市场调查——为企业导航

“没有人比妈妈更了解你,可是她知道你有多少短裤吗?“乔基公司知道。”“妈妈知道你往每杯水中放几块冰吗?”“可口可乐公司知道。”“妈妈知道你在吃椒盐饼干时是先吃口袋中的碎块还是只先吃整块呢?”“去问费里托·利公司,他们知道。”这是《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章的开头几句话,其中函义是既简单又深刻的:一个公司要想发展壮大,成为世界顶尖的公司,就必须尽可能多地了解市场、了解消费者的需求,而要做到这一点,只有通过市场调查。为了及时准确地获得市场发展变化中的各种重要资料和信息,进而通过大量市场资料的占有和分析做出正确的营…     

中小企业与大企业合作关系探讨

在中小企业与大企业之间的关系上，许多人认为，随着大企业的不断发展，中小企业与大企业之间的关系是一种激烈竞争的关系，形象地说，是一种“大鱼吃小鱼”的关系，或者是中小企业依附大企业才能生存的关系。但是20世纪60年代以来世界经济的发展事实表明，     

中小企业为何短寿

大量的中小型企业如雨后春笋般进入市场,但繁荣的背后也存在着很大的问题,据有关部门统计,目前,我国68%的中小企业生命周期都超不过5年.是什么影响了中小企业的寿命呢?创亿企业咨询有限公司董事长贾宝珍日前为困扰中小企业的这一顽症把了一脉.     

让客户对你“一见钟情”

企业能否健康持续发展，很大程度上取决于产品的销售力。而为了让产品能够深入消费者之心，不论大企业还是小企业，都使出了五花八门的绝招。在波涛汹涌的商场竞争中，可谓“得民心者得天下”。为了让消费者对该品牌过目不忘，企业的策划人员更是“八仙过海，各显神通”。那么商家究竟使了些什么战术呢？     

中国公司海外投资"春潮涌动"

随着经济全球化不断加深，中国公司开拓海外市场的意愿也越来越强烈，除了大型公司，民营及中小企业在这轮“出口潮”中扮演了重要角色。当然，它们给当地居民带来实惠的同时，也遇到了一些问题。因此，发挥自身优势才是中国企业海外投资的正确选择。     

西部地区中小企业集群化发展对策

中小企业与大企业在全球市场同台竞技的时候,核心问题总是如何形成其竞争优势,而企业竞争优势的确立与其规模密切相关。中小企业与大企业相比,在企业规模上存在明显的劣势。因此,中小企业要形成战略伙伴关系才能克服与其规模相关的劣势。 中小企业集群是指在某一特定领域中通常以一个主导产业为核心,大量产业联系密切的中小企业以及相关支撑机构在空间上集聚所形成的集合体。由于长期国家产业政策的地区倾斜、市场机制的不断深化和     

掌握与上司融洽交往的妙招

谁也不是生活在真空里,任你怎么游走,也绝对游走不出“三点一线”的大圆圈,即不是在家里,就是在外边;不是在外边,就是在工作单位。在“三点一线”的大圈子里,个人与上司的关系,是任何人都比较注重的大问题。因为,你的人生价值的体现,在很大程度上取决于工作单位里与上司的关系。搞得好,一顺百顺;搞得不好,怎么做都不顺,甚至把关系激化成矛盾,让人非常头疼。那么,怎样才能与上司“交际”好呢?笔者认为,以下三招堪称妙招:     

基于差序格局理论的中小企业关系营销策略研究

中小企业是市场经济的组成元素,随着我国改革开放的深入．中小企业在经济中的重要性日益凸显。而很多企业却一味注重打造推销活动．而忽视了人际关系在企业的整体营销中的功能。针对这种现状,文中提出企业应以“差序格局”情理人际交往组合手段为载体．建立适应市场环境变化的人际关系营销和相应的各种营销策略,更好地提高中小企业市场营销效能。     

人间喜剧

代替 结婚不到一个月的小李在一次车祸中去世了,他的妻子深受打击,痛不欲生,她丈夫生前的好友上前安慰她,并说:“我愿意代替你丈夫。”“但是会得到同意吗?”妻子眼泪汪汪地问。“还要征得谁同意呢?”“当然是殡仪馆啊?”     

“块状经济”内部民间借贷问题探讨

“块状经济”是指在一定区域内,以一个主导产业为核心、众多关联中小企业及相应支撑组织在空间上的大量集聚。具体来说,“块状经济”就是一群自主独立而又相互关联的中小企业以专业化分工和协作建立起来的经济组织。改革开放以来,浙江从培育市场起步,促进专业市场、特色产业和中小城镇联动发展,市场越做越大,产业越做越强,形成了特色鲜明的区域“块状经济”,在市场竞争中显示了较强的优势。“块状经济”虽然对我国经济发展意义重大,但由于我国有关中小企业的融资制度的惯性和路径依赖,“块状经济”内部中小企业融资难的问题一直没有解决,资…     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.