我国隐性就业的现状、效应及政策分析

隐性就业作为我国经济体制转型和社会保障制度建构过程中出现的特殊就业形式,具有双重社会效应。一方面,失业(下岗)人员通过市场机制实现再就业,有助于改善他们的实际生活,一定程度上缓解政府面临的失业难题,而且对建立以市场为导向就业机制具有积极作用。另一方面,隐性就业加大了劳动就业制度改革的成本,损及社会公平,并导致就业市场信息失真,误导政府的宏观决策。但从总体上看,“隐性就业”对我国社会经济的发展还是弊大于利的。本文从劳动统计、就业体制和社会保障等方面为隐性就业的显性化提出了几点建议。     

我国转型期就业问题及其背景分析

就业不充分是当前就业领域中最突出的难题，总量不足与结构矛盾并存，隐性就业与隐性失业并存，学历 失业逐渐增多。产生这些就业困难的原因，体制转型是大背景，同时，经济和投资的高增长没能相应带动劳动就业的高增长、庞大的就业人口压力以及国有企业和乡镇企业吸纳劳动能力的下降，都是非常重要的因素。     

适时地推进国有企业劳动就业体制的转换

“下岗”是一种“准显性失业” ,再就业工程只是一种具有过渡意义的特殊的社会保障制度 ,因此 ,存在着局限性。这些局限性不可避免地导致了在再就业工程的实施中 ,“隐性就业”与下岗职工“生活保障权利虚置” ,所以 ,必须有步骤地采取措施 ,推进国有企业劳动就业机制的完全转换。     

关联社会保障待遇标准、待遇梯度对就业的影响

文章运用探索性空间数据分析方法对中国31个省份2008²014年关联社会保障待遇标准及就业的空间自相关性进行分析,同时利用空间误差模型实证分析关联社会保障待遇标准、待遇梯度对劳动者就业行为的影响,研究结果显示:中国关联社会保障待遇标准均存在显著的空间正相关性,经济发展水平差距较小的相邻地区存在竞争提高关联社会保障待遇标准的倾向;中国最低工资标准对就业有一定的促进作用,最低生活保障标准的提高导致部分低技能劳动者选择隐性就业,失业保险金对就业的抑制作用主要是由于失业保险制度本身不完善造成的;扩大关联社会保障待遇水平间的梯度有利于促进就业。因此,建议最低工资和最低生活保障分别按当地在职职工平均工资的30%和10%来确定,失业保险金标准按失业者失业前工资收入的50%2014年关联社会保障待遇标准及就业的空间自相关性进行分析,同时利用空间误差模型实证分析关联社会保障待遇标准、待遇梯度对劳动者就业行为的影响,研究结果显示:中国关联社会保障待遇标准均存在显著的空间正相关性,经济发展水平差距较小的相邻地区存在竞争提高关联社会保障待遇标准的倾向;中国最低工资标准对就业有一定的促进作用,最低生活保障标准的提高导致部分低技能劳动者选择隐性就业,失业保险金对就业的抑制作用主要是由于失业保险制度本身不完善造成的;扩大关联社会保障待遇水平间的梯度有利于促进就业。因此,建议最低工资和最低生活保障分别按当地在职职工平均工资的30%和10%来确定,失业保险金标准按失业者失业前工资收入的50%⁷0%确定,低技能劳动者的失业保险金控制在当地在职职工平均工资的21%左右。此外,最低生活保障、失业保险金与最低工资间的比值应大于或等于1∶2∶3,以确保关联社会保障待遇水平间的梯度合理。     

隐性就业与就业管理

本文对隐性就业劳动者和原单位、就业单位之间的经济关系和制度联系进行了综合性研究 ,认为隐性就业造成劳动关系和劳动过程分离 ,对宏观经济资源配置和劳动就业管理体制市场化、法制化具有消极影响。同时 ,本文结合当前实际 ,对解决隐性就业问题和完善劳动力市场体系提出若干可行的对策建议     

推进再就业工程的几个问题

如何进一步推进我国的再就业工程，组织更多的失业下岗职工再就业，这是我国今年经济工作中亟待研究解决的童大课题。本文试图就推进再就业工程的若干问题谈些看法。一、市场竞争，平等就业问题党中央、国务院为解决失业下岗职工的再就业所实施的再就业工程，旨在依靠政府和社会的力量，集中解决失业下岗职工的再就业问题，显然带有较浓的行政手段色彩，这是在我国社会保障体系和劳动力市场尚不完善的情况下，政府为维护失业下岗职工的利益，保持社会稳定而采取的一项重大的紧急保障措施。但我们必须明确，劳动就业体制是市场经济体制的重要…     

从我国就业和社会保障发展进程看就业和社会保障的关系

就业和社会保障是当代社会两个最基本的社会问题,也是政府和国民普遍关注的重要领域。在阅读就业和社会保障发展进程方面相关文献的过程中,作者发现两者之间联系很多,但很多文献只是单独就两者而谈,没有对比联系起来,所以本文试图从中总结出一些关系。一、我国就业和社会保障的发展进程我国劳动就业制度与社会保障制度发展的第一阶段是从1949年至1979年,前后经历了共30年时间,处在计划经济体制下。这一阶段,城市职工的社会保障实行由国家财政提供保障的制度,即单位保障模式的社会保障。农村的就业与社会保障,限于当时国家财力,主要由农户和…     

转轨时期的就业政策选择:矫正制度性扭曲

随着城乡经济体制改革的深化，城市劳动力市场形成一种二元结构：国有企业与非国有经济的就业体制与工资形成机制并存且彼此消长。经济增长速度放慢、产业结构调整和企业改制导致失业、下岗现象的严峻化，迫切要求深化劳动就业体制改革。本文通过对就业及其体制现状的分析，提出进一步改革从而根本解决失业现象的政策建议。     

中国的就业与社会保障问题

劳动就业和社会保障是现代社会的两个基本问题。在发达国家和地区,这两个问题被视为解决了贫困问题之后最主要的“发达病”。广大发展中国家一方面为摆脱贫困加速自己的工业化和现代化,另一方面又面临着如何解决城乡就业和兼顾城乡共同发展的重大问题。经济体制转轨国家还有一个相对特殊但又十分艰巨的任务,即解决劳动就业与社会保障的体制转换问题。中国作为正在进行现代化建设和体制转换的发展中国家,加入世界贸易组织之后,同时面临着上述几个方面的问题。     

中国失业问题综述(1996～1999)

失业问题越来越被人们所关注 ,相关的失业理论给出了失业的五个概念 :失业 ;自然失业 ;隐性失业 ;就业不足 ;等待性失业。我国的就业状况不容乐观 ,失业特征鲜明 ,原因很多 ,当前的劳动力市场问题也很多。要解决我国的失业问题 ,应 :1.发展第三产业 ;2 .大力发展中小企业 ;3.发展小城镇 ;4 .改革现有的投资体制 ;5.构建合适的失业保障机制。     

View Grandeur by Details and Fill Feelings in Scenery

正Chen Chenyi is one of my very valued painters.For many years,he has been assiduous in painting.Influenced by his family since childhood,he possesses profound artistic cultivation and solid basic painting skills.His pursuit in Chinese painting is refl ected in his constant exploration in the artistic conception of the painting’s general     

Statistical Communiqué on Human Resources and Social Security Development in 2013

正In 2013,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council and with the focus on major objectives of the Party and the state,China adhered to the main work line of orienting by people’s livelihood and giving priority to talents;laid equal emphasis on both normal operation and internal construction;comprehensively promoted scientific development,reform and innovation of human resources and social security undertakings and     

Health and Happiness for All ——2014 International Day of Families China Commemoration Meeting was Held in Beijing

正May 15th is the International Day of Families.The United Nations has set the theme of this year for the Day as Families Matter for the Achievement of Development Goals.The theme for China is Health for Everyone and Happiness for Each Family.In order to do well in publicizing     

Arrests of Fugitive Economic Crime Suspects Abroad： Fox Hunt 2014 in Action

正In 2014,China launched a massive global Fox Hunt operation to arrest fugitives and recover the embezzled money and intensifi ed the pace to captur e corrupt officials overseas.Some media analysts believe the government tries to deter"those corrupt offi cials who decide to run away for good after being fully fed by embezzled money":foreign countries are not their boltholes any more."The movements of quite a large number     

Green Pu’er City and the Cloud Tea

正If being asked which is the largest city of Yunnan,nine out of ten people would give the wrong answer-just as some people would reply that Toronto is the capital of Canada,Sydney is the capital of Australia and Guilin is the capital of Gaungxi.In fact,the largest city of Yunnan is Pu’er,not Kunming.Many people are familiar with Pu’er because of Pu’er Tea.They believe the place"Pu’er"is named after the tea.But the     

National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued Action Plan for National Health Literacy Promotion 2014-2020

正Health literacy is the ability of a person to obtain and understand basic healthcare information and service and make appropriate decisions to maintain and improve one’s own health by applying that information and service.It is not only an important indicator to evaluate health and family planning work and people’s health status,but also a     

China will Promote Establish ment of Classified Diagnosis and Treatment System and Reform Medical Insurance Payment System

正According to Xinhuanet,during the Forum on Pilots of Urban Public Hospital Comprehensive Reform held in Sanming City of Fujian Province,Dr.Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)indicated that the pilots of public hospital reform would promote the establishment of classifi ed diagnosis and treatment system.Li said the medical consortium connected grassroots medical institutions to major hospitals on both ends.It had     

Statistical Communique on Development of Disabled Persons Undertaking in China in 2013

正In 2013,the sixth national congress of China Disabled Persons'Federation(CDPF)was convened successfully,which had provided important idealogical and organizational guarantees for promoting innovation and development at a new starting point.Under the effective leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,Party and government departments had attached great importance,CDPF worked hard,all     

“Poststroke Rescue”Public Welfare Project Plans to Provide Services to 100 000 Shanghai Rural Elderly

正According to Chinanews.com,"Pinetree Poststroke Rescue"public welfare project,which aims at providing social assistance for stroke patients,has established the first rural rehabilitation nursing station in Minhang district of Shanghai on April 3,2014.The public projects has planned to fully cover nine districts in Shanghai suburbs and expect to deliver services to more than 100 000 rural elderly.The organization founder Wang Yanni introduced the"beautiful rural trilogy"strategy.First,by working with     

Low Fertility Trap:Theories,Facts and Implications

The low Fertility Trap Hypothesis proposes that there are three self-reinforcing mechanism--demographic,sociological and economic,working towards a downward spiral in future fertility.Once TFR drops below 1.5,it will be difficult to recover.The fertility recovery emerging in many countries across the world has changed the lowfertility trap theory and also the justification of the theory itself.So low-fertility trap is more likely a pattern summarized from a short-time phenomenon than a generalized social law.As with China,the current fertility level is above 1.5 births per woman,and China is not in the "Low-fertility trap".Moreover,most recent surveys suggests that current fertility intention in China is above 1.8 births per woman and more than60 percent of people would have a second child if there is an adjustment of fertility policy.In addition,birth postponement is still playing an important role in reducing TFR in China.Thus,with the high fertility intention,adjustment of family planning policy and decreasing tempo effect,TFR in China will experience upturn but not further decline in the near future.It is lack of evidence to conclude that China has already been or is going to be trapped in low fertility.