媒介动员、钉子户与抗争政治——宜黄事件再分析

宜黄事件具有某种标志性意义,它颠覆了当代中国抗争政治的刻板印象,创造了一个新的抗争政治类型。宜黄事件原本是一个普通的钉子户抗争事件,在进入媒体的视野之前,它只是底层政治的一部分,当事人采用的基本上属于“弱者的武器”的方式,并且是地方性的、特殊的和双轨的,显著性和协同性都不高。由于媒介动员将政策的内在张力呈现于公众视野,钉子户利用这一政治机遇结构,不断创新了抗争表演,从而使宜黄事件发生了规模转变和极化,最终使事件发展成为一场要求保护弱势群体利益,发动制度变革的专业化社会运动的一部分,宜黄事件也就具有了普适性的、模式化的和自主的特征。宜黄事件的遣散是因为钉子户和媒体的抗争目标出现了竞争,而并非明确的适度制度化所致,这是当代中国国家建设中“反体制”的体制重建的一部分。     

Australian Muslim Responses to the Discourse on Terrorism in the Australian Popular Media

The media is often referred to as a social institution in that it is a major element of contemporary Western society. Through the media, social processes create narratives or stories within interpretative frameworks that are embedded in the cultural and political assumptions of the wider society. Since the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in September 2001, the media has played a crucial role in the developing discourse on contemporary terrorism. In the Australian context, this discourse has emerged as one which implicates Australian Muslims, constructing them as a homogenous monolith with an underlying implication that Islam, and by association Australian Muslims, is secular resistant and at odds with the values of the liberal democratic state. Several textual analyses attest to the bias against Muslims in the popular Australian media discourse. However, there have been no studies into how Australian Muslims are interpreting and responding to this discourse. Based on research into the attitudes and perceptions of the media among Australian Muslims, this paper argues that the interpretation of the media discourse as defiantly anti‐Muslim and the perception of the media as a powerful purveyor of public opinion has impacted on the construction of Australian Muslim identity. In responding to this discourse, Australian Muslims are creating new narratives of belonging which either reinforce or reject the underlying messages that situate them outside mainstream Australia.