京西古村落遗产旅游可持续发展探索——以爨(川)底下村为例

古村落是文化遗产体系中的一种重要类型,是人类智慧和自然环境的结晶,有着重要的历史、艺术及科学价值。京西门头沟地区分布着30余座古村落。目前大多数古村落已经或即将进行旅游开发。本文以爨底下村为例,在评述遗产资源的基础上,指出其旅游发展中出现的问题,并对爨底下村遗产旅游可持续发展提出建议。     

Applying Psychology to Help Save the World: Reflections on a Career in Psychology

This reflective personal account traces phases of the author's career where he saw psychology as relevant to major world problems. Chronologically, these problems included issues of international conflict, waste of energy and natural resources, human behaviors that caused environmental destruction, and the paramount threat of global climate change. Psychologists can make valuable contributions to describing, evaluating, and resolving these problems, and their vital importance should motivate the research and teaching of many psychologists. Our generation's success in achieving sustainable patterns of living on the Earth will determine whether the Earth will retain a livable environment for future generations. Brief suggestions are offered for approaches that may lead to more effective research and advocacy on crucial social issues.     

西安市秦岭沿线旅游资源开发研究

西安市秦岭北坡自然旅游资源丰富 ,文化积淀深厚 ,森林公园数量多、面积大 ,但目前对旅游资源的开发仅处于起步阶段 ,许多问题仍有待解决。深层次开发这里的旅游资源时 ,需遵循一定的思路和原则 ,并且必须加强规划 ,突出特色与个性 ;同时 ,应与环保工程协调发展 ,重视资金的筹措和市场定位等     

论矿产发现权

矿产发现是启动矿产资源产业链的关键环节。随着我国经济的发展，权利客体的对象、种类也在不断发生变化．人们对世界的认知也随着科技进步而逐步深入，对自然环境和自然资源的认知和开发定位引起我国学界的广泛关注。通过对矿产资源发现成果的分析，可以看到发现权还包括自然资源发现权，而且其法律性质是一种具有财产权属性的民事专有权。     

论资源经济运行及其宏观调控

资源经济的增长和发展对于一个国家的经济社会发展具有十分重要的现实意义,但是现代主流经济理论对资源经济及其运行问题的研究很少。由于资源经济是整个国民经济的一个重要组成部分,因而资源经济运行就成为整个宏观经济运行的重要组成部分;进一步说,资源经济运行就是资源经济增长和发展的宏观表现形式或制度表现,是有关资源经济总量和结构变化、有关资源经济运行的体制和机制发挥作用的状况。     

Is China Affected by the Resource Curse? A Critical Review of the Chinese Literature

This meta-analysis aims to identify the relationship between natural resources abundance and economic growth in China to provide policy guidance for sustainable development. Empirical evidence was collected from 44 studies published in Chinese between 2005 and 2017 at provincial and city level. Results show that the existence of the resource curse is ambiguous. Although most of the studies conclude that the resource curse exists, particularly in the fast-growing central and western regions of China, a number of studies find the opposite. This latter finding is mainly attributed to other growth determinants and transition mechanisms, such as spillover effects driving the demand for natural resources and resulting in higher prices. Significant methodological advances have been made over the past decade, both in terms of the econometric modelling of causal relationships between economic growth and natural resources and the level of empirical control through the inclusion of new explanatory factors. However, in order to enhance the comparability of results, more attention should be paid to the types of resources and their measurement, alternative determinants of economic growth, such as new economic policies, as well as the application of appropriate econometric modeling approaches. The paper ends with policy recommendations.     

论我国实施可持续发展战略所面临的问题及对策

从可持续发展的观念来分析,我国实施可持续发展战略面临诸多问题,如受传统观念、人口危机带来的问题、自然资源短缺、环境质量差和粗放型的经济增长方式等方面的影响.因此,必须有针对性地制订我国实施可持续发展战略的对策,采取有力措施,使可持续发展观念变成一种现实的生产力.     

Patterns of Socialist Intensification

On the basis of economic intensification, the USSR is resolving strategic problems of major historical significance: the creation of the material and technological foundation of communism and the formation of a new, higher level of well-being. Intensification is at the same time a means of "close combat" and helps perform current economic tasks. In the first instance it primarily takes the form of implementing the most important attainments of the scientific and technological revolution, large-scale capital investment programs, and fundamental changes in technical retooling and the organization of labor. The performance of current tasks is based mainly on the optimal use of available productive capital and labor resources. The performance of all tasks is closely interconnected. Under the Eleventh Five-Year Plan the rational and economical use of natural, material, and labor resources is a decisive and very effective method of multiplying the nation's wealth and of securing the rapid growth of socialist accumulations and consumption resources.     

纽埃的社会变迁及其民族、文化的迷失

纽埃从前殖民时期封闭、独立的民族主体,正一步一步向以新西兰为代表的西方国家文化价值延伸。随着文化价值取向的演变,大量的纽埃人移居海外,留守本土的纽埃居民数量急剧减少,但无论留守居民还是海外移民,都经历着前所未有的文化失落与身份困惑,从而产生了深刻的自卑感。本文认为,纽埃的自然资源严重匮乏、地理位置孤立、自然灾害频发,它的生存与发展亟需国际社会各方面的援助,而这些援助又不可避免地加重了纽埃民族的失落与困惑。     

Does Privatization Protect Natural Resources? Property Rights and Forests in Guatemala

Objectives . Property rights are central to debates about natural resource policy. Governments traditionally have been seen as the appropriate custodians of natural resources for their citizens. More recently, many argue the privatization of property rights will ensure that users have incentives to manage their resources well. Common property, to the extent it is discussed at all, is seen as leading to the tragedy of the commons. We evaluate these claims by assessing property rights and forest conditions in two private and three communal forests in Guatemala. Methods . Data on biological and social phenomena from five forests (151 plots) and their associated communities were collected using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions Research Program protocols. Ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze four models. We examined t -scores for differences in coefficients for the different models. Results . The models demonstrate that de jure property rights are not a powerful predictor of variations among the sampled forests. Conclusions . We argue that de facto institutions and their enforcement are much more important than de jure property rights to forest management. Communities holding a forest in common can, under certain circumstances, create institutions to manage their resources as successfully as—or more successfully than—private owners.     

论广西北部湾经济区海湾综合开发的环境政策

从环境与发展实际出发,当前广西北部湾经济区综合开发必须从环境资源和自然资源的开发利用与节约保护、环境污染防治与生态安全、自然与历史文化遗迹的利用与保护、资源利用与环境保护的市场化以及投融资机制等方面制定地方性的环境资源政策,以保证海湾环境资源与自然资源的综合开发利用的可持续性。     

环境纠纷的行政处理机制探析

在环境纠纷的非诉讼解决机制中,环境纠纷的行政处理制度是一项十分重要的制度。在我国,环境纠纷的行政处理主要有环境行政复议、行政裁决和行政调解三种方式。对于环境污染纠纷的行政处理,我国一般规定为不可诉的行政调解行为,而对于自然资源纠纷的行政处理,则规定为具有法律效力的行政裁决行为。这种法律规定的差异不仅导致了我国环境纠纷行政处理的法律体系存在混乱和冲突,而且在实践中也不利于环境纠纷的解决。     

我国制造业发展的资源约束要素分析

制造业的发展受到各种资源的约束。制造业面临着自然资源、生态资源、经济资源以及社会资源等约束问题。各种资源约束要素之间是变化的、互相联系的、存在差异的与可控的。资源的利用与制造业发展是相辅相成的，如何实现资源的持续利用是制造业可持续发展的关键所在。     

论中国古代芦苇资源的自然分布、社会利用和文化反映

芦苇是我国分布最为广泛和丰盛的草本资源,唐以前我国北方的生态状况良好,芦苇资源较为丰富。宋以来北方环境恶化,芦苇分布也相对萎缩和减少。唐以前人们对南方的芦苇资源关注不多,中唐以来随着人口增加和经济中心的南移,长江中下游流域和东部沿海地区的芦洲苇区受到重视。我国人民利用芦苇至少有7000多年的历史,芦苇编席绞绳、用作建筑材料的历史最久,新石器遗址即发现芦席、芦泥土块,民间编席、盖屋一直延续至今。芦苇的燃料价值最为重要,先秦时即设官专事积贮,明清时森林资源匮乏,芦柴资源就日见重要。芦苇的食用、药用始见于汉,此后长用不衰。宋元以来,沿江滨海芦洲苇地开始征税,官民之间竞谋其利,构成了经济史上一个特殊的现象,突出体现了芦苇资源的历史价值。芦苇广泛的自然分布和普遍的经济应用,也激发人们广泛的兴趣,相应的文学艺术作品极为丰富。芦苇风景以规模浩渺、江湖生境称胜,备受人们的喜爱。人们通过芦苇意象感受时序的变迁,抒发江湖飘泊的情怀,寄托江湖逍遥的志趣,从而赋予了丰富的人文意义。综合自然资源、历史作用和文化意义诸方面的因素而言,芦苇在我国草本植物资源中极其重要,地位仅次于竹,而超越于其他植物之上。     

北京地区人才资源现状与开发对策研究

从全国范围来看,北京地区在人才资源的绝对拥有量、人才层次、人才培养能力等方面,都具有相当的优势。但从总体上讲,北京人才资源及其开发建设还存在不少问题,同经济社会发展的需要还有一定差距。新的世纪,北京要抢占新一轮经济发展的契机,赢得国际经济竞争的主动,关键在于营造良好的人才环境,大力加强人才资源的开发与管理。     

Ecology and Economic Development

The party and the government attach paramount importance to the rational, comprehensive utilization of natural resources and to the conservation of the country's natural wealth. The decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the USSR Council of Ministers "On Additional Measures to Strengthen Nature Conservation and to Improve the Utilization of Natural Resources" notes that nature conservation and the rational utilization of natural resources are among the most important economic and social tasks of the Soviet state in view of the rapid development of industry, transport, and agriculture and the utilization of an ever increasing quantity of natural resources.     

黑龙江省加快绿色食品产业发展的战略选择

黑龙江省绿色食品产业发展离不开自然环境和自然资源禀赋,更不能缺少社会资源潜力的开发利用。加快黑龙江省绿色食品产业发展应立足资源禀赋,采取以下战略措施:加强自然资源的合理开发和保护,提高资源利用率;适应消费需求,加快绿色食品市场营销力度;健全和完善绿色食品技术支撑体系;挖掘资源潜力,降低绿色食品生产成本;推进黑龙江省绿色食品国际化制度体系的建立;加快绿色食品科研成果转化步伐等。     

关于陕西木王国家森林公园开发的设想

陕西镇安历史悠久 ,地位重要 ,镇安木王国家森林公园旅游资源丰富 ,发展潜力大。加快镇安旅游业的发展 ,要找准市场 ,突出特色 ;创新观念 ,提高投资回报率 ;加快旅游人才队伍的建设 ,实现旅游开发投资的突破 ,把陕西木王国家森林公园开发建设成具有竞争力和远近闻名的旅游度假胜地     

The Social Development Summit and the developing countries

This article discusses some concerns of the 1996 UN Summit on Social Development. Conference organizers identified the three key conference issues as poverty alleviation, social integration of the marginalized and disadvantaged, and expansion of productive employment. The goal of a "society for all" means dealing with the increasing differences between rich and poor countries, the survival of weaker economies in a competitive market system, wide variations in consumption patterns between countries, attainment of political stability while respecting ethnic identity, the rise in social problems among countries with a high human development index, and increasing joblessness. The Human Development Report for 1994 emphasizes human security. Social development is not the equivalent of human resource development nor a side issue of economic growth. The integration of ethnic groups poses social and political problems. There remains a question about what political system and culture would be best for social integration. Developed countries define poverty as the inability of people and government to provide resources and necessary services for people's productive activity. Poverty in developing countries is blamed on colonialism. Globally, developed countries control 71% of world trade. Sharing resources to meet basic needs throughout the world is not an operational ideal. The highest 20% of income earners receive 83% of the world income. The culture of poverty is the strategy used by the poor to survive. Welfare is not an end in itself but does enable the poor to improve their conditions. Development that focuses on productive employment is uncertain. Developed and developing countries do not share similar perceptions of human rights. There is a question as to who should set the priorities for social development. Sustainable social development is related to preservation of natural resources, control of population growth, and promotion of social security.     

高科技企业投资对策研究

所有的竞争都来自实力,所有的实力都取决于科技,科技的重要载体--高科企业的成长壮大直接决定国家竞争力.资金短缺是高科技企业发展的永恒话题,在中国即将加入WTO大背景下,如何进一步发展高科技企业的投融资空间,具有重要而深远的现实意义.通过对高科技企业在银行贷款、证券市场、风险投资和利用外资等投资市场筹资现状分析,剖析存在的问题,从企业的自身调整、投资市场的发展完善和国家政策支持等角度,提出了适应未来新规划的对策建议.