The Dehumanization of Man: Dimensions and Processes

This paper is concerned with the dimensions and processes of dehumanization within the context of our contemporary social order. It considers briefly the nature of post-industrial society and its dehumanizing consequences, discussing the various dimensions of dehumanization articulated by various writers. The core argument is that dehumanization is created by external social structural conditions and only later becomes internally self-generating within the individual, which can lead to a self-perpetuating dehumanization syndrome.     

The Care Programme Approach: Dimensions of Evaluation

Correspondence to Barbara Hatfield, Mental Health Social Work Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, 12th Floor, Mathematics Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Summary The study examined the first six months of implementation ofthe Care Programme Approach (the CPA) at a psychiatric unitof a district general hospital. From an analysis of the researchliterature on case management, and from current policy, a frameworkwas developed which was used to analyse the implementation understudy. The framework included such features as: a keyworkeroffering a continuous relationship and co-ordinated care; assessmentand intervention over a range of ‘needs’; multidisciplinaryworking in the community; and involvement of user and carer.The objectives were to ensure continuity of care and reducehospital admission. The targeted service users were to be thosewith severe and enduring mental health problems. The study showsthat most of these features were achieved in the implementation,although there is no evidence that hospital admission was avoided.A number of factors were found to be associated with re-admission,and these are discussed in the light of the findings of otherstudies.     

西方管理学范式的三种维度

在西方管理学范式的领域中,范式维度被视为影响研究设计和范式取向或指向的一个重要变量.本文总结了西方管理学范式的三种维度,即科学主义范式、人本主义范式和文化主义范式,指出文化主义范式是管理学范式的又一次重大变革.     

Sensory Loss

Hearing and vision losses are among the most corn- rnon chronic conditions affecting elderly people. Individually, each loss can be a major threat to independence and the quality of life; the combined loss of both hearing and vision creates a whole new world-muffled, blurred, and disorienting. Traditionally, social work- ers have left issues of sensory loss lo the rehabilitation specialists. Yet sensory loss is a psychosocial problem, and social workers have a great deal to offer. This paper describes a demonstration project in which a social worker coordinated the work of specialists in two agencies, provided direct service, and identified some ways in which social workers in a variety of settings might address Ihe service needs of this large and growing population.     

Sensory Orientations and Sensory Designs in the American Deafworld

ABSTRACT

In order to understand the meaning of deafness, one needs to understand the role of senses in culture. The DeafWorld is a sensory world. People who are d/Deaf create their own sensory profile. There are three principal sensory orientations among d/Deaf people in the American DeafWorld: visual, auditory, and tactile. These orientations have led to the invention of visual, tactile, and auditory sensible objects and architectures to fit the d/Deaf world and d/Deaf subjects' needs. These objects are also partly generated through interaction with the audist sensory orientation of the hearing world and thus constitute a kind of bridge between the two worlds while at the same time contributing to their distinctive contours.     

现代性的三个向度

现代性是一个多元与复杂的概念,至少可以从三个角度来开拓对它的理解,也相应地存在对后现代反思的三个视角:作为历史意识的现代性把现代性理解为一种不可逆转的、线性进步的、受普遍规律支配的且具有终极目标的历史过程与时间感.这种现代性忽视了差异的存在,对应的后现代主义则突出了空间因素的价值,肯定历史的特珠性与偶然性.作为启蒙的现代性确立了进步、理性、普遍性与主体性等原则,痴迷于客现性、精确性、明晰性、统一性与绝对性.在后现代主义批评中,启蒙现代性不仅没有给人类带来自由与解放,反而变成了披上进步与真理外衣的压迫与控制.而作为审美的现代性是对前两种现代性的反叛,渴望模糊性、多样性、混乱、瞬间、短暂与相对性等价值,凭借与日常生活经验的分化,追求救赎、拒绝平庸与体验瞬间.后现代主义艺术则呈现为去分化、无深度、无中心、无根据、游戏、模拟等特征.现代性的内在繁杂性,不仅要求反思视角的多样化,而且本身也构成思考现代性与后现代主义的重要动力之一.     

Home Street Home: The Interpersonal Dimensions of Adolescent Homelessness

This paper draws on the available literature, as well as unpublished data, to reconstruct the often chaotic early childhood experiences of homeless adolescents and to describe the problematic ways of relating that may result from these troubled life histories. We also examine the processes by which homeless youth become separated from their families, and we make connections between socio-emotional problems on the street and early neglect and abuse at home. The risk-amplification model is offered as a theoretically compelling explanation of the adolescent homeless experience, high rates of victimization on the streets, and mental health problems that arise out of these circumstances. Finally, we present a promising approach for intervening with homeless youth, one that explicitly targets this cycle of ineffective interpersonal relationships.     

浅谈主体性的三个维度——从环境问题的产生谈起

随着人类对外部世界的改造活动的不断展开和主体性观念的不断增强 ,人类在不断取得辉煌文明成果的同时 ,发现自身也正面临着史无前例的诸多危机 :环境危机、能源危机、核危机和生态危机等等。如果这些危机最终不能得到解决的话 ,整个人类文明似乎将要面临一场灭顶之灾。面对这种“矛盾”的现实 ,引发了人们对主体性的种种哲学思考。有人发出“主体性的黄昏”的慨叹 ,当然也有人坚持主体性是无法消解的 ,只不过在 2 0世纪 ,主体性哲学实现了一种新的转型。为此 ,本刊认为有必要就主体性问题展开讨论 ,以求探索一种具体的或温和的主体性观念 ,从而引导人类文明健康发展     

Dimensions of Restorative Justice

Restorative justice proponents tend to focus their attention on criminal justice initiatives in a small number of developed countries, but restorative processes (which encourage citizens to negotiate among themselves, rather than rely on professionals to adjudicate), and restorative values (which emphasize the importance of repairing and preventing harm), can be found across a wide range of regulatory fields. Teachers, social workers, corporate regulators, civil mediators, members of truth commissions, diplomats, and peacekeepers all—at least some of the time—practice a variety of restorative justice. Consideration of these often-neglected examples can help refine current restorative justice theory and practice, which in turn has insights to offer practitioners and researchers in these fields.     

Introducing Sensory Studies

ABSTRACT

Color serves a variety of purposes in society from identifying groups to conveying symbolic meanings to providing aesthetic pleasure. More subtle effects of color can be found in the environments that human communities construct around themselves. At Doon School, an elite boys' boarding school in northern India, color is intimately associated with the students' activities, social relationships and sensory experiences. It defines their status and shapes their everyday lives. The uses of color at the school are consistent with a wider social aesthetic emphasizing restraint, logical thought and the training and presentation of the body. Many of these values can be seen to have their origins in the school's colonial history and postcolonial aspirations.     

The Psychotherapeutic Dimensions of Clinical Case Management with a Combat Veteran

This article addresses the overlapping dimensions of clinical case management and psychotherapy. The theoretical framework that is used as the basis of analysis is drawn from the work of D. W. and Clare Winnicott. Kanter has more than adequately demonstrated that these two authors were extremely knowledgeable about clinical case management and psychotherapy. The conclusion of the paper agrees with D. W. Winnicott (1961 Winnicott, D. W. 1961. “Varieties of psychotherapy.”. In Home is where we start from: Essays by a psychoanalyst, Edited by: Winnicott, C, Shepherd, R and Davis, M. 101–111. New York: Norton.  [Google Scholar]) who defined clinical case management as a variety of psychotherapy. The shared psychotherapeutic dimensions of clinical case management are identified as a focus on human development, the importance of the facilitating/holding environment and issues related to transference and countertransference.     

中国传统文化的向度及其运作方式

中国传统文化是一个三维空间。它的三个维度分别是政治整合、家庭本位与内在超越。三个坐标构成三个平面 :即政治整合与家庭本位的组合构成社会的自然化 ,家庭本位与内在超越的组合形成伦理本体化 ,政治整合与内在超越的组合形成精英集团“内圣外王”的人生目标。这蕴含着中国传统文化是一种没有时间性的文化 ,它物化为精神父亲型的专制统治和封闭性的人格结构     

The Micro and Macro Dimensions of Gambling in the United States

A national probability sample of 1736 respondents and a Nevada State probability sample of 296 respondents were surveyed during the summer of 1975 to determine the extent of gambling activity in the United States, to estimate the amount of government revenue that could result from various changes in the gambling laws, and to predict the social consequences of these changes. While there were large variations among regions and demographic groups, a majority of all adult Americans gamble. Wagers on commercial games amounted to $22.4 billion in 1974 of which $17 billion was wagered legally and approximately $5 billion illegally.     

马克思主义公正观的基本向度及方法论原则(英文)

在社会公正问题的大讨论中,罗尔斯、诺齐克、哈耶克、麦金泰尔等当代西方思想家的论述被反复引用和申说,而将马克思恩格斯等经典作家的观点置于一种被忽视甚至被忘却的状态。形成这种状态的原因是多方面的。对历史背景和语境不作具体的分析,就难以把握马克思恩格斯对于社会公正问题的真实态度和精神实质,甚至会得出他们不仅没有关于社会公正的理论,而且反对和拒斥从社会公正角度讨论问题的结论。马克思主义作为无产阶级认识和改造世界、求得自身解放和人类解放的世界观和方法论,是真理与价值相统一的理论,也只有从科学向度与价值向度辩证统一的角度,才可能对作为价值之一种表现的公正问题作出合理的理解。公正既是一种价值观念,具有评价标准的功能,也是实际的价值（包括利益、机会、权利等）分配的一种状态,其中会涉及自由与平等的矛盾、形式公正与实质公正的矛盾、一般与特殊的差别、平等与效率的抵牾、公正与不公正的对立,等等,只有运用辩证思维的方法,才能对其复杂性获得正确的认识。     

The Marxist View of Equity: Basic Dimensions and Methodological Principles

在社会公正问题的大讨论中﹐ 罗尔斯、诺齐克、哈耶克、麦金泰尔等当代西方思 想家的论述被反复引用和申说﹐ 而将马克思恩格斯等经典作家的观点置于一种被忽视 甚至被忘却的状态。形成这种状态的原因是多方面的。对历史背景和语境不作具体的 分析﹐就难以把握马克思恩格斯对于社会公正问题的真实态度和精神实质﹐ 甚至会 得出他们不仅没有关于社会公正的理论﹐ 而且反对和拒斥从社会公正角度讨论问题 的结论。马克思主义作为无产阶级认识和改造世界、求得自身解放和人类解放的世 界观和方法论﹐ 是真理与价值相统一的理论﹐ 也只有从科学向度与价值向度辩证统 一的角度﹐ 才可能对作为价值之一种表现的公正问题作出合理的理解。公正既是一 种价值观念﹐ 具有评价标准的功能﹐ 也是实际的价值(包括利益、机会、权利等)分 配的一种状态﹐ 其中会涉及自由与平等的矛盾、形式公正与实质公正的矛盾、一般 与特殊的差别、平等与效率的抵牾、公正与不公正的对立﹐ 等等﹐ 只有运用辩证思 维的方法﹐ 才能对其复杂性获得正确的认识。

关键词: 社会公正 公正观 价值立场

In the wide ranging discussion of social equity issues, the theories of contemporary Western thinkers such as Rawls, Nozick, Hayek and MacIntyre are repeatedly cited and expounded. By contrast, for various reasons, classical writers like Marx and Engels have been overlooked or even forgotten. Without a concrete analysis of their historical background and context, it is hard to grasp the true attitude and spiritual essence of the views of Marx and Engels on social equity. We might even conclude not only that they had no theory of social equity but that they opposed and rejected approaching questions from this angle. As a world view and methodology enabling the proletariat to know and transform the world and liberate themselves and mankind, Marxism is a theory that unites truth and value. A rational understanding of the issue of equity as an expression of value is only possible when the dimensions of science and value are dialectically combined. On the one hand, equity is a value concept that functions as a standard for evaluation; on the other, it refers to an actual state of values distribution (including interests, opportunities and rights) that inevitably involves the contradiction between freedom and equality and between formal and substantive equity, the difference between the general and the specific, the conflict between equality and efficiency, the opposition between equity and inequity and so on. Only a dialectical mode of thinking can ensure a correct understanding of the complexity of social equity issues.     

民主集中制研究的三维视角

始终坚持民主集中制的建党原则,这是中国共产党在组织建设上的鲜明特征。对民主集中制问题的研究是马克思主义党的建设理论研究的重要内容,而深化对这一问题的研究,不仅需要加强理论探讨,也需要研究方法的创新,尤其是采取什么样的研究视角,至关重要。本文认为:时代变革的视角、党内主体的视角和党内关系的视角,是进一步深化对民主集中制问题的研究应该采取的三维视角。