反身性在工作自主性与创造性问题解决间的中介作用：创造力自我期望的调节效应

创造性问题解决已成为体现个体工作价值和维系组织持续发展的双重关键因素。创造性问题解决需要艰巨而广泛的反身过程,何以促进员工创造性问题解决亟需组织管理领域给出新颖的过程条件解释。基于目标定向理论作为上位理论,构建一个总效应调节模型来系统考察工作自主性与员工创造性问题解决之间的过程机制和情境条件效应。两个时点的问卷数据分析结果显示:(1)工作自主性对创造性问题解决产生显著的正向影响;(2)反身性在工作自主性和创造性问题解决之间起部分中介作用;(3)创造力自我期望强化了工作自主性对创造性问题解决的影响。研究结论深化反身性中介机制及其效用研究,丰富创造力自我期望的情境作用范围,为提升员工创造性问题解决提供了新的思路和管理启示。     

时间压力与创造性人格对员工创造性绩效影响的情景模拟实验研究

在自我决定理论框架下,采用情景模拟实验的方法,以300名大学生为被试,研究了时间压力对企业员工创造性绩效的影响,并检验了创造性人格与时间压力对创造性绩效的交互作用。研究显示,中等创造性人格的个体在信息性时间压力下心理需要满足、创造性绩效显著地高于控制性时间压力下的个体,并得到时间压力性质通过促进个体的心理需要满足,从而促进个体创造性绩效的中介模型;同时,创造性人格和时间压力强度之间存在交互作用,高时间压力下高创造性人格个体的创造性绩效显著地高于其他个体,并发现高创造性人格个体对时间压力强度的感知显著地低于低创造性人格的个体。研究结果对时间压力管理与促进员工创造性绩效具有指导意义。     

团队断裂带对团队创新绩效的影响——双元领导的调节作用和创造性综合的中介作用

团队断裂带影响团队创新绩效的关系机理有待进一步厘清.基于“I-P-O”的理论逻辑,引入双元领导和创造性综合两个变量,建构了团队断裂带影响团队创新绩效的理论模型.以171个工作团队为样本,收集团队领导和成员的配对数据进行实证研究.结果表明：创造性综合在社会分类断裂带与团队创新绩效之间起部分中介作用,在信息认知断裂带与团队创新绩效之间起完全中介作用;双元领导能够弱化社会分类断裂带对团队创新绩效和创造性综合的负向影响,强化信息认知断裂带对团队创新绩效和创造性综合的正向影响.研究深化了团队断裂带与团队创新绩效关系机理的认识,为企业异质性团队管理提供了有益的启示.     

中国情境下高绩效工作系统与企业绩效关系的元分析

用传统的定性综述方法对中国情境下高绩效工作系统与企业绩效的关系强度的研究,至今尚未得出一致结论.本文运用定量综述研究最重要的统计学方法——元分析,对中国情境下高绩效工作系统与企业绩效关系的53篇实证研究文献进行了合并,共获得8788个独立样本、316个效应值,总样本量达58946个.元分析结果发现:(1)高绩效工作系统对企业绩效存在显著正向影响(rz=0.419.p＜0.001),并且它对非财务类绩效(创新绩效、人力资源管理绩效、组织运作绩效)的影响大于对财务类绩效(财务会计绩效、资本市场绩效)的影响;(2)高绩效工作系统与企业绩效的相关性在中国情境下比在西方情境下更大,并且高绩效工作系统对企业绩效影响程度大于单个实践对企业绩效影响程度的简单加总;(3)信息分享与沟通、绩效考核与管理两项高绩效工作实践在中国情境下与企业绩效高度相关,而在西方文化中与企业绩效的相关性并不显著,之前国内的定性综述结论中也认为信息分享与沟通对企业绩效的贡献不大.本文的研究结果可让中国情境下高绩效工作系统与企业绩效的关系研究得出定论,并为未来的高绩效工作系统相关研究指明方向.     

人力资源管理与组织绩效实证研究

论文从我国企业人力资源管理现状出发,结合相关理论,采用问卷设计和调查,对人力资源管理与组织绩效展开实证研究.论文研究发现在我国背景下,企业人力资源管理与组织绩效具有相关性,而不同的人力资源管理活动对不同分类的组织绩效指标的影响不同.同时,一些人力资源管理活动对不同分类的组织绩效指标还具有因果关系.论文研究提出我国企业在需要增强认识人力资源管理战略意义的同时,需要进一步改进和提高人力资源管理水平,以促使企业的可持续发展.     

认知风格与创造性关系研究论述

创造性研究和认知风格研究都已有一段时间的历史,理论的发展逐渐走向整合、走向成熟.然而,在国内创造性和认知风格的实证研究还很薄弱.本文从定性和定量两方面,综论前人关于认知风格与创造性的研究概况,指出可以从将认知风格视为是人格对认知作用的因素,创造性是认知产出结果的一种特性的角度,推进对两者关系的实证研究.     

战略人力资源管理的理论模式

本文将战略人力资源管理中关于人力资源管理与企业绩效关系的研究总结为三种不同的理论模式:根据最佳实践模式,一些HRM活动是普遍有效的,组织采用这些最佳的HRM活动就会获得相当好的绩效;在权变模式里,HRM活动的效率是随着企业战略等因素而变化的,组织采用适合于其战略的HRM活动将更有效率;在形态模式里,HRM活动通过内部匹配形成特定的HRM系统形态,HRM系统与组织战略等因素的外部匹配会对组织绩效产生重要影响。     

员工-组织关系、内在动机与员工创造性——中国企业的实证研究

从自我决定理论的逻辑分析视角出发,分析并论证了不同员工-组织关系对员工创造性和内在动机的差异化影响．同时分析并论证了内在动机对员工-组织关系模式与创造性之间关系的中介作用。以534名中国企业员工为样本．本文的验证结果表明：不同的员工-组织关系对员工的创造性和内在动机的影响是不同的．其中组织中心型关系模式下的员工创造性和内在动机表现均为最高．而工作中心型关系模式下的员工创造性和内在动机表现均为最低：内在动机对组织中心型关系模式与员工创造性之间的关系和工作中心型关系模式与员工创造性之间的关系均具有部分中介作用。随后．分析了本文研究结果的理论意义和实践意义,并指出了本文研究的局限性和下一步的研究方向．     

组织公民行为真的对组织有利吗——中国情境下的强制性公民行为研究

强制性公民行为的存在及其危害已引起西方学界的高度重视,但在国内的学术期刊上还未出现相关的研究.为了探讨中国组织情境下的强制性公民行为,本文通过问卷调查和分析本土企业管理者及其直接下属的配对样本,试图揭示强制性公民行为在中国组织中的存在性、危害性及其危害路径.结果表明:(1)西方学界开发的强制性公民行为测量工具不仅适合于中国组织情境,而且表现得更为明显;(2)中国情境下,强制性公民行为与员工周边绩效和组织承诺显著负相关,但对任务绩效和角色内行为无显著影响;(3)心理契约违背在强制性公民行为与员工周边绩效的关系间发挥部分中介作用的作用;(4)中国人传统性显著调节强制性公民行为与员工周边绩效之间的关系.这些研究成果不仅为强制性公民行为理论提供了强有力的支持,还为后续研究提供了良好的研究视角和基础,时企业管理实践也具有重要的参考价值.     

职场排斥对员工职外绩效的影响:组织认同和工作投入的中介效应

在中国组织情境下探讨职场排斥对员工职外绩效的影响以及组织认同和工作投入在该影响过程中的中介作用.采用问卷法,以珠三角地区企业组织的员工和直接主管为调查对象,使用结构方程模型分析职场排斥、组织认同、工作投入与职外绩效之间的关系.研究表明,职场排斥对员工职外绩效的工作奉献和人际促进两个维度均具有显著的负向影响,说明在中国组织情境下职场排斥会抑制员工的职外绩效;组织认同和工作投入在职场排斥与工作奉献之间具有完全中介效应,在职场排斥与人际促进之间起部分中介作用.研究结果有助于揭开职场排斥影响职外绩效的黑箱,对于管理实践具有较强的启示意义.     

Building an integral metatheory of management

The increasing fragmentation of organization theory seems not to be responding to the challenges and complexities of organizations and society. This article contends that integral theory can make an important contribution to our discipline and presents a metatheory that integrates all previous organizational knowledge in an integral, balanced and non-marginalizing framework. Using metatriangulation techniques it reviews management and organization theories, classifies them according to their underlying paradigms and integrates them in a new metatheory. The resulting theory called “3D Management” maintains that there are 3 basic and irreducible dimensions of management: science, arts and ethics which refer respectively to the techno-economical, the aesthetic-emotional and the moral aspects of organizational reality. The fourth management dimension, the spiritual dimension, integrates the Big Three in an essential unit and strives for unity and meaning. An assessment of the theory and a concluding discussion of its contributions and potential applications is provided.     

Social and economic leader–member exchange and employee creative behavior: The role of employee willingness to take risks and emotional carrying capacity

In the current study we explore the relational aspect of leadership for stimulating employee creative behavior. Drawing on leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, we propose that the association between two distinct types of leader-member exchange relationships (social [SLMX] and economic [ELMX]) and creative behavior is mediated by employee willingness to take risks and moderated by emotional carrying capacity. Based on two-wave data from a sample of 147 employees, we surprisingly find only marginal support for the association between SLMX and creative behavior, and, as expected, we find no support for the association between ELMX and creative behavior. We do find evidence of the full mediation of willingness to take risks in these two associations. Furthermore, we also find a positively significant interaction of SLMX with emotional carrying capacity (ECC), but no support for the interaction of ELMX with ECC in predicting employee creative behavior. We contribute to a deeper view of understanding the leadership of employee creativity as a relational process, contingent upon both employee characteristics as well as the nature of leader-member exchange.     

New job – new ideas: the relationship between tenure and perceived creative climate

Human resource development (HRD) practices are intertwined with organizational creative climate (CC). Understanding the factors that influence CC is important since CC influences not only employees' possibilities to share and develop ideas, but also potentially employees' decision to leave their current organization. This study focuses on how perceptions of CC is related to tenure in organizations by analysing perceived CC in a random sample of unionized Swedish white-collar workers (n = 1303). It finds tenure to be negatively related to perceived CC for the first few years of employment. The level of knowledge required for a position does not moderate this relationship, but more knowledge-intensive work in itself tends to be associated with higher levels of perceived CC. Implications for HRD are discussed.     

Strategic thinking—Dealing with uncertainty

Frameworks for strategic planning provide questions, but the answers depend on executives' strategic thinking. Three methods of strategic thinking are delineated. Assessment involves classification and modelling of the situation; problem identification and analysis involve goal formulation and strategy design; and synthesis involves inferences about assumptions, dialectical analysis and reframing. The methods provide executives with different ways of dealing with uncertainty. Either problem analysis of synthesis is used when objectives and the appropriate corrective action are certain. Problem identification is used when there is ambiguity about strategic direction, and assessment is a style adapted to ambiguity about both objectives and corrective action.     

Smart cities: implications of urban planning for human resource development

This paper looks at creative or smart city experiments around the world that are aimed at nurturing a creative economy through investment in quality of life which in turn attracts knowledge workers to live and work in smart cities. It highlights the need for and broad nature of human resource/talent development initiatives at the intermediate level, that is regional and city level, as opposed to organizational and national level. Using the literature on economic geography, it provides a useful theoretical framework to cross organizational boundaries and look for factors that influence the decision of knowledge workers in choosing a location to live and work. The implications of urban planning on the theory and practice of human resource development are explored.     

组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响:创新自我效能感的中介作用

如何激发员工的创新行为已成为当前人力资源管理研究者与实践者共同面对的重要课题,本研究尝试从组织创新氛围和创新自我效能感这两个视角来回答这个问题。研究采用问卷调查法,通过对478名在职员工的调查,对组织创新氛围、创新自我效能感和员工创新行为之间的关系进行了分析。研究内容与实证结果包括:首先,实证检验了在中国情境下组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响;其次,在社会认知理论的基础上,实证检验了创新自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响,这是中国情景下的开拓性研究;最后,创造性地将创新自我效能感引入到组织创新氛围与员工创新行为的关系之中,构建并验证了组织创新氛围→创新自我效能感→员工创新行为作用机制模型,打开了组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响机制这一黑箱。这些研究成果不仅为社会认知理论提供了强有力的支持,还为后续研究提供了良好的研究视角和基础,对企业管理实践也具有重要的参考价值。     

Knowledge sharing for innovation performance improvement in micro/SMEs: an insight from the creative sector

Abstract

As economies become more reliant on innovative, knowledge-intensive firms, understanding the interaction between knowledge and improving innovation performance is increasingly important. Although most UK businesses are micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (micro/SMEs), knowledge management research has tended to focus on large companies Knowledge sharing can be critical for innovation performance, especially for smaller players with limited resources. Our study presents an insight from micro/SMEs operating in the highly knowledge-intensive and innovative games/entertainment software development sector. Using a mixed method approach, we investigate knowledge sharing and its contribution to firm innovation performance improvements. Our findings suggest that micro/SMEs are at the forefront of the creative sector precisely because of their smaller size. Our study reveals evidence of knowledge donation but limited evidence of knowledge collection in the knowledge sharing process. We develop a model highlighting the importance of industry context, individual knowledge and organizational size in knowledge sharing for innovation performance.     

品牌危机中网络从众情景表征对危机信息分享行为拉动效应影响研究

网络媒体的广泛使用及其信息碎片化等特征，使得品牌危机出现后用户对危机信息的分享行为存在明显从众效应。为了掌握品牌危机信息分享行为的从众因素及其作用机理，并制定有效的监控防范策略，本文基于拉动效应视角对网络空间中从众情景表征与品牌危机信息分享行为的脉冲响应及边际影响进行研究。以国内发展较为成熟的新浪微博作为网络平台研究样本，选取了2010年至2019年间所发生的具有较大影响力的66个涵盖食品、药品等七个行业品牌的危机事件作为品牌危机信息来源，运用官方API及网络爬虫法进行数据采集，获得关于转发总数、评论总数及转发量和评论量维度上的有效数据376492组。采用向量自回归(VAR)及状态空间模型(Sspace)对从众情景表征与品牌危机信息分享行为之间脉冲响应及边际影响进行分析。研究发现：(1)网络空间中从众情景表征与信息分享行为存在的显著正向因果关系；(2)从众情景表征对评论行为较之对转发行为的滞后影响更为明显，但对转发行为的滞后性较长，即存在长尾效应；(3)信息转发总数较之于评论总数对用户的转发行为的影响力更大，信息评论总数较之于转发总数对用户的评论行为的影响力更大，即用户对同类行为的从众具有同类效应；(4)不同领域间及不同年份间的品牌危机信息分享行为的情景从众效应存在结构性差异。通过模型建构与分析，表明品牌危机中网络从众情景表征对危机信息分享行为具有长尾波动效应，这可为网络用户从众行为的判别、分类及应对提供理论基础，从而防范从众情景表征促进转发及评论分享行为而导致危机信息的迅速扩散和舆情风险形成。     

Freeing organizational behavior from inhibitory constraints

Many organizational policies and practices are based on the view that people's behavior needs to be inhibited to protect against their selfish basic nature. Indeed, a fundamental assumption of theories ranging from social exchange to economic models of organizational behavior is that individuals are primarily oriented to gain good outcomes for themselves. This chapter describes a program of research that raises serious questions about these ideas by showing that disinhibition—prompted by reminding people of times when they behaved without worrying about what others thought—can often lead to more helping behavior, decisions for the greater good in response to dilemma problems, and greater rejection of self-advantageous unfairness. These findings suggest that most people are fundamentally pro-social, interested in securing good outcomes for both themselves and others. This pro-social attitude manifests itself more readily in actual behavior and attitudes when the person in question is freed from some of his or her inhibition. These findings have implications for how one might enhance the full potential of employees in organizations, stimulate helping and creative behavior in teams, improve decision making in organizations, and how we should understand reactions to organizational change.     

Ideas are Born in Fields of Play: Towards a Theory of Play and Creativity in Organizational Settings

Play is manifested in organizational behavior as a form of engagement with work tasks and as a form of diversion from them. In this paper we examine both manifestations of play as sources of creativity. We argue that when play is a form of engagement with an individual's organizational tasks it facilitates the cognitive, affective, and motivational dimensions of the creative process, while when play is a form of diversion from an individual's organizational tasks it fosters the peripheral social-relational dynamics that encourage creativity in the first place. We explore the personal and contextual conditions that influence the two manifestations of play and the relative balance between them in a work context. Drawing on our analysis and the extant creativity literature, we conceptualize play as the cradle of creativity in organizations. We suggest that by temporarily suspending ordinary conventions, structural obligations, and functional pressures, and by encouraging behaviors whose value may not be immediately evident, play stimulates, facilitates, and even rehearses creativity. We discuss the practical relevance of play for the nature of work in creative industries and its larger intellectual importance for the study of human behavior in social systems.