加大结构调整力度 保持平稳较快增长——当前宏观经济形势与对策分析

2010年世界经济将逐步走出衰退而复苏，我国经济面临新的发展机遇，但外部需求不足、贸易摩擦加剧等因素将带来一定的风险与不确定性。必须进一步增强发展经济的信心，提高宏观调控能力，增强创新驱动，加大力度推进经济结构调整，通过实施发展创新型经济、提升第三产业贡献率、调整外向型经济结构、推进绿色增长、调整国民收入分配结构等措施，保持经济平稳较快增长。     

中国旅游业现状与入世对策的思考

中国旅游业处于成长期 ,产品正在形成规模 ,市场正在发育 ,旅游消费刚刚兴起。国家二元经济结构、体制转轨、温饱上升为小康、逐步扩大开放、民族文化传统、国民素质、法制建设状况 ,以及产业成长期等特征 ,都作用于中国的旅游业。加入WTO后我国旅游业机遇与挑战并存。当前要抓紧企业转制 ,加快市场化进程 ;要广泛与国际标准接轨 ,并汲取其成熟经验 ;要抓紧人员素质的提高。从根本上讲要发挥后发优势 ,加强产品开发、市场开发和法制建设 ,搞好政府宏观调控和市场化管理 ,坚持可持续发展 ,在战略上统筹好 ,在战术上扎实推进。     

The Economic Effectiveness of Foreign Trade

The main task posed by the Twenty-Fourth Congress of our Party is that of increasing the economic effectiveness of the national economy. This is also fully applicable to the foreign economic relations of the USSR: a most important sphere of the economy. The directives of the congress on the Five-Year Plan for the Development of the USSR National Economy in 1971-1975 discuss the need to improve the methods and forms of foreign economic relations of the Soviet Union and to increase the initiative and responsibility of ministries and enterprises in the development of directions of such relations that are effective for the national economy. Foreign economic relations occupy a considerable place in the nation's economy. By the year 1973 USSR foreign trade turnover had increased (in comparable prices) 1.9 times compared with 1965 and was 25.3 times greater than the 1938 level.     

Sectarian terrorism in Pakistan: Causes,impact and remedies

Although terrorism has been widely studied for its impact and potential determinants in Pakistan, the answer to the policy question regarding the role of external factors in influencing specifically the sectarian terrorism is not empirically well researched. The study, particularly, analyses the role of Pakistan’s regional foreign policy towards neighbouring India, Afghan wars, and the relations with bi-polar fundamental Muslim Block, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Iran, on sectarian (religious) terrorist incidents for the period 1973–2017. The findings suggest that economic cooperation with India which drive peace-making relations increases the sectarian terrorism. Both the bilateral loans disbursed by the KSA and trade relations with Iran, significantly increase the chances of sectarian terrorism in Pakistan by activating extremist (proxy) groups. However, the Afghan Wars that call for Pak-US strategic partnership helps Pakistan to control the religious terrorism.     

产业集群与经济增长关系的模型构建与分析

传统经济增长理论,没有考虑到配置资源和协调经济活动的组织——产业集群,而产业集群的兴起及其对经济增长的促进作用向传统经济增长理论提出了挑战。在基于产业集群的新视角下,知识资本、组织资本和社会资本将成为经济增长的内生变量,并通过规模收益递增、外部规模经济和范围经济、区域创新优势三种传导机制作用于经济增长。把基于产业集群的知识资本、组织资本和社会资本作为无形资本,构建了内生经济增长模型。     

Child Malnutrition and Mortality in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis

In this article, after having identified the main clusters of food-insecure households worldwide, and summarily analyzed their livelihood profiles, we discuss the interaction and relevance of the most relevant key economic and social factors causing child malnutrition and mortality. On the basis of an essential but consistent World Bank database, covering all developing and transition countries, we also carry out a cross-country econometric analysis on relations of income and non-income factors with child malnutrition and mortality. Our main findings are threefold. First, among income factors, each country's overall level of economic development is paramount, but income distribution also plays an important role. Second, taking into account that public provision of basic services tends to increase with economic growth, each country's relative propensity to spend on basic services is significantly and negatively correlated with child malnutrition and mortality. Third, gender-related cultural factors also play a large role.     

经济一体化对地区安全的影响——以南方共同市场为例

经济一体化与地区安全之间有何关系?安全关系原本比较紧张的国家之间能否进行地区经济一体化合作?经济一体化对地区安全有怎样的影响?很多地区一体化的实践对此都难以做出回答。然而通过分析南方共同市场的已有经验,我们发现,安全关系相对紧张的国家之间不仅能够进行经济一体化合作,而且这种合作对改善地区安全有着重要的促进作用。南方共同市场成功实现了经济关系对安全关系的"外溢",使成员国之间的安全关系得到改善和发展。     

Flexible specialization and the German toy industry, 1870-1914

Flexible specialization presents many attractions both as an analytical tool and as a model for industrial development. Efforts to theorize and historicize the concept, however, have sometimes assumed such central importance for social, cultural and political factors that economic concerns have been obscured. As a closer examination of the German toy industry reveals, there are a variety of largely economic factors that also play a substantial role in the development and success of decentralized networks of producers. In particular, the expectations of consumers, the nature of available production technology and the number of components available for subcontracting all play substantial roles in structuring the toy industry. Once these economic considerations are included a fuller, more persuasive account of the origin and success of flexible specialization emerges.     

经济形态后发转化国家面临的机遇、挑战及对策

生产的技术方式决定经济形态 ,从人类社会生产资料和劳动方法的变革和发展看 ,先后产生和发展了包括体力生产方式、土地生产方式、资本生产方式和智力生产方式等四种基本的生产的技术方式。与四种基本的生产的技术方式相对应 ,形成和发展了包括采集—渔猎经济、农业经济、工业经济、知识经济等四种基本经济形态 ,于此同时 ,由于世界上的各个国家的经济社会、科技文化与人口劳动力发展的差异 ,各国的生产的技术方式也存在差别 ,各个国家的经济形态也不相同 ,并一直处于发展变化之中 ,在这一过程中 ,存在经济形态先行转化国家与经济形态后发转化国家 ,经济形态后发转化国家将面临特殊的发展机遇 ,也面对严峻挑战。为此 ,必须对经济形态后发转化国家进行必要保护     

对黑龙江省工业文化遗产保护的思考

黑龙江省有我国"一五"时期建设的老工业基地,在社会主义建设过程中对经济社会发展做出了突出的贡献。"十一五"期间,黑龙江将依靠雄厚的工业基础,用高科技改造传统产业,振兴老工业基地。基于此,企业将面临着技术更新、技术改造、产业转产甚至倒闭等问题。在这种大背景下,工业文化遗产保护就带有抢救意义。对工业文化遗产的有效挖掘和保护是建设和谐社会、提高国民文化素质、推动社会进步的需要,是发展循环经济和建设节约型社会的需要,因此要尽快制定黑龙江省工业遗产保护战略与方案。     

中国与东盟的经贸关系:2006年回顾暨2007年展望

回顾2006年在中国和东盟双方政治互信进一步加强,战略伙伴关系深入发展背景下,双方经贸关系发展所取得的主要成果,对2007年可能影响双方经贸关系的若干因素作了分析和判断。在此基础上,对2007年双方经贸关系的走向作了展望,指出在东亚经济合作出现新机遇和世界及东亚地区经济继续保持快速增长情况下,中国和东盟经贸关系将快步向前发展。     

论新型工业化中的主导产业

我国要实现的工业化必须是新型的工业化 ,而不能延续传统的工业化概念。在新型工业化实现的过程中 ,鉴于经济发展的不平衡和复杂状态 ,我国可以有多种路径的选择。但是 ,在当今信息化高度发达的现时代 ,从联接国际市场的必然趋势看 ,以信息产业为主导的工业化模式将是我国实现新型工业化的最为主要的路径选择。我们应确认信息产业已经是世界范围内的主导产业 ,是经济全球化之中资本运动的联络点 ,因此 ,借助于这一高新技术产业的带动作用 ,我国可以在经济转轨的同时 ,顺利实现既定的工业化目标。     

深圳和汕头地区经济增长要素贡献的实证比较

地区经济增长差异在扩大一直是经济发展中的一个值得关注的问题。影响地区增长差异的因素是多方面的,包括生产要素、需求条件、相关和支持性产业、企业战略、产业结构、机遇、政府作用等。利用CD生产函数比较汕头与深圳经济长期增长中各要素的贡献率,分析影响两地经济增长差异的要素。     

试论中国古代"治世"的经济成因及其当代价值——以"文景之治"、"贞观之治"为例

在中国历史上,出现了几个政治相对清明、社会比较稳定的“治世”时期。当时的统治集团能够采取一系列有利于发展经济的措施,从而为劳动人民的生产创造了一定的条件。在古代“治世”时期实行的经济措施,主要有解放奴婢,驱民归农;奖励开垦,兴修水利;轻徭薄赋,厉行节约等等。认真分析古代“治世”的经济成因,对于现今我国农业的发展乃至新农村的建设均具有重要的借鉴意义。当前,我们应该大力发展农村的多种经营,促进农村产业的多样化;在坚持土地承包制的同时,运用多方力量,完善农业生产的各种设施,促进农业生产的现代化;同时,应加快面向农村的各项制度改革,多管齐下,在减轻农民负担的同时切实增加农民的收入,从而促进农村经济的发展。     

试用马克思主义哲学方法总结改革开放三十年

用马克思主义哲学方法对改革开放三十年做一个总体性的思考，可以看到改革开放的各项政策都经历了一个否定之否定的正、反、合过程，只有不断地对一些新矛盾进行新的反正，才能在更高层次上转向新的综合。辩证地看待改革开放三十年，我们既要充分肯定三十年取得的伟大成就，也要看到存在的问题和潜在的风险，包括生产力与生产关系之间的矛盾，经济基础与上层建筑之间的矛盾，生产力内部的矛盾，生产关系内部矛盾，以及社会意识形态与社会存在的关系等等问题。关于经济运行机制，在继续坚持市场改革的同时，要重新强调国家宏观计划调控的作用；关于所有制结构，在坚持多种所有制共同发展的同时，要重新强调“公有制为主体”；关于分配关系，要从“让一部分人先富起来”转向“更加重视社会公平”。     

中国发展南太平洋地区关系的外交战略

南太平洋地处中国外交大周边,构建良好的南太平洋周边环境是中国外交战略的重要组成部分。考虑到南太平洋地区独特的外交环境以及中国与南太平洋国家关系的现状,中国应坚持将南太平洋地区作为"经济伙伴"、"政治依托"和"安全保障"的战略定位,抓住双方的共同需求和合作愿望,通过多种途径推进双方关系的发展。尽管中国与南太平洋国家关系的发展受到一些内外因素的影响,但随着经济和社会的进一步发展,双方在各自对外战略中的地位将会继续得到提升,从而为双方关系持续、稳定、深入发展创造更为广阔的空间。     

China-Germany Industrial Cooperation in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative—An Analysis Focusing on Shandong Province*

At present, economic decision-makers and theorists predict that the robust alliance of “German technology” and “made in China” will reach new global heights through the development of intelligent manufacturing. However, the path to the realization of this prediction is still being explored. Shandong is a microcosm of China’s economic development and China-Germany cooperation, so the province can be analyzed as a representative example of the industrial choices and implementation strategies of this cooperation. In practice, China-Germany industrial cooperation should take into account industries where Germany has an advantage and the industrial development priorities and future growth potential of China and Shandong. We should thus focus on raising the quality of German investment and attending to its spill-over effects. The findings of a quantitative analysis of Shandong’s industrial gradient coefficient and industrial correlation show that the future alignment of German and Shandong industry should adhere to the principle of “emphasizing key points and storing up resources for the future.” For this reason, we should not only strengthen the key fields of Shandong’s industrial alignment with Germany, but also actively cultivate areas with potential. Research on the pattern of German investment in China indicates that German companies’ choice of investment location has certain distinctive features. The factors that matter most in attracting German investment are the concentration of German first-comer enterprises in the host country, the shape of the business environment and the level of human capital and regional science and technology. For this reason, against the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, Shandong’s alignment with German industry should focus on building industry chains, constructing investment platforms and shaping the external environment.     

Labor-Environmental Relations: An Analysis of the Relationship between Labor Unions and Environmentalists

Objective. I seek to assess the quality of relations between labor unions and environmental organizations and to identify economic, political, and organizational factors that influence those relations. Methods. A survey of state labor leaders was conducted in order to determine the quality of relations between unions and environmental organizations around the United States. Ordinary least squares regression is used to identify associations between state level economic and political indicators and the quality of labor-environmental relations. Results. Relations between labor unions and environmentalists are generally positive. Except for the timber industry, there is no evidence of hostility between environmentalists and unions in industries that may be threatened with job loss due to environmental measures. Republican control of state government and labor-industry cooperation are associated with poor labor-environmental relations. Conclusions. Popular beliefs about entrenched "jobs versus the environment" conflict are largely unfounded. Instances of conflict between unions and environmental advocates are rare and largely isolated in certain employment sectors. Although unions and environmentalists share certain interests, Republican political control reduces cooperation between these two constituencies. Unions can be seen as situated between employers and environmentalists in regard to environmental issues. Cooperation with employers results in poorer relations between unions and environmentalists.     

Political influence in multi-choice institutions: cyclicity,anonymity, and transitivity

We study political influence in institutions where each member chooses a level of support for a collective goal. These individual choices determine the degree to which the goal is reached. Influence is assessed by newly defined binary relations, each of which ranks members on the basis of their relative performance at a corresponding level of participation. For institutions with three options (e.g., voting games in which each voter may vote “yes”, “abstain”, or vote “no”), we obtain three influence relations, and show that their strict components may be cyclic. This latter property describes a “paradox of power” which contrasts with the transitivity of the unique influence relation of binary voting games. Weak conditions of anonymity suffice for each of these relations to be transitive. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for each of these relations to be complete. Further, we characterize institutions in which the rankings induced by these relations, and the Banzhaf–Coleman and Shapley–Shubik power indices coincide. We argue that extending the influence relations to firms would be useful in efficiently assigning workers to different units of production. Finally, we provide applications to various forms of political and economic organizations.     

论黑龙江省旅游经济与农业经济的携手发展

旅游业发展应该打破单一发展模式 ,向其他经济领域融合渗透 ,形成多元化发展趋势。黑龙江是农业大省 ,生态资源十分丰富 ,近几年 ,绿色食品产业迅速崛起 ,为旅游业提供了更广阔的发展空间。发展农业生态旅游 ,有利于形成农村地区特色经济 ,提高农民生活水平。旅游经济与农业经济相辅相成 ,不可分割 ,旅游部门与农业部门应该打破行业界限 ,联手协作 ,共同开拓旅农相结合的发展道路 ,推动我省整体经济向前发展