为什么中国企业难以国内跨地区经营?

国内跨地区经营有助于企业充分利用各地区的市场机会和异质性资源,是企业实现可持续成长的重要战略选择。虽然庞大的国内市场为跨地区经营提供了良好的外部条件,但中国企业在国内跨地区经营方面却表现较差。有鉴于此,本研究致力于揭示企业国内跨地区经营面临的制度性障碍,以进一步促进企业国内跨地区经营。通过理论分析和基于中国证券企业数据的实证检验发现,目标市场的制度环境对企业跨地区经营战略有正向影响,目标市场和企业所在地之间的制度距离以及目标市场的市场分割程度对跨地区经营战略有显著的负向影响,说明地区制度环境差、地区之间的制度距离大和市场分割严重是企业国内跨地区经营面临的重要障碍。从影响强度来看,制度距离的负向影响最强,地理距离的负向影响次之,市场分割的负面影响最弱,制度环境的绝对影响强度处于地理距离和市场分割之间。本研究还发现上述因素对跨地区经营战略的影响强度与企业跨地区经营经验和目标市场规模有关,企业跨地区经营经验越丰富、目标市场规模越大,制度环境对跨地区经营战略的正向影响越强,制度距离和市场分割对跨地区经营战略的负向影响越弱。本研究揭示了企业国内跨地区经营面临的制度性障碍,并比较了不同制度因素影响强度的大小,不仅对企业评估各地区经营环境、科学合理地制定跨地区经营战略,而且对政府进一步促进企业国内跨地区经营有重要启示。     

私营企业党组织嵌入、企业家地位对企业社会责任的影响

基于中国私营企业综合调查的微观数据库,实证分析了党组织嵌入对私营企业履行社会责任的影响以及企业家地位感知的调节效应。研究表明：(1)党组织嵌入(制度嵌入)以及企业家嵌入党组织(网络嵌入)对私营企业社会责任产生显著促进效应,且党组织嵌入对私营企业参与社会治理的意愿、参与环境治理、进行企业社会责任披露以及履行员工社会责任等不同社会责任内容维度的影响则具有异质性效应。(2)企业家地位(经济地位、社会地位与政治地位)在党组织嵌入与企业社会责任之间产生负向调节效应;进一步检验结果表明,企业家地位对企业社会责任产生显著的正向促进效应。(3)异质性分析结果表明,党组织嵌入对企业社会责任的促进效应,在市场化程度更高的制度环境以及无政治关联的企业中更为明显。     

权变视角下联盟网络与新创企业成长关系研究

基于权变视角,整合社会网络理论和战略制度观,探讨了联盟网络对新创企业成长的影响,并考察了制度环境和行业环境的调节效应。以189家中国新创企业的调研数据为基础开展了实证检验。结果表明,新创企业联盟网络关系强度及中心性位置对其成长绩效具有显著的正向影响;制度环境完善性在联盟网络关系强度与新创企业成长绩效关系中发挥着显著的负向调节作用;行业环境动态性正向调节联盟网络关系强度与新创企业成长绩效间关系,却负向调节联盟网络中心性位置与新创企业成长绩效间关系。     

高铁开通与股价同步性:信息效应还是治理效应?北大核心CSCDCSSCI

经济主体之间的地理距离是影响信息传递效率的重要因素,交通基础设施建设可以通过重塑空间结构来减少由于地理距离造成的信息损失.本文利用中国高铁开通这一准自然实验,检验了高铁开通影响股价同步性可能存在的信息效应和治理效应.研究发现,高铁开通显著降低了沿线企业的股价同步性,采用安慰剂检验和工具变量法控制内生性问题后该结论依然稳健;作用机理研究表明,高铁开通主要通过信息效应而非治理效应来降低股价同步性;异质性分析发现,在初始交通资源匮乏和信息基础设施薄弱的地区,高铁开通对股价同步性的影响更为显著.本文为新经济地理学和资本市场会计与财务领域的交叉研究提供了有益启示,证实了交通基础设施建设在提升资本市场信息效率方面有着积极作用,为在“一带一路”建设框架下实现区域资本市场的互联互通提供参考.     

高铁开通与股价同步性：信息效应还是治理效应?

经济主体之间的地理距离是影响信息传递效率的重要因素,交通基础设施建设可以通过重塑空间结构来减少由于地理距离造成的信息损失.本文利用中国高铁开通这一准自然实验,检验了高铁开通影响股价同步性可能存在的信息效应和治理效应.研究发现,高铁开通显著降低了沿线企业的股价同步性,采用安慰剂检验和工具变量法控制内生性问题后该结论依然稳健;作用机理研究表明,高铁开通主要通过信息效应而非治理效应来降低股价同步性;异质性分析发现,在初始交通资源匮乏和信息基础设施薄弱的地区,高铁开通对股价同步性的影响更为显著.本文为新经济地理学和资本市场会计与财务领域的交叉研究提供了有益启示,证实了交通基础设施建设在提升资本市场信息效率方面有着积极作用,为在“一带一路”建设框架下实现区域资本市场的互联互通提供参考.     

国际化会促进母国社会责任脱耦吗?——基于制度逻辑视角的研究北大核心CSSCI

中国企业“走出去”实现国际化扩张、获取海外资源过程中,面临着多重制度嵌入以及相应的制度压力。基于全球合法性构建的战略考虑,企业会选择母国社会责任脱耦(即企业社会责任实践(“做”)与社会责任报告(“说”)不一致)回应母国和东道国制度逻辑冲突。文章基于制度逻辑视角,利用2011—2018年中国上市公司研究样本数据,分析了国际化程度对于母国社会责任脱耦的影响,检验了行业竞争压力和制度差距的调节作用。实证结果发现:(1)随着国际化程度加强,企业在母国市场的反应性社会责任脱耦减弱,而战略性社会责任脱耦加强;(2)行业竞争压力削弱了国际化程度和母国反应性社会责任脱耦的负向关系,而对国际化程度和母国战略性社会责任脱耦的正向关系具有强化作用;(3)制度逆差对于国际化程度和母国反应性社会责任脱耦关系具有负向调节作用。研究结论为新兴经济体企业如何通过社会责任战略回应国际化的复杂制度压力和合法性要求提供了经验借鉴。     

产学研联盟组合伙伴地理集中度如何影响企业创新绩效——中介效应与调节效应分析

企业与来自不同地区的高校、科研机构建立多个产学研联盟已经成为了中国当前的普遍现象。然而,现有研究对此现象缺乏足够关注,也未厘清产学研联盟组合伙伴地理分布特征与企业创新绩效之间的关系。基于此,本研究使用186家中国制造业上市公司2013-2017年的非平衡面板数据,探讨了产学研联盟组合伙伴地理集中度影响企业创新绩效的作用机制和情境条件。研究发现,产学研联盟组合伙伴地理集中度对企业创新绩效具有显著的负向影响,企业吸收能力在该关系中发挥了部分中介作用。此外,制度发展水平、市场竞争、环境不确定性均强化了产学研联盟组合伙伴地理集中度对企业创新绩效的负向作用。研究结论拓展了产学研联盟、联盟组合以及伙伴地理特征对企业创新绩效影响的相关研究,并为中国企业的产学研联盟组合实践提供了启示。     

中国企业履责动因机制实证研究

在结合制度理论和资源基础理论的基础上,揭示出合法性机制和效率机制2种逻辑下的企业社会责任动因机制。研究发现,社会责任是企业与利益相关者建立关系、获取合法性的一种手段;当社会责任植根于社会价值观体系时,这种内在的信仰和规范构成了新实践扩散的稳定基础;在既缺乏"示范效应"又缺失"惩戒效应"的商业环境中,同行压力不足以对中国企业的社会责任行为产生明显激励作用。另外,内部资源构成了企业履责的基础。高层领导的伦理承诺是推动企业履行社会责任的根本动力;同时,国际经验、冗余资源对企业社会责任发挥了显著促进作用。尽管面临日益严格的制度约束和更高的社会履责期望,现阶段中国企业履责更为直接的动力仍然来源于竞争环境。     

融资约束、企业雇佣与企业发展

使用2012年世界银行“中国投资环境调查”的企业数据,考察了融资约束、企业雇佣对企业发展的影响。研究发现,融资约束对企业雇佣的负面影响,最终会体现在企业销售增长和企业创新等反映企业发展的指标上。在低雇佣规模企业的子样本组中,融资约束对企业销售增长率、企业自主创新、企业协同创新这3类企业发展指标均表现出显著的负向效应。在高雇佣规模企业的子样本组中,融资约束对企业销售增长率表现出负向效应,但不显著;对企业自主创新和协同创新则表现出显著的负向效应。这说明,融资约束不仅会负面影响企业雇佣,也会通过影响企业雇佣作用于企业的发展。     

外部环境、内部资源与企业社会责任

外部环境和内部资源如何影响企业履行社会责任?本文以中国制造业上市公司2011-2013年数据为样本,研究制度环境(舆论压力)和市场环境(竞争强度)对企业履行社会责任的影响,以及企业内部两种类型资源的调节作用。研究表明,舆论压力会促进企业履行社会责任,而竞争强度与企业履行社会责任呈"∩"形关系。进一步研究发现,企业资源(政治关系和冗余资源)正向调节外部环境对企业履行社会责任的影响。     

The Mirror Effect: Corporate Social Responsibility,Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Firm Performance in Coordinated Market Economies and Liberal Market Economies

We investigate the classic management debate of agency versus institutional pressures through the application of the varieties of capitalism literature. In particular, we examine corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) and their relationships with firm performance in two types of capitalist systems: coordinated market economies (CMEs) and liberal market economies (LMEs). We note that while the CSR literature has tended to develop a balanced view on the influence of agency and institutional pressures, the CSiR literature has tended to emphasize the influence of agency. The latter appears to be a result of the fundamental attribution bias, where irresponsible corporate behaviours are attributed to individual managers or organizations, rather than the institutional environment. Our results, which include five years of data across 16 countries, show significantly greater CSR and significantly lower CSiR in CMEs compared with LMEs. Further, we find a positive relationship between CSR and firm performance in CMEs but not LMEs, and a negative relationship between CSiR and firm performance in LMEs but not CMEs. Overall, our results demonstrate the influence of the institutional environment, suggesting that corporate behaviours mirror the external environment.     

Institutional theory-based research on corporate social responsibility: Bringing values back in

Research applying institutional theory to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has experienced remarkable momentum. Institutional theory-based CSR research illustrates the role of values in guiding both agentic choices for CSR and the influence of institutional structures on CSR agency. Although values have been explored in this literature, systematic studies of values that seek to gain insights into the mutual relationship between agentic choices and structures are lacking. Such insights are crucial for exploring whether and how CSR is enabled or constrained. We thus ask two interrelated questions: (1) What is the role of values in institutional theory-based CSR research? (2) How and along which avenues should future institutional theory-based CSR research that focuses on values be mobilised? Based on our analysis of this line of literature from 1989 until 2021, first, we take stock of established institutional theory perspectives on CSR and disentangle what role values have played in this literature. Second, we outline how to mobilise values in future institutional CSR research based on four promising but under-investigated areas. From our literature analysis, two central functions emerge (which we label ‘bridging’ and ‘referencing’) that values can perform in the institutional analysis of CSR. Based on these two functions, our values-focused framework will help scholars examine the moral foundations that inform business–society interactions as well as understand how companies can responsibly manage those interactions with societal stakeholders.     

Political Corporate Social Responsibility: Reviewing Theories and Setting New Agendas

There has been rising interest in political corporate social responsibility (political CSR), defined as activities where CSR has an intended or unintended political impact, or where intended or unintended political impacts on CSR exist. Based on a survey and content analysis of 146 peer‐reviewed academic articles from 18 journals over the 14‐year period 2000–2013, this paper systematically reviews the existing applications of general theories (such as legitimacy theory, the resource‐based view and Habermasian political theory) within the political CSR literature. The survey indicates that the political CSR field is dominated by institutional theory and stakeholder theory, but future theory development needs to go beyond these theories in order to address a number of critical gaps. This review specifically points to several avenues for future political CSR research with regard to the individual level of analysis, domain integration and political CSR in multinational enterprises. The paper ends with a call for a new theory‐informed and pluralist research agenda on political CSR to integrate different perspectives and re‐examine the role of the state.     

How MNE subsidiaries transfer HRM practices in distant environments: A tale of two IKEA subsidiaries

While most research in the international business field focuses on the impact of the national institutional environment on multinational enterprises (MNEs), this paper explores the opposite relationship—the role and impact of MNE subsidiaries on the host country institutional environment. I analyze the subsidiaries' agency in the transfer activities of human resource management (HRM) practices by bringing the case of IKEA subsidiaries in Korea and Japan and find that these subsidiaries not only adapted to pressures arising from an institutional distance but also played an important role in influencing the institutional arrangement for employment system of their host countries. With a contextualized agency model, this study finds that institutional and organizational contexts that these subsidiaries are embedded in shaped their agencies and strategic responses and co-evolved with their host institutional environments while transferring HRM practices. These findings have implications for the IB and IHRM field, as they highlight the potential of MNE subsidiaries as agents.     

Home–Host Country Distance in Offshore Governance Choices

This paper studies the effect of home–host country distance on the choice of governance mode in service offshoring. Using a Transaction Cost Economics approach, we explore the comparative costs of the hierarchical and contractual models to show that different dimensions of distance (geographic, cultural and institutional), because they generate different types of uncertainties, impact offshore governance choices in different ways. Empirical results confirm that, on the one hand, firms are more likely to respond to internal uncertainties resulting from geographic and cultural distance by leveraging the internal controls and collaboration mechanisms of a captive offshore service center. On the other hand, they tend to respond to external uncertainties resulting from institutional distance by limiting their foreign commitment and leveraging the resources and local experience of third party service providers. Finally, we find that the temporal distance component (time zone difference) of geographical dispersion between onshore and offshore countries plays a dominant role over the spatial distance component.     

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on the Consumer Purchasing Situation

To explore the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on the consumer purchasing situation, we arranged a scenario where participants (n = 451) purchased workout clothes. The results (r = 0.996, p = 0.000) show that (1) relative to other relevant marketing activities, CSR activity was not the most salient antecedent stimulus, (2) general CSR activities may have a lower impact on purchasing behavior than more specific CSR activities, (3) some CSR activities may have a negative impact on purchasing behavior, and (4) CSR activities may have a different impact on different segments. We propose that the impact of CSR can be understood as rule-governed behavior situated in the consumer’s situation. A functional understanding of the impact of CSR on the purchasing situation could help companies to develop more effective marketing campaigns and, in addition, maintain activities that benefit not only the company but also society as a whole.     

制度环境、风险感知对供应链网络治理模式选择的影响研究

本文以新制度理论与交易成本理论进行对话,从合法性视角构建中国情境下制度环境、风险感知与供应链网络治理模式选择之间影响机理的理论模型。通过问卷调查的方式收集117份有效问卷,并采用结构方程模型方法实证检验制度环境、风险感知对供应链网络治理模式的"形塑"作用。研究结果表明,制度环境是影响供应链网络治理模式选择的重要因素,强制制度对供应链网络治理模式选择具有显著影响,规范制度的影响作用不显著。在供应链网络治理模式选择过程中关系风险感知具有完全中介作用,而绩效风险感知具有部分中介作用。     

Regulatory Institutional Distance and MNCs' Subsidiary Performance: Climbing up Vs. Climbing Down the Institutional Ladder

We investigate the possibility of regulatory institutional distance exerting an asymmetric effect on multinational corporations' (MNCs') subsidiary performance depending on the direction of institutional distance. We use the term ‘institutional ladder’ to differentiate between upward distance, referred to as when the subsidiary is operating in a relatively stronger institutional environment than its parent-firm's home country, and downward distance for vice versa. Combining institutional theory with organisational imprinting and learning perspectives, we argue that the implications of regulatory institutional distance on subsidiary performance are relatively more positive (or less negative) when MNCs are climbing down the institutional ladder as compared to when MNCs are climbing up the institutional ladder. We also argue that subsidiary ownership strategy – i.e. the choice of a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) versus joint venture (JV) – moderates the above-mentioned implications of institutional distance on subsidiary performance. We test these hypotheses based on a panel data-set of 1936 foreign subsidiaries representing 70 host countries and 66 home countries and spanning the 12-year period: 2002–2013.     

We Are the Corporation: Dispersive CSR

We contend that the current trend of emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) serves to divert the public's attention from the real ethical issues facing business and society. We extend the scope of social responsibility beyond business corporations to include a range of institutions. We also propose that CSRs be reconceptualized in terms of the ways that managers enable stakeholders to hold themselves and each other responsible for the ways their actions affect each other as they conduct business through the firm. In this article, we propose a new view of corporations and responsibility that reconstrues behavior currently referred to as CSR. Starting with an overview of theories of the firm, we show that the way in which a firm is conceived yields different views on CSR. A shortcoming of the theory of the firm approach to CSR is that it leads us to focus excessively on business corporations at the expense of a broader analysis of other institutional players. These theories also tend to emphasize the obligations of corporations to people rather than of people to each other. We propose that social responsibility be viewed through a systems theory paradigm instead. We then argue that corporations should be construed in terms of the people who impact them. We advance a different conception of business responsibility that is more comprehensive, inclusive, and systemic.     

Improving supply chain social responsibility through supplier development

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) emphasises that the entire supply chain of a company should protect natural environment and contribute to social well-being in a tangible way. This study aims to clarify the effects of supplier development practices on supply chain social responsibility. The investigation uses a qualitative case study approach and empirically explores how to develop supplier’s CSR capabilities in a pharmaceutical supply chain. The results indicate that manufacturers can apply supplier development practices, including standard operating procedures (SOPs), audits, collaboration and training, to develop supply chain social responsibility. SOPs and audits are indirect supplier development practices that are designed in response to institutional pressures, and collaboration and training are direct supplier development practices that provide resources for bridging supplier’s CSR capability gaps. In addition, the indirect and direct supplier development practices positively influence each other and they are complementary in enhancing supply chain social responsibility.