天津城乡空间发展的生态环境保护

一、天津市域生态环境区划与自然保护区布局体系（一）市域生态环境区划1、区划的概念与作用。生态环境区划是广义的环境功能分区,它是实施城市环境的分区管理和污染物总量控制的基础和前提。该区划以区域环境质量的改善为目的,依照区域功能的不同、环境质量标准的不同,分别采取相应的对策。     

Floristic composition and richness of urban domestic gardens in three urban socioeconomic stratifications in the city Heredia,Costa Rica

The urban domestic gardens that are part of urban green areas have become a very important element due to their ecosystematic benefits and the poor information about them. Information regarding the floristic richness of three socioeconomic stratifications from the city of Heredia, Costa Rica is presented in this study. Research was conducted from October 2011 to May 2012. Information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, which was provided to 61 garden owners, including the owner’s personal data, time living in the dwelling, area of the property and the garden, variation of its size in time and the garden’s location on the property. In addition, a floristic inventory was conducted in each garden as well as a taxonomic identification of all plants. Vegetative forms and substrates were also noted. Characteristics of the gardens and their owners were then analyzed to determine the relationship of species richness between the three sites studied. The number of plant species recorded was 618, corresponding to 102 families (19 % exotic). Regarding geographical origin, 64, 4 % were exotic, 35,6 % native. Orchidaceae (93 spp.) and Araceae (39 spp.) were the most dominant families. The variables of garden area and location and owner's age determined the garden’s floristic richness. In addition, the garden’s area and vegetative forms varied among the sites studied probably due to socioeconomic differences among them. Diversity of pioneer plants increased with the garden’s area. In sum, this research provides important floristic information of domestic gardens, since, being private property, data about them is scarce and municipal management guidelines are nonexistent.     

Ranging characteristics of the domestic cat (Felis catus) in an urban environment

In many countries, high densities of domestic cats (Felis catus) are found in urban habitats where they have the potential to exert considerable predation pressure on their prey. However, little is known of the ranging behaviour of cats in the UK. Twenty cats in suburban Reading, UK, were fitted with GPS trackers to quantify movement patterns. Cats were monitored during the summer and winter for an average of 6.8 24 h periods per season. Mean daily area ranged (95 % MCP) was 1.94 ha. Including all fixes, mean maximum area ranged was 6.88 ha. These are broadly comparable to those observed in urban areas in other countries. Daily area ranged was not affected by the cat’s sex or the season, but was significantly larger at night than during the day. There was no relationship between area ranged and habitat availability. Taking available habitat into account, cat ranging area contained significantly more garden and other green space than urban habitats. If cats were shown to be negatively affecting prey populations, one mitigation option for consideration in housing developments proposed near important wildlife sites would be to incorporate a ‘buffer zone’ in which cat ownership was not permitted. Absolute maximum daily area ranged by a cat in this study was 33.78 ha. This would correspond to an exclusory limit of approximately 300–400 m to minimise the negative effects of cat predation, but this may need to be larger if cat ranging behaviour is negatively affected by population density.     

Activity of free-roaming domestic cats in an urban reserve and public perception of pet-related threats to wildlife in New Zealand

Urban Ecosystems - Across the globe there is an increasing number of initiatives promoting biodiversity in urban areas – both for the benefit of native wildlife and the people who live in...     

Entrepreneurs in the rural environment

Change in rural activities is frequently seen as: (1) reaction to changes in other areas and sectors, and (2) negative. This downplays the role and importance of entrepreneurs, both farm and non-farm, in sustaining the vitality of rural areas. The notion of entrepreneur can be extended to entrepreneurial activity by other people, e.g. local government activity, which is an integral part of rural community economic development. Both the entrepreneur and the quasi-entrepreneur in local government are critical leaders in urban fringes and other rural areas alike. Their activity in an area is partly dependent upon the broader political, social and economic environment which influences: (1) the need to change and (2) whether any “benefit” can be derived from entrepreneurial activity. A framework is presented in this paper to place entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activity into the context first, of decision-taking generally in the rural environment, and second, of the broader “enabling” environment. It is argued that constraints originating in this broader environment are often necessary, but they may have unforeseen side-effects in discouraging innovation. Changes in such constraints or in the manner in which they are implemented may be a necessary ingredient to maintain rural vitality through encouraging entrepreneurial activity.     

水环境与城市可持续发展

一、水环境与城市可持续发展的关系水环境是以人类为主体的水生态系统,是水的自然因素和社会因素的统一体,也是人类赖以生存和发展的稀缺资源。水环境与水资源既密不可分又有不同的含义。如水取之于环境,作为资源用于发电,其中的一部分,在利用之后又回到了环境中,经过环境—资源—环境的循环,成为资源的水和环境的水,虽然自然形态相同,但经济意义不同:水资源在经济活动内部被当做经济财富利用,而水环境作为经济活动的基础,是间接的经济财富。当作为资源的水受到污染或因浪费而枯竭时,水环境又成为环境破坏或公害问题。水环境是历史的结晶,是…     

Pollinating animals in the urban environment

Urban environments contain habitats for flowering plants and their pollinating animal species. It is, however, unclear how the urban matrix influences plant-pollinator processes. We recorded plant diversity, floral abundance, flower visitor diversity and plot visits at 89 plant patches within the city of Zürich. The urban matrix surrounding each site was analyzed for the landscape metrics edge density and the extent of green area up to 200 m radius. The correlation between edge density and bee diversity and visitation frequency varied over the entire spatial range, while the correlation for syrphid diversity and visitation frequency levelled off at 80 m radius. In contrast, the correlations with green area were more consistent, with bee diversity levelling off after 100 m, while syrphid diversity and visits continued to increase. The variation in the correlation of bee visits was partly accounted for by the large contribution of honeybees. Plant diversity significantly affected bee diversity and visits, and syrphid visits. Floral abundance had a positive effect on bee visits and bee diversity. Syrphid diversity had a negative interaction with floral abundance and green area. The extent of green area increased bee diversity and visits, and syrphid visits, while edge density reduced visitation by bees. This study showed that plant diversity and floral abundance in urban environments promote pollinating flower visitors. The extent of green area and edge density are important urban mosaic attributes that affect pollinator abundance and visitation frequency at multiple scales.     

北京新城环境及建设问题探讨

城市经济的发展和城市人口的聚集．带来了诸多城市环境问题。为了缓解城市环境问题．二战后西方国家纷纷进行新城建设。改革开放以来．我国在借鉴西方新城发展经验、教训的基础上．立足于国内的实际情况．实施了新城空间发展战略。关于我国新城环境建设,有多位学者从不同角度进行了探讨。王雷分析了日本大规模的新城建设对周边环境的影响．总结了新城建设的经验。     

Reporting and founding of child neglect in urban and rural communities

The community context in which child abuse and neglect takes place may influence both reporting and outcomes of investigations into such incidents. This study examines and contrasts urban versus rural community perceptions of neglect by lay citizens and protective service workers.     

天津城乡经济一体化的战略思考

在计划经济体制的长期作用下,我国实行了以城市为中心的封闭式、索取式、城乡分割的"二元发展模式".这种模式的基本政策取向是重城轻乡、厚城薄乡,以致形成了城乡之间非正常的城市利益倾斜,造成了农村地区的功能和经济地位不应有的落差.     

城市公共空间的构成与设计

城市中的公共空间是从自然中限定自然开始的,是人类有目的地创造的、能够满足人们精神需求和物质功能的善意空间。随着城市的大规模建设和快速发展,各式各样的高层建筑拔地而起,尽管大多是纵向发展,往空中寻找生路,但城市中的公共空间仍是与日俱减。     

现代城市商业综合体的环境构成

随着我国国民经济的持续发展,人们对商品的要求已从"量"的方面转向"质"的方面.这意味着商品经营必须为人们提供更多可能的选择性;另一方面,由于实行一星期五天工作制,人们的闲暇时间增多.而在不多的选择中,休息日里逛商场已成为许多家庭的主要选择之一.     

Health maintenance antecedents among older citizens in rural and urban communities

The evidence is clear that rural older people in most nations are less physically healthy than their urban counterparts. Research suggests that such differences may be due more to lifestyle characteristics, biological factors and environmental conditions than to access to, or utilization of, medical services. Utilizing a statewide sample of Idaho residents this study compares the characteristics of those people associated with a disease prevention/health maintenance model and those associated with the medical or disease oriented model. Results show some clear differences in characteristics between people utilizing the two models of health care.     

Comparison of multiple behavioral traits between urban and rural squirrels

Urban Ecosystems - Recent rapid urbanization has imposed novel challenges to animals. Urban animals alter their behaviors such as increased boldness, exploration, and aggressiveness to cope with...     

天津城乡空间发展规划研究报告

以区域经济为主的经济发展模式正在成为中国经济发展格局的重要特征,京津冀北地区的整体发展是天津实现城市发展目标的基础和动力。     

完善社会主义市场经济时期的城乡规划体系

当前我国正处在由建立社会主义市场经济向完善社会主义市场经济推进的时期,作为深化体制改革和完善市场经济体制的要求以及推进政府职能转变的重要内容,城乡规划正逐步从计划经济条件下政府发展目标的技术工具,向完善市场经济条件下的政府公共政策转变.