基于灰色系统理论的两种房价预测方法比较

文章以灰色系统理论作为理论基础,分别构建了GM(1,1)模型和融入灰色理论的一元线性回归模型对房价进行预测。通过对上海浦东新区房市做实证分析发现:GM(1,1)模型的拟合程度和预测精度均优于灰色一元线性回归模型,并且GM(1,1)模型更加适应样本数据较少的情况。     

基于全最小一乘准则的灰色GM（l，1）模型参数估计

针对传统灰色GM（1,1）模型参数估计的最小二乘算法稳健性较差,在分析全最小一乘算法比最小二乘算法具有较好稳健性的基础上,文章提出了基于全最小一乘准则估计灰色GM（1,1）模型的参数,并给出了求解该算法的LINGO~序和规划模型方法,并通过计算实例说明,基于全最,J、一乘准则参数估计的GM（1,1）模型比传统灰色GM（1,1）模型具有更好的抗干扰性能和受异常点影响小的优点,从而拓展了灰色GM（1,1）模型的适用范围。     

基于灰色PGM(1,N)模型的人口发展预测

为提高我国人口预测模型的预测精度,文章分析了GM(1,1)和PGM(1,N)预测模型的特点,并分别利用GM(1,1)和PGM(1,N)模型对我国人口的变化情况进行了预测,发现灰色PGM(1,N)预测模型有更高的精度和可靠性,更适合于我国人口的预测。     

股价预测的GM(1,1)模型

本文应用灰色系统理论,对股票价格变化建立GM(1,1)预测模型,并进行了实证分析.结果表明,把股票价格动态变化过程看作一个灰色系统,利用所建立的模型可较好地预测股票价格的短期发展变化趋势;同时通过与用ARIMA模型预测的拟合比较,表明在对股票价格作短期预测时,用GM(1,1)模型进行预测比用ARIMA模型进行预测具有更高的精确度.     

基于全最小一乘准则的灰色GM(1,1)模型参数估计

针对传统灰色GM(1,1)模型参数估计的最小二乘算法稳健性较差,在分析全最小一乘算法比最小二乘算法具有较好稳健性的基础上,文章提出了基于全最小一乘准则估计灰色GM(1,1)模型的参数,并给出了求解该算法的LINGO程序和规划模型方法,并通过计算实例说明,基于全最小一乘准则参数估计的GM(1,1)模型比传统灰色GM(1,1)模型具有更好的抗干扰性能和受异常点影响小的优点,从而拓展了灰色GM(1,1)模型的适用范围。     

基于模式搜索法优化的GM(1,1)模型

文章分析了GM(1,1)模型的缺陷,即背景值构造和初始值确定的不足,建立了加权背景值和具有修正项的初始值,背景值权值和初始值修正项采用具有全局寻优能力的模式搜索法求解,实例证明模式搜索法优化的灰色GM(1,1)模型提高了预测精度。     

改进的GM(1,1)模型及其应用

为提高GM(1,1)模型的预测精度,针对GM(1,1)模型的特点,提出了将遗传算法与LS-SVM算法融合对GM(1,1)模型中的参数估计方法进行改进.该方法首先根据GM(1,1)灰色差分方程的特点,构造以背景值序列和原始序列为训练样本的灰色LS-SVM模型,将GM(1,1)模型参数的估计问题转化为灰色LS-SVM模型参数的估计问题,然后利用遗传算法对LS-SVM自身的参数进行寻优预处理,再对经过优化参数的灰色LS-SVM,依据LS-SVM算法求解回归参数,进而得到GM(1,1)模型的参数估计.将改进的GM(1,1)模型用于实际的经济预测问题,并与传统的预测方法进行比较,结果表明,方法是可行的且有效的.     

改进的 GM(1,1)模型及其预测精度分析

文章分析了现有灰色GM(1,1)模型的缺陷,根据最小二乘原理,提出了以GM(1,1)的一次累加生成建模序列所有分量的拟合误差平方和最小为约束条件,以求得新灰色GM(1,1)预测模型的最优初始值;对原GM(1,1)模型进行了改进,构建了新的GM(1,1)模型,并与现有的GM(1,1)模型进行了预测精度的比较。仿真分析结果表明了新改进预测模型的有效性。     

一种新的非等间隔灰色预测模型

文章分析得出传统非等间隔GM(1,1)模型模拟序列并非GM(1,1)模型的指数序列,因此导致其应用范围不及GM(1,1)模型。建立模拟序列为指数序列的非等间隔GM(1,1)模型,线性组合背景值的建立使得模型满足无偏性。以实例数据验证了新的非等间隔灰色预测模型对非等间隔近似指数序列拟合具有更高的精度,拓广了灰色理论的应用范围。     

基于灰色系统理论及关联度分析的生产总值统计模型

一、灰色系统理论及GM(1,1)模型灰色系统理论是我国学者邓聚龙于1982年提出的,是一种研究少数据、贫信息不确定性问题的方法。鉴于生产总值系统的复杂性、不确定性以及灰色系统理论的优点,采用灰色系统模型GM(1,1)对生产总值进行统计分析是适宜的。(一)GM(1,1)模型设原始数据序     

无偏GM（1,1）幂模型及其应用

针对GM（1,1）幂模型灰微分方程与白化方程无法匹配的缺陷,以灰微分方程的重构为基础,建立无偏GM（1,1）幂模型。该方法使得差分方程的参数与其在微分方程中对应的参数具有更好的一致性。将无偏GM（1,1）幂模型应用到旅游客源预测中,实例应用结果显示无偏GM（1,1）幂模型预测精度高于GM（1,1）模型。     

A generalization of the Grizzle model to the estimation of treatment effects in crossover trials with non-compliance

Compliance with one specified dosing strategy of assigned treatments is a common problem in randomized drug clinical trials. Recently, there has been much interest in methods used for analysing treatment effects in randomized clinical trials that are subject to non-compliance. In this paper, we estimate and compare treatment effects based on the Grizzle model (GM) (ignorable non-compliance) as the custom model and the generalized Grizzle model (GGM) (non-ignorable non-compliance) as the new model. A real data set based on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is used to compare these models. The results based on the likelihood ratio statistics and simulation study show the advantage of the proposed model (GGM) over the custom model (GGM).     

近似非齐次指数增长序列的间接DGM（1,1）模型分析

DGM（1,1）模型对近似齐次指数增长序列具有较高的预测精度,而实际上服从近似齐次指数增长规律的数据序列十分有限。根据灰色系统理论的差异信息原理,通过原始序列的累减生成将近似非齐次指数增长序列转化为近似齐次指数增长序列,对累减生成序列建立DGM（1,1）模型,并在此基础上实现对原始序列的还原以达到数据模拟及预测之目的。因原始序列的累减生成最大可能地满足了建模序列的齐次性要求,提高了模拟及预测精度,拓展了模型的适用范围,故通过算例验证了此种改进方法的简单性、实用性及有效性。     

MARS as an alternative approach of Gaussian graphical model for biochemical networks

The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is one of the well-known modelling approaches to describe biological networks under the steady-state condition via the precision matrix of data. In literature there are different methods to infer model parameters based on GGM. The neighbourhood selection with the lasso regression and the graphical lasso method are the most common techniques among these alternative estimation methods. But they can be computationally demanding when the system's dimension increases. Here, we suggest a non-parametric statistical approach, called the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as an alternative of GGM. To compare the performance of both models, we evaluate the findings of normal and non-normal data via the specificity, precision, F-measures and their computational costs. From the outputs, we see that MARS performs well, resulting in, a plausible alternative approach with respect to GGM in the construction of complex biological systems.     

Parameter changes in GARCH model

A new method for detecting the parameter changes in generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity GARCH (1,1) model is proposed. In the proposed method, time series observations are divided into several segments and a GARCH (1,1) model is fitted to each segment. The goodness-of-fit of the global model composed of these local GARCH (1,1) models is evaluated using the corresponding information criterion (IC). The division that minimizes IC defines the best model. Furthermore, since the simultaneous estimation of all possible models requires huge computational time, a new time-saving algorithm is proposed. Simulation results and empirical results both indicate that the proposed method is useful in analysing financial data.     

Extended lasso-type MARS (LMARS) model in the description of biological network

The multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model is one of the well-known, additive non-parametric models that can deal with highly correlated and nonlinear datasets successfully. From our previous analyses, we have seen that lasso-type MARS (LMARS) can be a strong alternative of the Gaussian graphical model (GGM) which is a well-known probabilistic method to describe the steady-state behaviour of the complex biological systems via the lasso regression. In this study, we extend our original LMARS model by taking into account the second-order interaction effects of genes as the representative of the feed-forward loop in biological networks. By this way, we can describe both linear and nonlinear activations of the genes in the same model. We evaluate the performance of our new model under different dimensional simulated and real systems, and then compare the accuracy of the estimates with GGM and LMARS outputs. The results show the advantage of this new model over its close alternatives.     

内蒙古自治区人口总量的时间序列拟合与预测

以1950-2007年内蒙古自治区人口总量数据为依据,利用ARIMA（1,1,1）与GM（1,1）模型分别对内蒙古人口总量的时间序列进行了拟合、分析与预测。分析结果表明：两种模型的拟合程度都比较高,但灰色模型的拟合度更高。因此用GM（1,1）模型对内蒙古自治区2010-2012年的人口总量进行了预测。     

Quasi-maximum exponential likelihood estimation for a non stationary GARCH(1,1) model

ABSTRACT

This article investigates a quasi-maximum exponential likelihood estimator(QMELE) for a non stationary generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH(1,1)) model. Asymptotic normality of this estimator is derived under a non stationary condition. A simulation study and a real example are given to evaluate the performance of QMELE for this model.     

A robust closed-form estimator for the GARCH(1,1) model

In this paper we extend the closed-form estimator for the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH(1,1)) proposed by Kristensen and Linton [A closed-form estimator for the GARCH(1,1) model. Econom Theory. 2006;22:323–337] to deal with additive outliers. It has the advantage that is per se more robust that the maximum likelihood estimator (ML) often used to estimate this model, it is easy to implement and does not require the use of any numerical optimization procedure. The robustification of the closed-form estimator is done by replacing the sample autocorrelations by a robust estimator of these correlations and by estimating the volatility using robust filters. The performance of our proposal in estimating the parameters and the volatility of the GARCH(1,1) model is compared with the proposals existing in the literature via intensive Monte Carlo experiments and the results of these experiments show that our proposal outperforms the ML and quasi-maximum likelihood estimators-based procedures. Finally, we fit the robust closed-form estimator and the benchmarks to one series of financial returns and analyse their performances in estimating and forecasting the volatility and the value-at-risk.     

A Model Specification Test For GARCH(1,1) Processes

We provide a consistent specification test for generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH (1,1)) models based on a test statistic of Cramér‐von Mises type. Because the limit distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis depends on unknown quantities in a complicated manner, we propose a model‐based (semiparametric) bootstrap method to approximate critical values of the test and to verify its asymptotic validity. Finally, we illuminate the finite sample behaviour of the test by some simulations.