媒体情绪、信息中心性与银行流动性风险北大核心CSSCI

本文从舆情和整体网络关联的交叉视角,回归分析媒体情绪与网络结构及其交互效应对银行流动性风险的影响机制。本文研究发现:在针对全体银行和非全国性商业银行时,媒体情绪指数与银行流动性风险显著正相关,但仅针对全国性商业银行时,消极媒体情绪指数和混合媒体情绪指数对银行流动性风险具有负向影响。网络信息中心性与银行流动性风险显著负相关,体现了网络效应对银行流动性风险的影响具有两面性。混合交互效应与消极交互效应对银行流动性风险具有显著负向影响,而积极交互效应对银行流动性风险具有显著正向影响。全国性商业银行对银行流动性风险的影响程度明显高于全体银行,但未显著强于非全国性商业银行。     

新时代防控金融风险跨市场交叉网络传染机制研究

文章基于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义金融思想与大数据时代背景,探讨了防控金融风险跨市场交叉网络传染机制。通过模型的理论推演及数值仿真模拟分析,研究结果表明：防控金融风险跨市场交叉传染主要取决于R₀,其值越大,金融风险跨市场交叉传染越容易形成蔓延趋势;金融风险在各个金融子市场之间交叉传染蔓延趋势主要取决于β、δ、α、μ、γ等因素;仅采取事前防御措施或事后防控化解的金融风险防范措施都将缺乏效率,应从事前防御与事后化解两个层面统筹采取金融风险防范措施以提升防范金融风险跨市场交叉传染能力;在此基础上从三个层面提出了防控金融风险跨市场交叉网络传染机制,为构建金融风险救助机制预案以阻隔金融风险在各个金融子市场之间进一步交叉传染蔓延,实现新时代增强金融风险跨市场交叉传染防范与控制能力,更好的防范与化解系统性金融风险以助力打好防范化解重大风险攻坚战、维护国家金融安全的目标提供一定的借鉴与参考。     

金融压力指数构建及其有效性检验——基于中国数据的实证分析

金融压力指数能较好地实时反映一国金融体系承受风险的压力状况,帮助决策者和市场参与各方及时准确地前瞻性评估潜在风险来临时可能承受的金融压力水平。根据各市场对整个金融体系的影响程度,利用CDF-信用加总权重法确定各指标权重,构建了包括银行、股票、外汇、保险四大市场的我国金融压力指数测度模型体系。实证研究表明,我国金融压力的阶段性特征明显,在国际金融危机发生时,往往伴随着高的金融压力;我国金融压力主要来自于银行部门,随着近年来我国银行治理水平提高和资本市场发展,银行部门压力指数正缓慢下降,股票市场压力却逐渐上升;外汇市场和保险市场压力指数长期保持在低位运行。有效性检验表明,来自我国FSI的冲击在滞后6个季度会对宏观经济产生显著的不利影响。     

基于行业相关性的银行业信用风险宏观压力测试研究

遵循宏观审慎管理的原则和理念, 提出了基于行业相关性的银行业信用风险宏观压力测试方法。通过考虑行业相关性和风险因子t分布特性, 对多元风险因子模型进行了拓展;将宏观压力测试情景与多元风险因子模型对接起来, 将压力情景下得到的行业景气指数取值转换为相应压力情景下行业风险因子的条件分布;在考察宏观经济周期的基础上, 采用指数平滑法、回归模型方法和历史情景分析方法处理宏观经济整个周期的历史数据, 从而确定宏观压力测试的情景设置, 这种情景设置能消除信用风险计量的顺周期性。这一过程将银行业经济资本管理与系统性风险防范有机地联系起来。这一信用风险宏观压力测试方法能反映不同行业信贷资产间的违约相关性, 能识别某一行业衰退对其他行业信贷资产产生的负面影响, 从而反映系统性风险的来源及其作用机理。     

金融压力溢出对宏观经济的时变非线性效应研究

监测金融市场运行状况对于中央银行维护金融稳定具有重要意义。为了揭示金融压力溢出对宏观经济的时变非线性效应,采用广义方差分解模型构建金融压力溢出指数;结合MS-VAR模型监测金融压力溢出,进一步实证检验金融压力溢出对宏观经济基本面的影响。研究表明:第一,股票市场与外汇市场是金融压力溢出的重要传递者,而货币市场与债券市场是跨市场金融压力溢出的重要接收者。第二,金融压力溢出指数存在较为明显的两区制,大多数时间处于平稳状态,只有出现极端压力事件时导致金融压力溢出指数急剧上升。第三,金融压力溢出对经济增长的传导效应主要为负向;对物价水平的传导效应主要为正向;对利率水平的传导效应在不同时期是存在差异的。     

我国房地产金融面临的主要风险和防范措施

房地产金融是房地产业发展的重要方面,防范房地产金融风险对金融业的稳定和宏观经济极其重要。文章首先描述我国房地产金融面临的主要风险,接着提出了防范房地产金融风险的措施。     

国际油价、宏观经济变量与中国股市的尾部风险溢出效应研究

本文首先基于Massacci (2017)提出的时变POT模型、应用纯时间序列方法测度动态尾部风险,再利用Diebold和Yilmaz (2012, 2014)提出的溢出指数模型,结合滚动样本估计方法,从方向、大小和动态性的角度考察中国股票市场与宏观经济体系之间的尾部风险溢出效应。研究结果表明,中国股票市场与宏观经济变量之间存在显著的尾部风险溢出效应,总溢出指数在危机时期显著提高。股票市场对宏观经济的方向性尾部风险溢出效应要弱于其接收自宏观经济体系的冲击,是系统中最大的尾部风险净接收者。其中,国际原油价格、货币政策的极端变动等均对股市尾部风险水平产生重要影响,是中国股票市场尾部风险的重要来源。此外,我国经济政策不确定性指数与股票市场之间的尾部风险溢出效应正逐渐增强。因此,在经济转型的关键时期,政策制定者和监管当局应特别关注经济政策不确定性对金融市场和实体经济的负面影响。     

投资者的博彩行为研究——基于盈亏状态和投资者情绪的视角

本文以中国股市2000年1月至2017年9月的数据为样本，实证研究盈亏状态和投资者情绪对股票市场博彩行为的影响。本文首先构造股票博彩指数和资本利得量以及二者的交互项，然后使用Fama-MacBeth回归并分析该交互项系数估计量的统计显著性和经济显著性，结果发现，尽管我国股市投资者总体上表现出博彩偏好，但当投资者处于盈利状态时，投资者会厌恶风险，不愿意冒险买入或继续持有"博彩型"股。本文还构造了投资者情绪指数，并以中位数为界将全样本分为投资者情绪高涨期和低落期，然后通过分组研究发现，投资者情绪对博彩行为有直接和间接两种影响：较之于情绪低落期，投资者在情绪高涨期会更加偏好投资"博彩型"股票；此外，情绪还会通过影响投资者的风险态度进而间接影响投资者对"博彩型"股票的投资决策。     

经济政策不确定性与系统性金融风险溢出——基于关联网络视角

经济政策不确定性（EPU）已成为系统性金融风险的重要驱动因素。研究基于七个部门的35个相关因子抽取系统性金融风险信息，综合采用DYCI溢出指数法、复杂网络分析法和滚动时间窗口技术等构建跨部门风险溢出网络，考察和检验EPU与金融体系内部风险压力承接与转移的关联动态和传导机制。研究发现：EPU与金融部门各维度风险变量间存在关联网络，且EPU冲击加剧了系统性金融风险的网络传染效应；危机时期，EPU冲击下的跨部门风险协同运动趋势明显，网络结构呈现更高的完备性。同时，本文研究结论为阻断内外部风险冲击以及维护经济金融稳定提供重要的理论基础和决策参考依据。     

股票市场的羊群行为与波动: 关联及其演化——来自深圳股票市场的证据

提出羊群行为指标以及基于多重分形谱分析的市场波动指标,运用Diks 与Panchenko ［19］提出的非线性Granger 因果关系检验和Zebende［20］提出的DCCA 交叉相关系数,动态研究了深圳股票市场的羊群行为与市场波动的关联以及他的演变规律． 结果显示,深圳股票市场羊群行为与市场波动之间的关联并不表现为简单的线性方式,而是复杂的非线性机制; 金融危机前后深圳股市羊群行为与市场波动之间表现出方向不同的相关性和不同的因果关系． 总体来说,2005 年股改之前羊群行为与市场波动之间互不影响,2005 年至2007 年间羊群行为正向影响市场波动,而2008 年之后羊群行为负向影响市场波动,同时市场波动也负向影响羊群行为． 这一新的发现表明,市场羊群行为并不像传统研究所宣称的总是产生“正反馈效应”,有时也表现出“负反馈效应”     

Summarizing Risk Using Risk Measures and Risk Indices

Our society is fascinated with risk in many different areas and disciplines. One of the main ways to describe and communicate the level of risk is through risk indices, which summarize risk using numbers or categories such as words, letters, or colors. These indices are used to communicate risks to the public, understand how risk is changing over time, compare among different risks, and support decision making. Given the different methods to construct risk indices, including flawed methods such as risk matrices, this article develops specific steps that analysts can follow to create a risk index. This article emphasizes the importance of describing risk with a probability distribution, developing a numerical risk measure that summarizes the probability distribution, and finally translating the risk measure to an index. Measuring the risk is the most difficult part and requires the analyst to summarize a probability distribution into one or possibly a few numbers. The risk measure can then be transformed to a numerical or categorical index. I apply the method outlined in this article to construct a risk index that compares the risk of fatalities in aviation and highway transportation.     

Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments

In assessing environmental health risks, the risk characterization step synthesizes information gathered in evaluating exposures to stressors together with dose–response relationships, characteristics of the exposed population, and external environmental conditions. This article summarizes key steps of a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) followed by a discussion of considerations for characterizing cumulative risks. Cumulative risk characterizations differ considerably from single chemical‐ or single source‐based risk characterization. CRAs typically focus on a specific population instead of a pollutant or pollutant source and should include an evaluation of all relevant sources contributing to the exposures in the population and other factors that influence dose–response relationships. Second, CRAs may include influential environmental and population‐specific conditions, involving multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors. Third, a CRA could examine multiple health effects, reflecting joint toxicity and the potential for toxicological interactions. Fourth, the complexities often necessitate simplifying methods, including judgment‐based and semi‐quantitative indices that collapse disparate data into numerical scores. Fifth, because of the higher dimensionality and potentially large number of interactions, information needed to quantify risk is typically incomplete, necessitating an uncertainty analysis. Three approaches that could be used for characterizing risks in a CRA are presented: the multiroute hazard index, stressor grouping by exposure and toxicity, and indices for screening multiple factors and conditions. Other key roles of the risk characterization in CRAs are also described, mainly the translational aspect of including a characterization summary for lay readers (in addition to the technical analysis), and placing the results in the context of the likely risk‐based decisions.     

Probabilistic Risk Analysis and Terrorism Risk

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent establishment of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), considerable efforts have been made to estimate the risks of terrorism and the cost effectiveness of security policies to reduce these risks. DHS, industry, and the academic risk analysis communities have all invested heavily in the development of tools and approaches that can assist decisionmakers in effectively allocating limited resources across the vast array of potential investments that could mitigate risks from terrorism and other threats to the homeland. Decisionmakers demand models, analyses, and decision support that are useful for this task and based on the state of the art. Since terrorism risk analysis is new, no single method is likely to meet this challenge. In this article we explore a number of existing and potential approaches for terrorism risk analysis, focusing particularly on recent discussions regarding the applicability of probabilistic and decision analytic approaches to bioterrorism risks and the Bioterrorism Risk Assessment methodology used by the DHS and criticized by the National Academies and others.     

风险管理的基本技术和负险报酬

本文把风险管理的基本技术概括为分散化和对冲两种,并认为其它的风险管理方法其实是这两种方法派生的.在这两种风险管理技术的基础上,讨论了风险的报酬问题.     

Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Risk Management

This is a perspective article on foundational issues in risk assessment and management. The aim is to discuss the needs, obstacles, and challenges for the establishment of a renewed, strong scientific foundation for risk assessment and risk management suited for the current and future technological challenges. The focus is on (i) reviewing and discussing the present situation and (ii) identifying how to best proceed in the future, to develop the risk discipline in the directions needed. The article provides some reflections on the interpretation and understanding of the concept of “foundations of risk assessment and risk management” and the challenges therein. One main recommendation is that different arenas and moments for discussion are needed to specifically address foundational issues in a way that embraces the many disciplinary communities involved (from social scientists to engineers, from behavioral scientists to statisticians, from health physicists to lawyers, etc.). One such opportunity is sought in the constitution of a novel specialty group of the Society of Risk Analysis.     

Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Risk Management

In spite of the maturity reached by many of the methods used in risk assessment and risk management, broad consensus has not been established on fundamental concepts and principles. The risk fields still suffer from a lack of clarity on many key scientific pillars. The purpose of this article is to point to this situation and through some illustrating examples discuss the challenges that the fields here face. Moreover, the purpose of the article is to reflect on how to improve the present situation and enhance the risk fields. We argue that the establishment of some common scientific pillars as well as a strong and continuous research focus on foundational issues are critical success factors. The article specifically addresses the role of the peer‐reviewed journals and the international standards in the fields. We hope that the article can contribute to a revitalization of the discussion of foundational issues in risk assessment and risk management.     

Risk Perception and Risk Talk: The Case of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Radiation Risk

Individuals’ perceptions and their interpersonal communication about a risk event, or risk talk, can play a significant role in the formation of societal responses to the risk event. As they formulate their risk opinions and speak to others, risk information can circulate through their social networks and contribute to the construction of their risk information environment. In the present study, Japanese citizens’ risk perception and risk talk were examined in the context of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear radiation risk. We hypothesized and found that the risk information environment and risk literacy (i.e., competencies to understand and use risk information) interact to influence their risk perception and risk talk. In particular, risk literacy tends to stabilize people's risk perceptions and their risk communications. Nevertheless, there were some subtle differences between risk perception and communication, suggesting the importance of further examination of interpersonal risk communication and its role in the societal responses to risk events.     

The Dynamics of Risk Perception: How Does Perceived Risk Respond to Risk Events?

This paper examines the relationship between perceived risk and experience. This research addresses the processes by which people learn about risk and choose among real life prospects with associated uncertainties, risks and benefits. By comparing the impact of acute risk events with that of chronic risk events on public perception of risk during and after the events, this research focuses on the learning processes that characterize what kinds of risk events alter the perception of risk. Comparing materialized hazards at existing facilities with the risks associated with potential facilities, this research addresses risk choices among real life prospects. This study uses a classic pre-post quasi-experimental design. Surveys conducted in the Spring of 1992 on perceived and acceptable risk in Odessa and La Porte, Texas were conducted prior to risk events. Respondents from that survey were re-interviewed in the Spring of 1993 after the risk events to form a panel design. This paper analyzes the affect of risk events on perceived risk and the implications of these experiences for public policy concerning technological risk. The empirical results suggest that the social processes that construct and maintain risk in the public eye are at least as important as, if not more important than, the physical and psychological dimensions of risk.