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1.
Strategic versus non-strategic voting power in the EU Council of Ministers: the consultation procedure 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article evaluates the distribution of power within the Council of the European Union from the a priori perspective of
constitutional design using two distinct approaches: (1) applying traditional voting power indices; (2) carrying out strategic
equilibrium analysis of the EU’s consultation procedure. It clarifies why both approaches lead to different power indications, and investigates the determinants of the differences’
magnitudes. Depending on one’s assumptions about behavior of the consultation procedure’s agenda setter, the European Commission,
traditional indices turn out to deliver a good approximation also of relative strategic power in the Council. 相似文献
2.
We consider hedonic coalition formation games that are induced by a simple TU-game and a cooperative solution. For such models,
Shenoy’s (Int J Game Theory 8:133–164, 1979) absence of the paradox of smaller coalitions provides a sufficient condition
for core existence. We present three different versions of his condition in order to compare it to the top coalition property
of Banerjee et al. (Social Choice Welfare 18:135–153, 2001) that guarantees nonemptiness of the core in more general models.
As it turns out, the top coalition property implies a condition in which Shenoy’s paradox is not present for at least one
minimal winning coalition. Conversely, if for each non-null player Shenoy’s paradox is not present for at least one minimal
winning coalition containing that player, then the induced hedonic game satisfies the top coalition property. 相似文献
3.
Pierre de Trenqualye 《Social Choice and Welfare》1997,15(1):141-159
We ask in this paper about the effect on social decisions of limiting the size of changes that voters may propose each time
in an otherwise standard dynamic social choice model. The voting rule we study can be seen as an extension of Bowen’s dynamic
“majority voting” rule, and is closely related to the dynamic procedures for public good allocation in the literature (Drèze
and de la Vallée Poussin 1971; Malinvaud 1971; Laffont and Maskin 1983; Chander 1993). Under general assumptions we prove
existence and Pareto efficiency of equilibrium, and show that our rule motivates voters not to misrepresent preferences (more
precisely, the rule is Strongly Locally Individually Incentive Compatible). Under Euclidean preferences we find that electoral
cycles do not arise (i.e., the rule is convergent), that there is a unique equilibrium, and that the equilibrium coincides
with the solution to an old problem of geometry, first addressed by Fermat, Torricelli, and Cavallieri.
Received: 20 September 1994/Accepted: 6 August 1996 相似文献
4.
Endogenous Voting Agendas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John Duggan 《Social Choice and Welfare》2006,27(3):495-530
Existence of a “simple” pure strategy subgame perfect equilibrium is established in a model of endogenous agenda formation and sophisticated voting; upper hemicontinuity of simple equilibrium outcomes is demonstrated; and connections to the set of undominated, or “core,” alternatives are examined. In one dimension with single-peaked preferences, the simple equilibrium outcome is essentially unique and lies in the core, providing a game-theoretic foundation for the median voter theorem in terms of endogenous agenda setting. Existence of equilibrium relies on a general characterization of sophisticated voting outcomes in the presence of “majority-ties,” rather than the standard tie-breaking convention in voting subgames in favor of the alternative proposed later. The model is illustrated in a three-agent distributive politics setting, and it is shown there that the standard tie-breaking convention leads to non-existence of equilibrium. 相似文献
5.
According to Coleman’s index of collective power, a decision rule that generates a larger number of winning coalitions imparts
the collectivity a higher a priori power to act. By the virtue of the monotonicity conditions, a decision rule is totally
characterized by the set of minimal winning coalitions. In this paper, we investigate the structure of the families of minimal
winning coalitions corresponding to maximal and proper simple voting games (SVG). We show that if the proper and maximal SVG
is swap robust and all the minimal winning coalitions are of the same size, then the SVG is a specific (up to an isomorphism)
system. We also provide examples of proper SVGs to show that the number of winning coalitions is not monotone with respect
to the intuitively appealing system parameters like the number of blockers, number of non-dummies or the size of the minimal
blocking set. 相似文献
6.
Bernard S. Phillips 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(2):138-151
Gouldner’s call for a “reflexive sociology” in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism’s
begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come. In attempting to clarify and reconstruct Gouldner’s
idea, I begin with his concepts “background assumptions” and “domain assumptions,” linking them with Kubn’s ideas. Employing
levels of abstraction to approach Gouldner’s material systematically, I proceed to develop and illustrate two contrasting
background assumptions or world hypotheses: “stratification” and “interaction.” Finally, I examine some methodological implications
of these world views, centering on defining problems, ratio scales and images of measurement, sampling and multivariate-analysis
procedures.
Introduced to sociology by C. Wright Mills, Bernard Phillips studied with Robin N. Williams, Jr. and taught at the University
of North Carolina and the University of Illinois (where he overlapped with Alvin W. Gouldner for a year) before coming to
Boston University. A cofounder of the ASA section, Sociological Practice, Phillips’ interests are in Societal Change, Theory
and Methods. 相似文献
7.
Thomas Welch Gillespie Stephanie Pincetl Shea Brossard Jenny Smith Sassan Saatchi Diane Pataki Jean-Daniel Saphores 《Urban Ecosystems》2012,15(1):233-246
There has been an increasing interest in the evolution of urban forests. This research uses historic and digital aerial photography
to quantify changes in tree density in Los Angeles, California since the 1920’s. High-resolution geographic information system
analysis (4 to 6 time periods) of three regions (San Fernando Valley, Hollywood, Los Angeles Basin) of Los Angeles reveals
that there has not always been an increase in tree density with time. Tree densities on public and private land were highest
in the 1940’s in Hollywood, while the San Fernando Valley and Los Angeles Basin experienced a near linear increase in tree
density on both private and public land since the 1920’s. When historic tree density reconstructions were examined for the
15 Los Angeles city council districts from the 1920’s, 1950’s and 2006, most districts in Los Angeles have experienced a significant
increase in tree density, however, there has been wide variation in tree densities among city council districts. Trees densities
have generally been higher on private land since the 1920’s and currently tree densities on private land are significantly
higher than on public land. Results suggest the evolution of urban forests in Los Angeles mirrors the dynamics of urban forests
in desert and grassland cities. It is possible to reconstruct the development of urban forests in sections of cities using
historic and contemporary aerial photography. We estimated that Los Angeles averages approximately 104 trees per hectare (82
private land, 22 public land) based on 2006 imagery at 0.3 m resolution, however, field validation suggests that we identified
only 73% of trees. Although there is still space to plant trees on public land, private land owners will need to be heavily
involved in order to achieve the goals of Los Angeles’ Million Tree Initiative. 相似文献
8.
Michaël Bonnal 《Journal of Labor Research》2010,31(1):53-66
I investigate the role of labor standards in international trade. While the literature has used many different measures of
labor standards, I use two: the rate of work injuries and the rate of strikes and lockouts — allowing me to construct both measures for 112 countries from 1980 until 2004. This allows dynamic panel data methods to
be used in estimation. Three measures of the quality of institutions are also used for the same period: the number of years
the chief executive is in office, the concentration of a country’s legislature measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index,
and whether the legislature is controlled by a party representing a special interest. The results show that countries with
better labor standards and institutions do trade more — their exports to GDP ratio is higher. 相似文献
9.
Hervé Crès 《Social Choice and Welfare》2006,27(2):377-406
A simple parametric general equilibrium model with S states of nature and K < S firms is considered. Since markets are incomplete, at a (financial) equilibrium shareholders typically disagree on whether to keep or not the status quo production plans. Hence each firm faces a genuine problem of social choice. The setup proposed in the present paper allows to study these problems within a classical (Downsian) spatial voting model. Given the multidimensional nature of the latter, super majority rules with rate
are needed to guarantee existence of politically stable production plans. A simple geometric argument is proposed showing why a 50%-majority stable production equilibrium exists when K=S−1. When the degree of incompleteness is more severe, under more restrictive assumptions on agents’ preferences and the distribution of agents’ types, equilibria are shown to exist for rates ρ smaller than Caplin and Nalebuff (Econometrica 59: 1–23, 1991) bound of 0.64: they obtain for production plans whose span contains the ‘ideal securities’ of all K mean shareholders.Hervé Crès is a member of the GREGHEC, unité CNRS, UMR 2959. 相似文献
10.
In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the importance of formal measures of voting power and of the relevance
of such measures to real life political issues. Nevertheless, existing measures have been criticized, especially because of
their dependence on the unrealistic assumption that different coalitions have equal probabilities. In this paper we show that
the classical problem of measuring voting power can be naturally embedded in information theory. This perspective on voting
power allows us to extend measures of voting power to cases in which there are dependencies among voters. In doing so, we
distinguish between two different notions of a given voter’s power—‘control’ and ‘informativeness’—corresponding, respectively,
to the average uncertainty regarding the outcome of a vote that remains when all others have voted and the average uncertainty
that is eliminated when only the given voter has voted. This distinction settles a number of well-known paradoxes and enables
the study of voting power on the basis of actual political behavior at all levels. 相似文献
11.
Theoretical models of government formation in political science usually assume that the head of state is non-strategic. In
this paper, we analyze the power of an agenda setter who chooses the order in which players are recognized to form coalitions
in simple games. We characterize those sets of players which can be imposed in the equilibrium coalition and show that the
only decisive structures where the agenda setter can impose the presence of any minimal winning coalition are apex games,
where a large player forms a winning coalition with any of the small players. Keywords: Government Formation, Agenda Control, Coalitional Bargaining, Finite Bargaining Rules.
Received: 26 January 2001/Accepted: 31 July 2001 相似文献
12.
Public sociology is an attempt to redress the issues of public engagement and disciplinary identity that have beset the discipline
over the past several decades. While public sociology seeks to rectify the public invisibility of sociology, this paper investigates
the limitations of it program. Several points of critique are offered. First, public sociology's affiliations with Marxism
serve to potentially entrench existing divisions within the discipline. Second, public sociology's advancement of an agenda
geared toward a “sociology for publics” instead of a “sociology of publics” imposes limitations on the development of a public interface. Third, the lack of a methodological agenda for public
sociology raises concerns of how sociology can compete within a contested climate of public opinion. Fourth, issues of disciplinary
coherence are not necessarily resolved by public sociology, and are potentially exacerbated by the invocation of public sociology
as a new disciplinary identity. Fifth, the incoherence of professional sociology is obviated, and a misleading affiliation
is made between scientific knowledge and the hegemonic structure of the profession. Finally, the idealism of public sociology's
putative defense of civil society is explored as a Utopian gesture akin to that of Habermas’ attempt to revive the public
sphere. The development of a strong program in professional sociology is briefly offered as a means to repair the disciplinary
problems that are illustrated by emergence of the project of public sociology. 相似文献
13.
Samuel Estreicher 《Journal of Labor Research》2006,27(4):505-511
In September 2005, six unions representing 5.4 million workers held their founding convention as a new federation independent
of the AFL-CIO. Infelicitously named “Change to Win Federation” (CTWF), the new alliance has called for a rededication of
union resources and energies towards organizing the unorganized. Although CTWF has occasioned considerable interest and speculation
among labor supporters and observers, it is difficult to determine why the break occurred, other than, perhaps, the personal
agenda of some of its leaders. An unstated, significant reason may be a desire on the rebels’ part to operate relatively free
of “noraiding” strictures of the AFL-CIO, even though the group disclaims any interest in challenging existing bargaining
relationships and has penned “solidarity pacts” with some of its principal AFL-CIO competitors and with state and local units
of the federation. Competitive forces are missing in the market for workplace representation services. The new group may reignite
the rival unionism that spurred organized labor’s marked growth from 1935–1954, but early returns suggest an emphasis on militant
posturing and on trendy, implausible themes such as “global unionism” and “subcontracting out strikes.” 相似文献
14.
Matthew W. Finkin 《Journal of Labor Research》2005,26(4):711-723
Bruce Kobayashi and Larry Ribstein apply the “theory of the firm” to worker privacy with specific application to the employer’s
ability to monitor employee performance and behavior. They take the theory to drive toward a much reduced role for law in
favor of regulation by contract. This essay unpacks their theory. It faults the theory for its failure to come to grips with
the possibility of monopsony in the labor market, its failure to appreciate the “public goods” nature of privacy policies
and the related assumption that the employer’s ability to adopt and apply privacyinvasive policies is invariably a product
of a consensual armslength bargain.
This essay is revised and expanded from the author’s Introduction to the 2003 Supplement to Matthew Finkin, Privacy in Employment Law (2d ed. 2003) 2003 Supplement. 相似文献
15.
The effectiveness of NATO conditionality for institutional reforms is highly controversial. Some papers argue that any effect
this conditionality might have had may be due to endogeneity effects, i.e. NATO may have picked the winners. We argue that
this is not the case. First, NATO-Mazedonia relations provide a case in point. Macedonia was granted entry into the Membership
Action Plan (MAP) in 1999 due to country’s strategic importance. Only after the Ohrid agreement, effective conditionality
set in and marked a switch in NATO strategy from security only towards institution building. Second, this is supported by
econometric evidence based on panel data. An event study reveals that entry into NATO’s accession process was mainly driven
by neighbourhood and good relations with the West. We conclude that empirical evidence clearly supports a stronger role of
NATO’s political agenda, i.e., low entry barriers but strict accession conditionality. 相似文献
16.
Frédéric Gaspart 《Social Choice and Welfare》1997,15(1):95-112
The concern for measuring well-being objectively (as opposed to subjectively, that is, relying only on preferences) is found
in modern political philosophy, especially in J. Rawls’s, A. Sen’s and G. Cohen’s writings. This paper explains the implications
of using an objective well-being index as equalisandum or, close to the so-called “safety net preoccupation”, to guarantee a well-being lower bound. In the simple production model
studied here, five characterization results and two related theorems prove the convergence of both approaches. We come to
the conclusion that the Proportional Solution is the dominant solution according to “objectivist” axioms.
Received: 5 September 1994/Accepted: 29 June 1996 相似文献
17.
As psychoanalysts, we have to be constantly aware of the impact of external reality upon the analytic process, whether this
comes from the world outside the consulting room or from within it. In particular, I am concerned with the disturbing influence
that may come from the analyst’s devotion to new theoretical positions and ways of working. Also we cannot prescribe ‘good
experience’ for any patient. We can only follow the process, and this may require of us that we survive being used by the
patient to represent all that has been worst in the patient’s life. We should never deflect that. 相似文献
18.
Laurie Newman DiPadova a Ph.D. candidate Ralph S. Brower a Ph.D. student 《The American Sociologist》1992,23(3):37-56
This article discussesMax Weber’s Methodology, Lowell L. Bennion’s (1933) published doctoral dissertation from the University of Strasbourg, France. This book is important
because it is the first systematic English language treatment of Weber’s work. It also suggests an early link between Weberian
and Durkheimian scholarship and foreshadows later debates regarding Talcott Parsons’ interpretation of Weber. Additionally
the book provides a unique contribution by applying Weber’s “Calvinism-Capitalism” thesis to the development of Mormonism.
We explore the academic context in which the book was written and its reception by American sociologists at the time. After
summarizing the text, we examine its perspective on the issues later raised about Parsons’ account of Weber. We conclude by
looking at Lowell Bennion as a sociologist and a devout Mormon, and the unique connection that he forged between his religion
and Max Weber’s ideas.
Her field is organizational behavior and theory; her primary area of research is the relationship between organizational hierarchy
and managerial leadership.
He is currently investigating the modes of white collar resistance in public bureaucracies. 相似文献
19.
Voss K 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):368-374
This article assesses Charles Tilly’s Durable Inequality and traces its influence. In writing Durable Inequality, Tilly sought to shift the research agenda of stratification scholars. But the book’s initial impact was disappointing. In
recent years, however, its influence has grown, suggesting a more enduring legacy. 相似文献
20.
Aggregation of binary evaluations for truth-functional agendas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In the problem of judgment aggregation, a panel of judges has to evaluate each proposition in a given agenda as true or false,
based on their individual evaluations and subject to the constraint of logical consistency. We elaborate on the relation between
this and the problem of aggregating abstract binary evaluations. For the special case of truth-functional agendas we have
the following main contributions: (1) a syntactical characterization of agendas for which the analogs of Arrow’s aggregation
conditions force dictatorship; (2) a complete classification of all aggregators that satisfy those conditions; (3) an analysis
of the effect of weakening the Pareto condition to surjectivity.
This is a sequel to the paper “Aggregation of binary evaluations.” The contents of both papers were presented, under the title
“An Arrovian impossibility theorem for social truth functions,” at the Second World Congress of the Game Theory Society, Marseille,
July 2004. The first version of “Aggregation of binary evaluations” was completed in June 2005. That working paper was subsequently
split into two parts, of which this is the second. The comments of an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged. Part
of R. Holzman’s work was done while he was a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 相似文献