福建畲族特色村寨乡村振兴路径探索——以三明大田东坂畲族村为例

党的十九大报告中提出乡村振兴的重要战略部署,十九届五中全会再次强调乡村振兴的重要性,提出全面推进乡村振兴.少数民族聚居地区的乡村振兴是我国全面推进乡村振兴的重要组成部分,以大田东坂畲族村为例,通过对福建畲族特色村寨的深入研究发现,特色村寨建设在大力发展特色产业、弘扬畲族特色文化、乡村治理实践探索、重视乡土人才培育等方面...     

从脱贫到振兴：民族地区人口内生动力的理论缺口与研究

个体内生动力归根到底是人格动力的议题。要持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果并接续推进民族地区乡村振兴,使民族地区人口自身具备持续向上提升的内生动力就显得尤为重要。本文从需要和认知两个视角来厘清西方的动机理论,发现其深具西欧与北美白人社会的文化价值与色彩,这些理论与中华民族地区的现实之间存在着“接口悖论”。故而民族地区扶贫与振兴语境下的“内生动力”,有别于西方心理学语境中自我决定理论所指的“内在动机”,它是一个中国化的心理学概念。从科学哲学的视角来看,若要为民族地区脱贫与乡村振兴提供有效的心理学理论,采用行动研究来构建民族性或地方性知识不失为一条讲好中国故事的研究路径。     

民族地区脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究——以内蒙古自治区兴安盟西哲里木镇为例

两大战略的有效衔接对民族地区的繁荣发展意义重大。以农牧区为考察地点,采用质性研究法,对国家乡村振兴重点帮扶旗县的西哲里木镇的衔接情况进行调查研究,探讨了脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴的衔接点与突破口。结合脱贫攻坚成效分析,西哲里木镇两大战略衔接存在动态管理不严谨,督查考核不细致;就业帮扶不明显,培训流于形式化;特色产业不显著,信贷投放不明确;乡风习俗不文明,村容村貌有待提升等问题。因此,为统筹应对以上的难点问题,提出建立脱贫联动机制,提升组织效能;支持稳岗拓展就业,组织技能培训;发展优势特色产业,抓好信贷投放;推动乡村移风易俗,保障基础设施等对策建议来提升农牧区的现代化建设,改善农牧区的生活环境。     

政策代理“责任到人”与农业生产“组织起来”——农牧交错地带脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接的动力机制研究

仅仅依靠农民的内生动力和主体性,很难解决小农户横向合作、一二三产业各个环节纵向衔接等困扰农民致富的难题。脱贫攻坚政策代理“责任到人”,下沉到基层,将国家政策红利变现,推动了一个又一个农民组合,实现了一个又一个产业组合,这才是决胜脱贫攻坚的关键。通过脱贫攻坚的实践,继续深化国家体制改革,锻造、选拔出一批既具备行政职业素养,又谙熟基层社会实际的行政队伍,是乡村振兴衔接全面脱贫的动力机制的基础。     

民族地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的地方性实践——以东乡县布楞沟村为例

文章从基层实践入手,以民族自治地方国家扶贫工作重点县——甘肃省临夏回族自治州东乡县布楞沟村为个案,考察其脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴两大战略有效衔接的现状。在总结其"内连外搭、融合推进"衔接模式的基础上提出:民族地区实现两大战略有效衔接,要因时因地因人制宜,坚持农村农民主体地位,创新性转化乡土文化潜能,以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为战略衔接的出发点和落脚点,实现从后脱贫时代向全面乡村振兴阶段的平稳过渡。     

脱贫地区公共图书馆持续助力乡村振兴的思考与策略研究——以四川凉山地区为例

为巩固国家脱贫攻坚成果,持续推进脱贫地区巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接。笔者通过问卷调查、调查走访、电话访谈等方式,调查了凉山州脱贫地区群众文化生活现状,分析了脱贫地区公共图书馆文化助力乡村振兴存在的问题,并由此提出文化助力乡村振兴提升策略：大力进行阅读推广、建设公共数字文化乡村振兴平台、发掘地方特色产业文化、推进总分馆制、加强人才培训等。     

乡村空间的有效衔接——民族地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的路径

村落作为乡村振兴的基本空间单元,直接关系着脱贫攻坚的巩固和拓展。随着城镇化的快速推进,民族地区出现了村落萎缩、组织体系崩溃、价值体系扭曲、内生动力与脱贫稳定性不足等问题。脱贫攻坚具有的乡村空间内涵以及与乡村空间的潜在关系问题日益凸显。基于空间研究视角解构乡村振兴战略下民族地区脱贫攻坚面临的问题,有利于改善和提升脱贫攻坚效能。以提升内生动力为中心和多层协同自主治理是新时期脱贫攻坚与乡村空间关系优化的基本路径。乡村振兴的实现应基于乡村空间整体的综合考虑与整合推进,建立包括家庭、学校、社区内公共机构等参与的乡村振兴学习共同体,促进乡村空间多功能协同转型,显示出脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接路径之全新的空间维度。     

旅游开发与乡村振兴耦合模式研究——以泰国湄康蓬村为例

旅游业在乡村振兴战略中被寄予厚望,但也要警惕其不当发展在乡村内部制造新的不平衡。本文以泰国"社区本位式旅游"典范湄康蓬村为例,通过问卷调查研究村民对旅游的感知、态度与评价,发现村民感知积极,对旅游发展的支持度大,发展模式认可度高。从实践效果看,湄康蓬村在旅游开发的同时实现了乡村全面振兴,这一成功的耦合模式得益于以长老式文化中间人为核心,以外部支撑和内部增能为两翼的东西合璧式治理。该模式有效结合了自下而上与自上而下的管理,有利于推动垂直治理向合作治理转型。湄康蓬村旅游发展的启示是:(1)重视长老式文化中间人的培育与规制;(2)挖掘收入之外的正向影响与幸福之源;(3)客观看待旅游业在乡村振兴中的作用。     

西部民族村寨旅游业发展促进乡村全面振兴的逻辑与路径

旅游业一直是西部少数民族村寨脱贫致富、乡村社会经济发展的重要依托产业,也必将长期伴随着民族村寨乡村振兴发展的整个进程。本文在阐释乡村振兴、乡村全面振兴概念基础上,针对当前西部地区民族村寨发展面临的乡村衰落困境,提出旅游业能够促进乡村实现全面振兴是其最显著的特点,探索分析中国特色的旅游业促进西部民族村寨乡村全面振兴的道路,并按照2017年中央农村工作会议提出的“走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路”、2018年中央一号文件关于实施乡村振兴战略分“三步走”目标任务等一系列中央精神指导,尝试性提供旅游业促进西部民族村寨乡村全面振兴的路径选择。     

乡村振兴视域下民族特色村寨的价值分析与建设路径——基于鄂西南民族地区的考察

实施乡村振兴战略,是新时代“三农”工作的总抓手。民族特色村寨建设是实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容。乡村振兴视域下民族特色村寨价值不仅体现一般的历史文化价值,更体现了重要的历史价值、文化价值、经济价值、科学价值。地方立法不足,乡村过疏化,村寨传统文化解构,成为影响恩施州民族特色村寨建设的主要因素。通过完善立法内容,增强村寨经济活力,重塑村寨文化,或许是促进民族特色村寨建设,实现民族乡村振兴的可行路径。     

社会治理新模式：少数民族无讼村屯建设的理论与实践

无讼村屯治理模式是在无讼文化回归的基础上,在中国特色社会主义新时代多重治理政策合力作用下产生。少数民族无讼村屯将无讼文化、基层治理、民族团结这三个分别具有传统属性、现代属性、民族属性的概念有机结合,是打造共建共治共享的社会治理新格局、推进乡村振兴战略、建设中华民族共同体的可靠尝试。融合少数民族元素从主体、布局、方略、考核以及激励机制等方面,探究极具文化特色无讼民族村屯的建设实践,挖掘无讼民族村屯建设面临的现实问题,剖析阻碍无讼民族村屯实现社会价值的根本原因,明晰无讼民族村屯建设中主体定位偏差、纠纷解决机制局限性以及“三治”元素缺失的建设生态。针对其建设生态,直面少数民族乡村基层社会的复杂性与多元性,建设者宜构筑一核多元、调解高效、“三治”元素与民族元素相融合的少数民族无讼村屯治理模式,以真正契合中国特色社会主义新时代下的多重政策要求,从而有力推动少数民族乡村基层治理体系与治理能力的现代化进程。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

乡村振兴背景下新乡贤参与民族地区乡风文明建设的路径

在实施乡村振兴战略的时代背景下,乡风文明建设作为“铸魂”工程直接关系到乡村振兴目标的实现。当前,民族地区乡风文明建设中呈现出传统文化传承断裂、落后观念仍然普遍存在、公共文化服务能力不足等诸多问题,其中乡村人才缺乏以及乡村人才如何参与乡风文明建设是当下面临的主要问题。因此,新乡贤作为乡村精英理应成为民族地区乡风文明建设的有生力量,并可以基于自身情怀、责任及资财禀赋,通过嵌入式“在场”参与到乡风文明建设中,如通过开展对传统文化的传承创新活动提升乡村民众的文化自信,通过挖掘和弘扬乡村礼俗促进乡村善治,通过融入公共文化服务体系建设引领社会主义核心价值观在乡村的实践等,由此助推淳朴民风与和谐乡风的形成,为民族地区乡村振兴提供坚强保障。     

晚清闽东畲族乡村的乞丐问题——以九通畲村"禁丐碑"碑文为中心

清代道光年以来,闽东福宁府畲族村出现屡禁不止的流丐侵扰问题.为此,最为常见的防范措施是,村民吁请县衙"出示严禁",经过县衙批准,畲族村民设立"禁丐碑".与此同时,畲族乡村成立自卫组织,以巡查田园、保护村庄.该组织既得到了县衙的认可,也受到县衙的严格控制.     

从跨界共享到乡土融合:嘹歌复兴与壮族社会变迁研究

以嘹歌文化主要流布地--广西平果县的田野资料为例证,"历时"与"共时"视角并重,描述了迈入21世纪的壮族嘹歌由衰至盛的复兴历程。反思嘹歌文化的发展,文章认为推动乡村优秀传统文化在传承与创新中实现"跨界共享"可以成为乡村文化振兴的有效路径,总结其规律,"传承-创新-再融入"是一重要发展模式。在多元互动的语境下,平衡好文化"向上"与"向下"之间的流向关系,对乡村社会的发展至关重要。     

西部民族地区乡村振兴的人本价值实现研究

实施乡村振兴战略是迈向共同富裕和铸牢中华民族共同体意识的国家重大部署,具有以人为本的价值目标。本文以马克思的人本管理思想为指导,分析西部民族地区乡村振兴的人本逻辑;基于人本价值实现的物质基础和内生发展能力,梳理西部民族地区乡村振兴的主要路径。依据西部民族地区乡村振兴的投入特征与产出效果,将国家重大政策支持作为培育人本价值实现能力的投入因素,提出落实重大政策的对策建议;将服务国家需要作为提升人本价值实现能力的产出效果,从质性研究分析服务国家需要的主要效果。