一种含有定性因素权重置信域的CKS-DEA改进模型

CKS-DEA模型很难对定性指标的权重予以置信域约束.其原因在于该模型在定性指标的处理上采用了不等距价值排序结构.为了解决该缺陷,本文首先提出了等距价值结构概念并给出了相应的价值排序方法.之后,通过适当改进Wong和Beasley的DEA乘子置信约束方法,给出了如何利用决策者价值判断信息对等距价值结构的价值位置权重施加控制的置信约束构造方法及CKS-DEA改进模型.最后,通过一个实例,对CKS-DEA改进模型和原模型进行了对比,证实了改进模型的有效性.     

DEA决策单元的广义价值效率测度模型

为了克服DEA模型存在权重取值过于灵活的缺陷,在DEA建模原理的基础上,通过引入价值偏好估计对经典DEA模型予以了科学推广,并依据该模型推广建立了能够适用于决策者价值函数为非线性函数情况的DEA权重置信域构造方法与相应的决策单元价值效率分析方法即DEA广义价值效率测度实用模型。该模型的主要优点在于:权重置信域的构造具有科学严密性和价值信息引入的可操作性,从而可以保证分析结论的可靠性。数值验证结果表明,该模型可以得出可靠、可信且具有较强分辨能力的价值效率评价结论。     

两种改进的超效DEA模型

对DEA有效决策单元不能排序是传统DEA模型的一大缺点。该问题也成为DEA领域研究的热点。AP模型是最常用的区分DEA有效决策单元效率值大小的超效模型,但在实际应用中却出现了无解或解不稳定的情况。国外学者新近提出的MAJ模型、LJK模型则有效解决了这两个问题,但却存在模型区分能力不强的缺点。本文分析了这两种模型缺点产生的原因、予以改进并给出理论证明。标准数据集的实验显示改进效果显著,尤其是改进后的LJK模型表现优异。     

超效率DEA模型的区间扩展

将一种改进的DEA模型-超效率DEA(SE-DEA)模型[1]拓展到区间投入产出情形,得到区间SE-DEA模型。定义了一种反映决策者满意度的区间数序关系。当决策者给定一满意度水平,将区间SE-DEA中的区间不等式约束转化为确定型约束。研究了该满意度水平的另一层含义,即决策者对除被评价决策单元外的其它决策单元的偏好程度,据此将区间SE-DEA中的区间等式约束和区间目标函数转化为确定型。最终将区间SE-DEA转化为某一满意度水平下的确定型SE-DEA,并进行求解。最后将文中方法应用于天津市某4家科研所的效率预测问题之中。     

基于DEA的学科有效性评价

高校重点学科的评选是我国加强教育和科技发展一项重要举措。针对强调学科水平的同时,需要注意办学效益问题,本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法建立了学科技术有效性评价模型,通过对同学科多所院校的投入产出观察数据,得出了相应技术有效性与否的结论。结果表明,该模型不仅能评价学科的办学效益水平,而且能对非技术有效的学科,提供改进依据。     

条件自回归利率下缴费预定型企业年金保险的生存年金精算现值模型

本文利用时间序列理论将投资利率为条件AR(1)模型推广为条件AR(p)模型,并利用生存年金理论得到缴费预定型企业年金保险中相应利率下的生存年金精算现值模型,这对解决企业合理发放养老金,避免企业养老基金出现赤字等问题具有重要理论指导意义和实际应用价值.     

基于机会约束随机Index-DEA的投资组合效率评价

传统DEA和分散化DEA是两种常见的非参数评价方法,二者也被广泛应用于投资组合效率评价。已有相关研究通常将风险和期望收益视为投资组合的投入和产出指标,但该投入-产出假设与实际投资过程并不吻合。在实际投资过程中,真实投入应为投资组合的初始财富,产出则是其终端财富。基于新的投入-产出假设,本文对投资组合初始财富进行标准化,将终端财富转化为收益率形式,进而构造随机生产可能集和相应的机会约束随机Index-DEA模型。当投资组合收益率服从联合正态分布时,随机Index-DEA模型被转化为等价的确定性模型,从理论上证明该等价模型的凸凹性,并提出相应的求解算法。最后,利用该随机Index-DEA模型对我国30只开放式基金进行效率评价,验证所提出DEA模型和求解算法的有效性。     

两阶段生产系统的DEA效率评价模型

数据包络分析(DEA)作为一种数学规划方法,已经被广泛用来评价一个决策单元相对于其它决策单元的效率。经典的DEA模型把决策单元看作一个“黑箱”,对决策单元的内部运行机制不作深入的研究。本文以一个两阶段生产系统为例,从生产系统的内部过程出发,提出一个基于DEA的模型以合理评估该决策单元的相对效率。本文提出的模型实质上是一类特殊的网络DEA模型,其评价原理有别于已有的研究成果,但确实有助于管理者确定生产过程(如供应链)的非有效来源及其效率改进方向。     

基于整数乘子的多阶段多顾客供应链库存协调模型的改进研究

首先研究了Khouja(2003)[1]提出的三种多阶段多顾客供应链库存协调机制及其模型。在分析其第三种模型(厂商2的整数次幂)的解的遗漏性与实际应用的苛刻条件基础上,提出了基于整数乘子的多阶段多顾客供应链库存改进模型,经过数值实证了改进模型能得到更优结果。研究提出的改进模型更具有普适性,适应供应链精细化运营与管理的要求。     

考虑环境属性约束的平行结构DEA模型

针对平行结构DEA模型在构造虚拟参考单元时没有考虑任何约束可能存在低估效率的情况,通过加入决策单元的环境属性对现有的平行结构模型进行了改进,从而在组合为虚拟参考单元的子决策单元之间添加必要的约束,使得模型所得的效率值更具现实意义。最后,将改进后的平行结构模型应用于中国各省份污染治理效率评价问题,从实证角度验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

Super-efficiency based on a modified directional distance function

The problem of infeasibility arises in conventional radial super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) models under variable returns to scale (VRS). To tackle this issue, a Nerlove–Luenberger (N–L) measure of super-efficiency is developed based on a directional distance function. Although this N–L super-efficiency model does not suffer infeasibility problem as in the conventional radial super-efficiency DEA models, it can produce an infeasible solution in two special situations. The current paper proposes to modify the directional distance function by selecting proper feasible reference bundles so that the resulting N–L measure of super-efficiency is always feasible. As a result, our modified VRS super-efficiency model successfully addresses the infeasibility issues occurring either in conventional VRS models or the N–L super-efficiency model. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate our approach and compare results obtained from various super-efficiency measures.     

A modified DEA model to estimate the importance of objectives with an application to agricultural economics

This paper demonstrates a connection between data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a non-interactive elicitation method to estimate the weights of objectives for decision-makers in a multiple attribute approach. This connection gives rise to a modified DEA model that allows us to estimate not only efficiency measures but also preference weights by radially projecting each unit onto a linear combination of the elements of the payoff matrix (which is obtained by standard multicriteria methods). For users of multiple attribute decision analysis the basic contribution of this paper is a new interpretation in terms of efficiency of the non-interactive methodology employed to estimate weights in a multicriteria approach. We also propose a modified procedure to calculate an efficient payoff matrix and a procedure to estimate weights through a radial projection rather than a distance minimization. For DEA users, we provide a modified DEA procedure to calculate preference weights and efficiency measures that does not depend on any observations in the dataset. This methodology has been applied to an agricultural case study in Spain.     

两阶段DEA前沿面投影问题研究——兼对我国上市银行运营绩效进行评价

DEA方法,即数据包络分析方法,是一种用于评价决策单元(Decision Making Units,DMUs)相对有效性的实证方法。近年来DEA方法已经广泛的应用于各行各业的绩效评价中,并发展出两阶段DEA方法。两阶段DEA方法相对于传统DEA方法的优势在于,它不但可以提供被评价对象的总体效率值,还可以分别生成每一阶段的效率值。但正是由于中间要素的存在,按照传统的DEA方法来调整两阶段DEA投入、产出要素的优化过程已不能成功投影在有效前沿面上。本文基于两阶段DEA方法,通过加入"虚拟中间要素"在两阶段DEA中嵌入一个"虚拟阶段",这样不但完善了两阶段DEA的逻辑结构,而且成功的将被评价单元投影到有效前沿面。最后本文应用以上方法对我国上市银行的运营绩效进行了实证分析。实证结果令我们意外的是,国有商业银行运营绩效优于股份制银行。     

Two-stage DEA models with undesirable input-intermediate-outputs

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric approach for measuring the relative efficiencies of peer decision making units (DMUs). Many studies have examined DEA efficiencies of two-stage systems, where all the outputs from the first stage are the only inputs to the second stage. Although single-stage DEA models with undesirable input-outputs have been extensively studied, there still lacks of more systematical investigation on two-stage DEA with undesirable variables. For instance, depending on its operating model, even whether an intermediate variable is desirable or undesirable can be questionable for a particular two-stage system. Furthermore, most of the existing studies on two-stage systems focus on the case where only the final outputs are undesirable. In this work, we try to systematically examine two-stage DEA models with undesirable input-intermediate-outputs. Particularly, we utilize the free-disposal axioms to construct the production possibility sets (PPS) and the corresponding DEA models with undesirable variables. The proposed models are then used to illustrate some theoretical perspectives by using the data of China׳s listed banks.     

DEA game cross-efficiency approach to Olympic rankings

A number of studies have used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the performance of the countries in Olympic games. While competition exists among the countries in Olympic games/rankings, all these DEA studies do not model competition among peer decision making units (DMUs) or countries. These DEA studies find a set of weights/multipliers that keep the efficiency scores of all DMUs at or below unity. Although cross efficiency goes a further step by providing an efficiency measure in terms of the best multiplier bundle for the unit and all the other DMUs, it is not always unique. This paper presents a new and modified DEA game cross-efficiency model where each DMU is viewed as a competitor via non-cooperative game. For each competing DMU, a multiplier bundle is determined that optimizes the efficiency score for that DMU, with the additional constraint that the resulting score should be at or above that DMU 's estimated best performance. The problem, of course, arises that we will not know this best performance score for the DMU under evaluation until the best performances of all other DMUs are known. To combat this “chicken and egg” phenomenon, an iterative approach leading to the Nash equilibrium is presented. The current paper provides a modified variable returns to scale (VRS) model that yields non-negative cross-efficiency scores. The approach is applied to the last six Summer Olympic Games. Our results may indicate that our game cross-efficiency model implicitly incorporates the relative importance of gold, silver and bronze medals without the need for specifying the exact assurance regions.     

基于DEA联盟博弈核仁解的固定成本分摊方法研究

本文结合DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis)和联盟博弈理论研究了固定成本分摊问题.本文首先证明了在固定成本作为决策单元(Decision Making Unit,DMU)新投入要素的条件下,那么DMU个体和整体将同为DEA有效,在此结论的基础上,本文结合联盟博弈理论,定义了联盟博弈的特征函数,提出了基于核仁解的固定成本分摊模型,并给出了相应的求解算法,最终通过算例说明了本文方法的合理性和求解算法的可行性.     

存在保证域的模糊超效率DEA模型

模糊DEA模型是用于解决存在模糊数据的决策单元(DMUs)效率评价问题的,然而现有的模糊DEA模型分辨率低,本文构建了存在保证域的模糊超效率DEA模型,并给出了一种基于截集的求解方法并进行了证明,该模型有效地解决了输入和输出全部或部分为模糊数的决策单元全排序问题。最后给出了一个银行效率评价的实例说明了方法的有效性。     

环保项目有效性评价的数据包络分析方法

利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法评价环保项目有效性时,输入、输出数据中可能同时存在环境因素,不符合传统的DEA模型要求,需要对这些数据进行转换。本文讨论了"不好的"数据平移转换法、输入和输出因素转换法、倒数转换法,建立了三种DEA模型,对建立的DEA模型一致性进行了分析,拓宽了以前DEA模型的应用范围。一个例子验证了这三种方法在评价环保项目有效性时是一致的。     

考虑满意度的两阶段DEA固定成本分摊方法

考虑具有相同的投入和产出的两阶段决策单元的固定成本分摊问题。将待分摊的固定成本作为一种新的投入,建立两阶段加性DEA模型。首先证明了各决策单元从自身角度出发可以找到至少一种分摊方案,使其自身整体和阶段效率都达到Pareto有效。然后证明了在公共的权重下,至少存在一种分摊方案可以使得各决策单元整体和阶段效率都达到Pareto有效。并给出了这样的有效成本分摊方案集。为了得到公平的成本分摊方案,定义了各DMU各阶段对分摊方案的满意度,最大化最小的满意度,可以得到最终的成本分摊方案。将问题拓展到两阶段存在共享投入的生产系统中,这些性质定理同样成立。数值算例部分将本文与Yu等（2016）的研究结果进行了对比,验证了本文方法的有效性,指出了本文方法的优越性。本文的方法综合考虑了效率和公平,得到的固定成本分摊方案公平合理。     

Benchmarking firm performance from a multiple-stakeholder perspective with an application to Chinese banking

We know very little about how a firm would compare against its peers when evaluated from a multiple-stakeholder perspective where the same variables are interpreted differently. Since most medium-to-large organizations acknowledge the multi-dimensional nature of their operations, finding out the performance evaluations of various stakeholders can inform managerial decision-making. Thus, the main motivation for this study is to capture the interactions among different perceptions on a common set of performance measures. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), we work with an approach that allows a flexible designation of inputs and outputs based on varying perspectives of five key stakeholders in banking. The versatile approach demonstrates that different views from the stakeholder universe can be summarily captured in DEA scores. A numerical example on Chinese commercial banks identifies the compliant (efficient) banks versus rigid (inefficient) banks, as well as the amenable stakeholders (those evaluating banks as efficient) versus the recalcitrant stakeholders (those evaluating banks as inefficient). The aligned views held by management and shareholders as evidenced by significant correlation among performance rankings imply reduced agency costs. Similarly, shared perceptions between customers and employees may encourage management to examine how this important business interface can be improved.