推进计划生育村民自治几个问题的思考

开展计划生育村民自治，已成为建立新的计划生育管理机制和综合改革的重要内容。怎样才能积极稳定地推进计划生育村民自治，完成计划生育综合改革的任务，这是摆在计划生育工作者面前的一个重要课题。笔者带着这一问题到江苏省扬州市几个开展计划生育村民自治试点单位进行了调研。从试点单位的实践过程看，要把这项工作搞好，需要注意把握以下几个问题。一、各级领导要正确看待计划生育村民自治解决好领导的认识，是推进计划生育村民自治的重要前提。笔者调查发现，一些地方的党政领导对开展计划生育村民自治思想上之所以不够重视、工作上不…     

积极推行计划生育村民自治

推行计划生育村民自治工作是农村计划生育管理机制的重大改革，是实行依法管理和落实《中共中央国务院关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》的重要举措。必须提高认识，端正思想，积极稳妥地推行计划生育村民自治，提高计划生育整体工作水平。 一、提高认识，增强推行计划生育村民自治的自觉性 计划生育村民自治是村民依照法律、法规及自治章程，通过民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，对婚姻、生育、节育等婚育行为进行自我管理、自我教育。自我服务和自我监督的计划生育管理体制。 （一）推行计划生育村民自治是计划生育工作管…     

村民自治中的计划生育

如果说,村民自治是通过村民的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督,来实现对村民自治范围内的各项事务的自我教育、自我管理和自我服务的话,那么,村民自治中的计划生育,我认为,主要是通过民主决策、民主管理和民主监督来实现对村民自治范围内的计划生育事务开展自我教育、自我管理和自我服务。这里为什么要把民主选举除外呢,这是由于村民自治的民主选举是指村民委员会的选举,至于像计生办一类的组织,是村委会根据需要设立的,人数少的村也可不设,由村委会成员直接分工负责。因此,村级计划生育组织从法律规定上看不涉及民主选举的问题。村…     

论计划生育村民自治的运行机制

实行计划生育村民自治是农村基层计划生育管理机制的重大改革 ,是生育控制机制的新创造 ,是在社会制约机制和利益导向机制之外的群众自治机制。一些地方计划生育村民自治的成功实践正在开创“民主生育”的新风尚和新格局。“民主生育”在内涵上要比“家庭计划”更为丰富 ,是由民作主、群众自治的生育活动 ,涉及了党群关系、干群关系、群群关系和群我关系这多维的思考和调节。“民主生育”是社会主义基层民主的重要组成部分 ,是新时期计划生育工作机制的重大探索 ,是创造人本主义计划生育模式的必由之路。最后 ,文章结合实际情况讨论了计划生育村民自治的运行机制和指标体系问题。计划生育村民自治的运行机制和效果评估是今后需要引起特别注意的问题     

关于实行计划生育村民自治问题的探讨

一、实行计划生育村民自治的目的、要求和原则计划生育村民自治属于村民自治任务范围。《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》以下简称《组织法》指出：村民自治就是“由村民群众依法办理自己的事情”。村民自治的首要任务是“办理本村的公共事务”。计划生育是我国的基本国策，是与每位村民的切身利益息息相关的社会公共事务，应当属于村民自治的任务范围，是村民自治系统工程的重要组成部分。搞好计划生育是村民委员会协助政府开展工作的重要内容之一。一计划生育村民自治的目的实现村民在计划生育工作中的主人翁地位，依靠自己落实好计划生…     

积极推行计划生育村民自治

计划生育村民自治是指村民在村党组织领导下,在村委会的组织下,依照有关计划生育政策、规章、法规、法律的规定,将计划生育列为村民自治和村规民约的一项重要内容:村民对婚姻、生育、节育等婚育行为实行自我管理、自我教育、自我服务。 一、认真制定计划生育村民自治章程,有序推进计划生     

村民自治与计划生育村民治理

本文结合在浙江省嘉兴市农村实地考察的情况 ,对村民自治条件下计划生育村民治理的基本特征、现实意义及应注意的一些问题进行了论述 ,同时对当前学术界流行的“计划生育村民自治”的提法提出了疑问 ,建议今后以“计划生育村民治理”的提法替代“计划生育村民自治”。     

完善工作机制 推进计划生育村民自治

随着计划生育工作的深入发展以及《村民委员会组织法》的实施，各地都开展了计划生育村民自治试点工作，取得了一定的成绩。但是由于工作机制不健全，计划生育村民自治工作不深入，不持久，效果不显著，进展也不快。如何建立和完善计划生育村民自治中的工作机制，推进计划生育村民自治工作的深入、持久发展，笔者结合工作实际，谈点探讨性的意见。     

计划生育村民自治需要“八有”

计划生育村民自治是新时期加强计划生育工作，稳定低生育水平的有效举措。在积极推行计划生育村民自治工作中要妥善地处理好以下诸方面的问题，才能真正发挥其作用，显示其活力。１．有一支强有力的村级领导班子。各计划生育村民自治单位，首先，应通过村级领导班子整顿，选配好班子成员；其次，统一班子成员思想，树立想干好、敢干好、能干好的决心；最后，要加强业务学习，懂法，熟悉计划生育管理业务。２．有一间多功能的村级活动室。各计划生育村民自治单位，应有一间约４０—５０平方米的活动室。其功能是，作为会议、学习、计生技术服…     

农村计划生育发展的必由之路——泰安市计划生育村民自治实践透析

该文介绍了泰安市计划生育经历的几个阶段及探索和完善计划生育村民自治的做法 ;村民自治的运行机制 ,走出了一条符合中国农村实际的计划生育工作发展之路     

Grasping economic reform and family planning simultaneously]

This report aims at proposing ways the Chinese government can raise productivity levels and living standards while promoting the objectives of family planning. During the 1970's, family planning was heavily emphasized. Every factory, commune, and government agency had a specialized group of personnel responsible for family planning. Since the time of economic reform, this group has been vastly minimized because of the central government's demands for reduction of "unproductive" personnel. Thus, with economic reform came a sizeable obstacle to the family planning campaign. The report takes Hong Lai County as an example of recent undertakings to balance the new reforms and the family planning objectives. Hong Lai County, one of the poorest counties in the Sichuan Province, located in western central Chna, has seen a growth in GNP of 100% since the economic reform of 1979. At the same time, the government of the county has had to work extremely hard to promote family planning, especially in rural areas where these objectives are more difficult to reinforce. The county government, in an effort to encourage these objectives, has set up programs of compensation in the form of special allowances and bonuses. Moreover, eucational programs have proven effective in this area. The report indicates that much success has been achieved in the areas of education through promotional campaigns and vocational training which have, in turn, increased productivity levels and living standards.     

重庆直辖以来人口和计划生育状况分析

本文通过文献研究和问卷调查,分析重庆直辖以来人口和计划生育状况,在总结计划生育工作成效的同时,针对新形势下计划生育工作面临的问题与挑战,提出相应的对策。     

American Catholicism and the International Family Planning Movement

This paper examines the role of the American Catholic Church in the international family planning movement and discusses elements of the Catholic opposition to birth control. The paper argues that the reaction of American Catholics to government support for contraceptive services was based not only on the Church's condemnation of particular contraceptive methods, but also on a variety of other factors including class and ethnic hostility between Catholics and the promoters of family planning, jurisdictional disputes over what institutions would guide family life, the perceived threat that government support of family planning was to the authority of the Church and the Church's understanding of sex and women. The role of an American theology of political compromise and accommodation in mitigating the American Catholic Church's opposition to organized family planning is assessed.     

论加强党校人口理论教研工作

广东是一个人口大省 ,加强党校人口理论教研工作 ,促进各级干部对计划生育重要性的认识 ,是提高广东计划生育工作水平的重要途径。本文在论述加强党校人口理论教研工作的必要性的基础上 ,论述了党校人口理论教研的内容、方法。     

计划生育利益导向政策对生育行为的影响

基于中国各省成文以来的计划生育政策和生育选择数据，本文建立了计划生育利益导向政策对生育数量影响效应的面板模型。计量结果显示：利益导向政策对生育数量有着显著的负向影响，但影响程度远不及经济社会因素对生育数量的影响，更不及生育约束政策对生育数量的影响；利益导向政策内部不同措施出现与政策设计相背离的情况。基于此，本文提出了多推行易于落实的利益导向政策、改变利益导向政策的作用范围、政策设计区分不同目标群体的需求以及维护政府公信力等四条有效提升利益导向政策导向作用的建议。     

Sub-Saharan Africa: population pressures on development

The population of sub-Saharan Africa, estimated at 434 million in 1984, is expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2025. The birth rate, currently 48/1000 population, continues to increase, and the death rate, 17/1000, is declining. Rapid population growth has curtailed government efforts to provide adequate nutrition, preserve the land base essential for future development, meet the demand for jobs, education, and health services, and address overcrowding in urban areas. Low education, rural residence, and low incomes are key contributors to the area's high fertility. Other factors include women's restricted roles, early age at marriage, a need for children as a source of security and support in old age, and limited knowledge of and access to modern methods of contraception. Average desired family size, which is higher than actual family size in most countries, is 6-9 children. Although government leaders have expressed ambivalence toward development of population policies and family planning programs as a result of the identification of such programs with Western aid donors, the policy climat is gradually changing. By mid-1984, at least 13 of the 42 countries in the region had indicated that they consider current fertility rates too high and support government and/or private family planning programs to reduce fertility. In addition, 26 countries in the region provide some government family planning services, usually integrated with maternal and child health programs. However, 10 countries in the region do not support family planning services for any reason. Unfortunately, sub-Saharan Africa has not yet produced a family planning program with a measurable effect on fertility that could serve as a model for other countries in the region. Social and economic change is central to any hope of fertility reduction in sub-Saharan Africa. Lower infant and child mortality rates, rising incomes, higher education, greater economic and social opportunities for women, and increased security would provide a climate more conducive to fertility decline. Given the limited demand, great sensitivity must be shown in implementing family planning programs.     

农村计划生育家庭养老保障机制研究

对农村计划生育家庭在资金和发展经济上给予帮助,使其增加收入,进而也增加了养老积蓄;对计划生育夫妇子女的各种优惠,是帮助家庭增加对孩子的抚养成本投入,以期将来转化为更高的养老价值;政府和集体承担的那部分计划生育养老保险金,是直接给计划生育家庭的养老投入;新启动的农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度,更是与国家退休养老保障制度性质相似的新机制。必须建立相应的,以政府投入为主渠道的计划生育投入机制,通过公共财政支持,才能保证上述养老保障工作的资金需求与资金供给平衡。     

惠州市计划生育综合改革的思考①

惠州市人口和计划生育综合改革十年的实践说明,从统治范式到治理范式的转变,是人口和计划生育工作作为社会公共事务的现实选择和必然需求;它不仅是工作理念上的变革,而且是工作机制、工作方式和工作手段的根本性变革,带来的是计划生育中私人理性和公共理性矛盾的化解、社会的和谐、群众的满意和支持。     

“三关爱”与建设计划生育文明

长春市人口计生委率先提出的人性关爱、人情关爱和人文关爱,即“三关爱”理念,体现了一种自外而内、从下到上的追求,勾画出了计划生育文明的思路框架。人性关爱体现了权利本位的思想,尊重群众,理解群众。人情关爱体现了服务本位的思想。人文关爱体现了文化本位的思想。“三关爱”化解矛盾、创造和谐、促进发展。“三关爱”对政府的工作提出了全新要求,体现了管理型计划生育向服务型计划生育的历史转轨,重民权、合民情、贴民心,构成抓好人口计生工作、提升人口计生工作质量的新动力,是新时期人口计生工作值得关注的重要导向。     

Strengthening family planning management]

Prior to 1984, enforcement of family planning policies in an undisclosed PLA military settlement in China's Jinan Military Region was totally inadequate. After notification from the central government, this military settlement immediately began enforcing family planning policies, resulting in sudden and full compliance with the central government's family planning policies. The system of scientific management of promoting and enforcing family planning, established by local administrators, is described. Management by objectives, clearly defined individual tasks and responsibilities, an full cooperation and support on the part of the authorities are some of the factors responsible for the effectiveness and success of the family planning efforts in this military settlement. A number of potential problem areas are identified scientific management techniques in dealing with uncooperative parties are emphasized.