基于家长式领导三元理论的领导方式对员工创新行为的影响

通过对312名企业员工问卷调查所获得的数据进行分析,探讨中国情境下仁慈领导、德行领导和威权领导3种家长式领导型态对员工创新行为的直接、交互和中介影响机制。研究表明,仁慈领导、德行领导对员工创新行为皆有显著正向影响,威权领导对员工创新行为有显著负向影响;德行领导与仁慈领导对员工创新行为产生正向交互作用;心理授权在仁慈领导、德行领导对员工创新行为的影响中发挥部分中介效应,在威权领导对员工创新行为的影响中发挥完全中介效应。     

威权式领导行为对下属组织公民行为的影响研究——下属权力距离的调节作用

本文采用问卷调查法,对来自于服务行业的337对领导和下属的数据进行回归分析,结果表明威权式领导行为通过影响不同权力距离取向下属对领导的信任程度而影响下属的组织公民行为。具体来说,威权式领导行为通过降低低权力距离取向下属对领导的信任程度进而减少其组织公民行为;相反,威权式领导的负面影响对于高权力距离取向下属会变弱,甚至转化为一种正面影响。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义,指出了未来的研究方向。     

非权力领导艺术

非权力领导力就是获得追随者的能力。这与权位无关。每个人都具有非权力领导力，因此我们要提醒那些有领导潜质而无职无衔的人们。不要轻易否定自己的领导才能。那么怎样才能获得追随者呢？这便与自己的个人能力、品行及为人处世的方式有关。个人的自身素质十分重要，但是，运用自己的能力和魅力的目的在于获得追随者，而不在于显示自己的能力和魅力。也就是说，显示才能只是手段，而不是目的，因为非权力的领导的大小，主要靠追随者的能力来体现。追随者越多，能力就显得越大。     

家长式领导对组织学习的作用——基于家长式领导三元理论的观点

基于家长式领导三元理论的观点,研究了家长式领导与组织学习的关系.通过问卷调查获得711份有效问卷.层次回归分析结果显示:仁慈领导对组织学习的6个维度都有显著的积极影响;除开发式学习外,德行领导对组织学习的其他5个维度都有显著的积极影响;威权领导对团体学习、组织层学习、组织间学习和利用式学习4个维度都有显著的积极影响;仁慈领导和威权领导对开发式学习和利用式学习都有显著的交互作用,德行领导和威权领导对利用式学习有显著的交互作用.这些结果启发我国企业领导者需要表现出高仁慈、高德行和一定水平威权的领导风格.     

家长式领导对高层管理团队成员创造力的作用机制研究

基于对57个高科技企业高层管理团队中的配对数据分析,对家长式领导行为、心理授权、权力距离和集体主义价值观影响高层管理团队成员创造力的方式进行探究。研究发现,CEO的家长式领导行为对团队成员创造力具有显著的正向影响,团队成员的心理授权在其中起完全中介作用。此外,家长式领导对不同价值取向的团队成员的心理授权产生了不同的影响,即团队成员的权力距离取向越高,或者集体主义取向越高,威权领导对其心理授权的负向影响越弱;团队成员的集体主义取向越高,仁慈领导对其心理授权的正向影响越弱。     

威权领导对员工建言行为的影响:一个有中介的调节作用分析

本文基于416个员工及其直接上级的配对样本,考察了源于我国传统文化的威权领导对员工建言行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现:威权领导对员工抑制性建言、促进性建言有显著的负向影响;组织自尊在威权领导与员工抑制性建言、促进性建言之间具有部分中介作用;主动性人格在威权领导与抑制性建言、促进性建言之间起调节作用,这一调节效应完全通过组织自尊的中介起作用。     

领导魅力的本质属性分析

领导魅力是领导者的一种软权力,这种软权力是领导者的社会影响力与追随者的认同和回应二者相互统一的产物,这是领导魅力的本质属性。那么,领导魅力的本质属性是由哪些要素所决定的?也就是说,领导者的社会影响力何以形成,以及追随者何以认同和回应领导者的社会影响力?或者说,领导者的社会影响力是由时势所决定的,还是由英雄即领导者自身所决定的?是属于科学,还是属于发挥的艺术?是遵循共性,还是应该发挥个性?这些都是领导科学界长期争辩的问题。一、是时势造英雄,还是英雄造时势     

“高则抑之,下则扬之”--悖论式领导研究述评及展望

目前学者对悖论式领导的定义存在分歧,一是将其看作一种新型领导理论,二是将其看作一种领导方式。悖论式领导的前因变量,可从领导者的主观规范、知觉行为控制、行为态度三个方面进行分析;悖论式领导的情境因素,可从任务结构、职位权力两个角度进行研究;悖论式领导的结果变量,可从组织、团队、追随者三个层面进行归纳。以上三个方面,共同构成了悖论式领导的理论整合框架。展望未来,悖论式领导的研究仍有较大发展空间。     

领导艺术美:权力与非权力影响力的最佳结合

领导者处于资源整合的中心，手中握有一定的权力。但是，有职有权不一定有自觉的追随者，更不等于有领导力。领导的内涵和本质是服务，权力只是服务的手段。提升领导力必须发挥非权力影响力的作用，把权力和非权力影响力结合起来。这种结合，既是世界观，也是方法论，是一种高超的领导艺术。在改革开放和社会主义市场经济条件下，领导者应当寻求权力与非权力影响力的最佳结合，     

领导魅力是有效领导的关键

改革开放以来，我国党政领导行为特征发生了很大变化，个性化执政渐成风尚，领导魅力日益凸显。何谓领导魅力？领导魅力是指领导者所具备的非凡品质，在领导活动中表现为对追随者的吸引力、凝聚力和感召力，并因此而形成领导者和追随者之间的和谐关系。美国著名心理学大师拿破伦·希尔博士有句名言：真正领导能力来自让人钦佩的领导魅力。当前我国正处于社会转型期，领导魅力在化解一些错综复杂的问题以及引导广大群众一心一意谋发展等方面更是具有十分重要的现实意义。简言之，领导魅力作为领导与群众良好关系的体现，     

家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制研究:以团队凝聚力为中介变量

本文通过对108家中国企业的高管团队问卷调查所获得的数据的分析,探讨了CEO的家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制,结果表明:仁慈领导和德行领导对团队有效性有显著的积极影响,威权领导对团队有效性有显著的消极影响;团队凝聚力起到了部分中介的作用,威权领导通过降低团队凝聚力对团队有效性产生负面影响.     

信心领导：来自95家企业的证据

信心领导是基于中国企业管理研究而提出的新领导理论.从领导-下属关系角度可将信心领导定义为领导传达两类不同导向的信心:对自我的信心和对下属的信心.将这2种领导行为与下属承诺相联系,检验以上关系在不同企业竞争水平下的变化规律.对我国95家企业数据分析的结果显示,信心领导的两类"信心行为"会交互影响下属的组织承诺,另外,在激烈的竞争环境中两类行为之间的交互作用更强.     

Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review

Stress has been implicated as an important determinant of leadership functioning. Conversely, the behavior of leaders has long been argued to be a major factor in determining the stress levels of followers. Yet despite the widespread acknowledgement that stress and leadership are linked, there has been no systematic attempt to organize and summarize these literatures. In the present, we meta-analytically review the relationship between three leadership constructs (transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, and abusive supervision) and stress and burnout. Our analyses confirm that leader stress influences leader behavior and that leadership behaviors and leader-follower relationships are significant determinants of stress and burnout in subordinates. We build on these results to suggest new avenues for research in this domain as well as discussing how these results can inform practice with regards to leader development.     

When managers become leaders: The role of manager network centralities,social power,and followers' perception of leadership

We explore how formal managers' centralities in both positive and negative networks predict followers' perceptions of their leadership. By incorporating social networks and social ledger theory with implicit leadership theories (ILTs), we hypothesize that formally assigned group leaders (managers) who have more positive advice ties and fewer negative avoidance ties are more likely to be recognized as leaders by their followers. Further, we posit that managers' informal networks bring them greater social power, an important attribute differentiating leaders from non-leaders. We conducted two survey-based studies in student and field teams to test the hypotheses. Based on nested data in both studies, we found support for our hypotheses. These results remain robust across the two studies even though they used different designs (cross-sectional versus longitudinal), different samples (field versus students) across different countries (United States versus India), and a host of control variables at both the leader and follower levels. We find that managers who are central in the advice network are socially powerful and are seen as leaders by individual followers. In contrast, managers who are avoided by followers lack informal social power are not seen as leaders. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and the ways in which our theory and results extend ILTs and social network theory.     

Autocratic leaders and authoritarian followers revisited: A review and agenda for the future

Despite a long history within the field of leadership, the subject of authoritarianism and how it influences leadership and leadership processes has been neglected in recent decades. However, recent global events make it clear that a better understanding of authoritarianism is needed and that leadership researchers would benefit from a renewed interest in studying why followers embrace autocratic leaders. The nature of authoritarian character, how authoritarian values develop, and how it is measured will be discussed. We will also review autocratic leadership, the factors that make it more likely, its consequences for followers, and the moderators of its effects. A future research agenda for the study of authoritarian character and autocratic leadership will be provided.     

The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: The Contingent Role of Public Service Motivation

In this paper we examine whether the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) is contingent on public service motivation (PSM). We propose that PSM may reduce the motivational influences of transformational leaders’ behaviours on followers’ OCBs in public sector organizations. Using a sample of Mexican employees we tested this proposition with structural equation modelling. Our results show that the motivational effects of transformational leadership were less for public sector followers higher in PSM than for those lower in PSM. A follow‐up study in private sector organizations did not reveal a similar interaction effect. These findings appear consistent with previous research demonstrating that PSM is more aligned to the goals and values of public rather than private sector organizations. Nevertheless, the direct effects of PSM on OCBs remained in the private sector.     

Effective Leadership in Superior-Subordinate Dyads

Abstract

This paper describes and experimentally demonstrates the main tenets of an operant theory of leadership. Leadership is characterized in the current paper as involving problem solving operant behavior (Cerutti, 1989; Skinner, 1969) in a social context (Skinner, 1953). The theory was assessed under two experimental analogs modeled from generic formal organizational bureaucratic leader-follower role relations. Under a minimal leadership contingency (MLC) leaders and followers in N = 4 dyads interacted via button pressing and trigger pulling responses, respectively, and they received feedback on counters located on response panels in their separate rooms. Under the MLC every leader button press added a point worth money to one of the follower's counters but the leader received no points worth money based on follower responses. A leadership contingency (LC) was identical to the MLC except that for every 19th follower trigger pull the leader received a point worth money. As anticipated, high rates of leader-follower interaction evolved in all dyads under the LC and appreciably lower rates occurred under the MLC as leader button pressing extinguished under the MLC with repeated exposures to the two contingencies presented in ABABAB fashion. Results were discussed in terms of the theory and data as they may be related to assessment and maintenance of leader-follower interactions and performance in OBM lab and field experiments.     

领导理论的演化和前沿进展

对1个世纪以来领导理论研究中的主要历史性成果进行梳理,将其发展脉络分为3个历史阶段进行述评:传统领导理论丛林时期、变革领导理论主导时期和四因素理论萌芽时期;强调每一个领导理论都是在特定背景下对领导实践的一种特定反映和解释,都为该理论的发展做出了重要的历史贡献,并不存在一个绝对的最佳领导模型;最后对领导理论的未来研究进行了展望。     

Tough Love and Creativity: How Authoritarian Leadership Tempered by Benevolence or Morality Influences Employee Creativity

Influenced by Amabile's views on the intrinsic nature of creative motivation (T. M. Amabile (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations’. In B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 10, pp. 123–167. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press), researchers have focused primarily on supportive leadership, with authoritarian leadership known to negatively influence employee creativity. Arguing from social information processing theory, the authors show that low levels of authoritarian leadership act as a stressor encouraging creativity, while high levels discourage creativity. Authoritarian leadership is one component of a larger constellation of leader behaviours known as paternalistic leadership. Under paternalistic leadership, authoritarian leadership is combined with benevolence and morality and these interact with authoritarianism. The authors argue that the presence of benevolence and moral leadership causes subordinates to view the leader's authoritarian actions as serving a positive purpose, and show that both benevolence and moral leadership act to offset the negative effects of authoritarian leadership on creativity.     

The relationship between transformational leadership and follower sickness absence: the role of presenteeism

The impact of transformational leaders on employee health and well-being has received much attention. Less research has focused on the relationships between transformational leaders and followers’ sickness absenteeism. Transformational leaders promote a group climate that may lead to absenteeism, especially among vulnerable employees (those with high levels of presenteeism). In the present study we examined the relationships between presenteeism, group-level transformational leadership and sickness absence rates in a three-year longitudinal study of postal workers and their leaders in Denmark (N?=?155). Group-level transformational leadership in year 1 predicted sickness absenteeism in year 2, but not in year 3. In examining conditions under which transformational leadership may be linked to higher levels of sickness absenteeism, we found that presenteeism in year 1 moderated the link between transformational leadership in year 1 and sickness absenteeism in year 3, such that followers working in groups with a transformational leader and who were high in presenteeism reported higher levels of sickness absenteeism. Our results suggest a complex picture of the relationship between transformational leadership and sickness absenteeism; transformational leaders may promote self-sacrifice of vulnerable followers by leading them to go to work while ill, leading to increased risks of sickness absence in the long term.