环境关心的测量：NEP量表在中国的应用评估

本文检视了西方学者（特别是美国学者）自20世纪70年代以来测量公众环境关心的历程,分析了广为使用的NEP量表的提出及修订,并重点基于2003年中国综合社会调查（城市部分）资料,对修订过的NEP量表在中国的应用效果进行了评估。作者指出,不加改造地在中国应用修订过的NEP量表,效果并不理想。但是,经过适当改造之后,该量表可以作为测量公众环境关心的重要工具。     

市场的社会建构与行动者的逻辑：对上海电视剧市场的研究

近年来,随着中国经济社会结构的快速转型,广播电视制度也正在经历着快速变迁,促使电视剧的制作、交易与播映等日趋市场化。面对来自政治和社会的双重作用,围绕电视剧及其运作过程中的不确定性,参与其中的制片公司、电视台以及政府管理部门都试图策略性地主导权力关系的运作。区别于以往“网络结构分析”与“政治文化分析”的市场社会学传统,本文引入了“行动者分析”的视角,将市场视为一种不同行动者参与的社会建构过程。通过分析上海电视剧市场运作的实证资料,本文阐明了行动者的策略性行动及其身处的结构性制约,并对市场秩序的建构性与变动性特征进行了讨论。     

差别暴露、差别职业和差别体验——中国城乡居民环境关心差异的实证分析

本文利用2010年中国综合社会调查数据,比较分析了城乡居民的环境关心差异：城乡居民在看待环境问题的方式上存在一种相似且连贯的心态体系;城乡居民的环境关心水平存在显著差异,城市居民在诸多方面都较乡村居民表现出更多的环境关心;国外关于“居住地假设”的三种理论,只有“差别暴露理论”可以解释一部分城乡差异,其余两种理论均没有得到数据的有效支持;环境知识和媒体使用在城乡居民环境关心差异形成过程中具有重要的中介作用;城乡居民的环境关心差异在趋于缩减,并开始走向同构。     

性暴力的光谱:客观测量与主体建构之错位 ——基于21世纪四次全国调查数据的理论反思

性暴力已成为全球关注的社会问题,而我国对性暴力的研究尚存在明显限制.本文立足于中国人民大学性社会学研究所自2000年以来开展的四次全国调查的数据,试图从四个方面丰富性暴力的研究.首先,本文提供具有全国代表性的性暴力数据.其次,除了反映女性遭受的性暴力,本文还提供男性遭受的性暴力的数据,并比较性别差异.第三,本文反思既有的性暴力概念,指出在区分性暴力程度的基础上构造性暴力光谱的必要性,并通过调查数据揭示不同程度的性暴力的发生率.第四,本文从主体建构的角度反思四次全国调查的数据,并反思主体建构取向与客观测定思路之间的错位.     

建构论视角下的环境与社会——西方环境社会学的发展走向

环境建构论自20世纪80年代中后期出现以来获得了持续发展,成为环境社会学的一个重要理论分支。本文基于环境建构论的发展历程,从环境社会学的多元研究范式、环境问题的社会建构论、环境建构论与环境实在论的争论等几个方面概述该理论,并对环境社会学的发展走向作出展望。     

中国周边战略建构:环境·目标·手段·能力

本文以中国的周边战略建构作为考察对象,在分析现状、厘清相关界定的基础上,从政治、经济、军事等要素出发,对中国周边战略建构中面临的战略环境、战略目标、战略手段、战略能力等问题进行了分析。指出中国在周边战略环境上面临"环形"的战略压力,设定了短期目标与中长期目标、以及最高目标与最低目标,分析了中国在战略手段上的具体运用,以及实现"软""硬"双翼、资源整合与重点突出两个层面战略能力的提升。     

论企业环境守法激励机制的建构

我国在构建企业环境守法激励机制上尚属空白,国外关于企业环境守法激励机制的成功经验可给我们以启示:可以采用企业自愿、协商、非强制方式来调动企业守法的积极性,引导、激励企业行为向良性的轨道前进.构建企业环境守法激励机制,有利于实现环境优化、发展低碳经济;有利于加强环境执法的实效性.我们可从政府层面采用行政指导、行政合同等非强制的方式引导企业环境守法行为,制定激励企业守法的相关制度;从企业层面更新观念,在企业文化中强调企业环境责任的理念,推行环境污染责任保险,定期公布企业环境行为信息;从公众层面发挥社会监督的力量、利用环境公益诉讼捍卫公众的环境权益等几个维度构建企业环境守法激励机制.     

如何在社会调查中更好地测量中国人的宗教信仰？

由于西方社会排他性强的聚会性宗教占主导地位,而中国排他性弱的混合宗教更为兴盛,故中国的社会调查运用宗派本位的西方宗教测量工具会遇到遗漏或错分信仰群体等问题。对此,本文从信仰归属、宗教实践、宗教组织成员资格三个维度及这三个维度之间的逻辑关系上提出中西宗教之差别对问卷调查的影响。通过在2014年中国家庭追踪调查中尝试神灵本位的信仰测量方案,以及将其分别与该调查前后两轮追踪调查的问卷设计和数据相比较,本文检验及展现了既有测量工具在采集中国人宗教信仰数据时存在的问题,并提出改进宗教信仰社会测量的建议。     

组织特征、控制环境与内部会计控制——基于浙江民营企业的调查数据

本研究对浙江地区民营企业进行了抽样调查,分析了不同组织特征的民营企业在内部控制环境、内部会计控制方法运用上的差异.调查数据显示,浙江民营企业内部控制环境整体状况不很理想,还有较大提升空间.不同组织特征的民营企业在控制环境状况上存在差异,其中不同企业注册类型、企业所处发展阶段在内部控制环境整体状况上差异性显著;不同组织特征的民营企业总体上在控制方法和手段运用上比较单一,其中家族持股比例、关键岗位家族成员任职比例、企业所处发展阶段这几个组织特征与内部会计控制方法运用之间存在显著相关关系.虽然企业在内部控制环境要素上的差异是存在的,但控制环境与内部会计控制方法运用的相关性并不显著.     

Meta-Analysis as a Research Synthesis Methodology: Cause for Concern

ABSTRACT

The use of meta-analysis is growing in popularity. It is based on the fundamental notion of the effect size, and a critical assumption is that effect sizes based on different measures are directly comparable. In this article it is argued that the direct comparability of effect sizes across measures implies the invariance of the effect sizes across these measures. A model of standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size invariance is developed, based on multifacet generalizability theory, which shows that SMD effect size invariance requires certain validity invariance conditions to hold. One implication of these findings is that the direct comparability of SMD effect sizes based on different measurement procedures is an empirical matter requiring testing prior to conducting a meta-analysis. Findings are also discussed suggesting that violations of one of these conditions—universe score validity invariance—can bring about substantial differences across SMD effect sizes as a function of measurement procedure. These findings suggest the need for a more refined use of meta-analysis since meta-analytic results may be adversely impacted by the lack of direct comparability of effect sizes based on different measures.     

构建基于过程管理的《高等数学》课平时成绩管理模型

基于教学过程,构建学生平时成绩管理模型,在Excel中用VBA编程,使平时成绩真正做到平时得到、实时统计。     

Testing the qualitative differences between empathy and personal distress: Measuring core affect and self-orientation

In two studies the emotional valence, the level of arousal and self-orientation of empathic concern and personal distress are tested. The empathic concern prevalence versus personal distress prevalence is induced through pictures in Study 1 (N = 62) and perspective-taking instructions in Study 2 (N = 60). Results of Study 1 show that participants in the personal distress-prevalence condition report significantly more negative emotional valence (d = .65), higher arousal (d = .48), and higher self-orientation (d = .57) than participants in the empathic concern-prevalence condition. Results of Study 2 show that participants in the self-oriented condition report the highest arousal, followed by participants in the other-oriented condition, and the objective condition (η_p² = .58). Concerning the increase of self-orientation, results show that it is mediated by the personal distress induced by self-perspective instructions. Similar results in emotional valence were found between self- and other-oriented conditions.     

Powerless,Stupefied, and Repressed Actors Cannot Challenge Climate Change: Real Helplessness as a Barrier Between Environmental Concern and Action

There is a gap between concern about environmental degradation such as climate change and effective action taken against the forces that drive degradation. This paper argues that real helplessness, a social condition producing powerless, stupefied, and repressed actors, is a fortified barrier between climate concern and effective climate action. Political-economic analysis has theoretical and methodological implications for environmental social science and helps explain a current conundrum in critical sociology: Why are alternatives to a system that drives climate change and other catastrophic risks still seen as unrealistic? We suffer from a political-economic system impervious to transformation before we suffer from a lack of alternative ideas.     

Environmental ethics for social work: Social work's responsibility to the non‐human world

Gray M, Coates J. Environmental ethics for social work: Social work's responsibility to the non‐human world This lead article in this Special Issue begins discussion on an environmental ethics for social work and raises arguments as to whether and, if so, why social workers have duties, obligations, responsibilities and commitments to the non‐human world. It provides an overview of the field of environmental ethics in searching for a moral stance to affirm an environmental social work. To what extent should social workers engage in fundamental geopolitical issues concerned with climate change, global warming, environmental degradation, pollution, chemical contamination, sustainable agriculture, disaster management, pet therapy, wilderness protection and so on and, if so, why and how? Are these issues incidental and peripheral and only of concern when they impact upon humans or do social workers have a responsibility beyond human interests? What is the significance of the ‘non‐human’ for social work? The article explores the terrain of the burgeoning field of environmental ethics to determine whether convincing ethical grounds for environmental social work might be found beyond hortatory claims of what the profession ought to be doing to address environmental concerns.     

Validating a Comprehensive Model of Environmental Concern Cross‐Nationally: A U.S.‐Canadian Comparison*

Objective. The dimensionality of “environmental concern” remains ambiguous despite decades of research on environmental attitudes and beliefs. We attempt to provide insight into this issue by using the belief systems perspective and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test a comprehensive conceptualization of environmental concern. Methods. The study employs a comparative design by using national probability samples of citizens from Canada and the United States, and a comprehensive conceptualization model to maximize content validity. We utilize CFA and structural equation modeling techniques to avoid well‐known measurement error problems in survey research. Results. Eight key facets of environmental concern have moderate to high factor loadings on one underlying construct, and all but perception of community problems and national problems have high loadings. Further analyses provide construct validation for our measurement model. Conclusion. Our results suggest that even among the general public, attitudes toward environmental issues are relatively well organized into a broad and coherent sense of “concern for the environment.” The similarity in the U.S. and Canadian results increases our faith in the validity of our comprehensive conceptualization of environmental concern, as well as the utility of the belief systems perspective and CFA modeling for future studies of environmental attitudes and beliefs.     

Environmental shifts for social work: A principles approach

Miller SE, Hayward RA, Shaw TV. Environmental shifts for social work: A principles approach The social work profession is rooted in a history of addressing the needs of vulnerable populations. Generally, however, this history has not extended to issues relating to the natural environment. Building on a framework of environmental justice, this article proposes a shift from the artificial separation of the social and natural environments in its person‐in‐environment focus to an expanded holistic understanding of the dynamic interplay between human society and the natural environment. It examines issues surrounding environmental and ecological justice, and proposes a principles approach to move the profession towards a paradigm of environmental justice using as its template the 17 Principles of Environmental Justice adopted by the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in the USA in 1991. It discusses the value of these principles in enhancing social work's capacity to address issues of environmental concern. It proposes that, with greater awareness of the effects of environmental issues on high‐needs populations, the profession would be better able to balance environmental and human concerns.