甘肃少数民族人口的文化教育水平状况

本文利用第五次人口普查数据 ,对甘肃少数民族人口的文化教育水平从人口的文化结构状况、人口的文化教育水平综合值和民族地区人口的文化教育水平状况等几个方面进行了综合考察 ,指出 ,甘肃少数民族人口的文化教育水平还比较低 ,与全省相比还有相当大的差距 ,提高少数民族人口文化教育水平的任务还相当艰巨。     

贵州少数民族人口增长问题及对策探讨

经济和社会的发展以及生育政策的相对宽松,使得贵州少数民族人口呈现持续快速增长态势,成为该地区资源、生态环境、教育和经济可持续发展循环链中的薄弱一环,严重影响其他链条的发展。需要正确对待少数民族人口增长的问题,有区别、有步骤地完善人口控制政策,完善少数民族社会保障政策,创新计生工作机制。     

环县六十年人口总量的变动探析

文章通过环县六十年人口发展的五个阶段,论述不同时期人口发展的特点及人口和计划生育工作在其中的作用,分析了人口总量变动的特征,影响人口总量变动的因素。对全县少数民族人口的现状与特点作了分析。     

天津市少数民族流动人口调查研究

少数民族人口流动,是我国城乡二元结构的必然结果,是城市化进程的必然现象。受流出地推力和流入地拉力的双重影响,城市少数民族流动人口呈现出一定的特点,并为城市发展带来正面效应。     

“绝域产生大美”略谈红柯小说与伊斯兰文化

在中国的历史与现实中，少数民族总体上无疑处于相对意义上的边缘文化区，但却葆有更多本真的自然的东西，并且同为少数民族文化也会有相对意义上的强势文化。中国的伊斯兰文化便是这样的强势文化。尤其是在中国大西北，穆斯林人口占全国穆斯林人口的大半，而新疆少数民族信众则绝大     

种族隔离政策及其变革的处理——南非社会工作述评

南非有3700多万人,其中四分之三的人口是非洲大陆的土著居民,13％的人口为白人（都是自1652年到这里的欧洲殖民者的后裔）,亚洲移民人口占2.6％,混血种人也就是被称作“有色人种”的人占8.6％。这些少数民族和南非本地居民并     

加大扶持力度 推进养老进程

乌鲁木齐是新疆的首府,居住着汉、维吾尔、回、哈萨克等48个民族,户籍人口202．4万人,其中少数民族人口约占27％,市区人口占96％。截止2009年底,全市户籍60岁以上老年人口31．84万,占总人口的15．7％,是一个人口老龄化程度较高的城市。近年来,     

西北少数民族教育中的师资问题研究

西北少数民族教育中的师资问题研究①○李定仁李瑾瑜西北地区包括陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆五省区，是我国少数民族聚居的较大区域之一。在全国５５个少数民族中，该区就有４５个。他们分属于１４个民族自治州和２６个民族自治县，人口为１５１２．１７万人，占西北地...     

西北少数民族聚居区产业技术跨越的基本模式和内在根据

作为大国经济,中国一直面临着东强西弱、南富北穷的经济大格局,自改革开放以来,由于众多的原因,使得地区之间发展的不平衡又进一步加剧,而西北少数民族聚居区（少数民族人口占总人口７０％以上）则更是处于区际经济发展梯度中的最低层。加快民族地区经济和社会发展,...     

西北民族地区社会发展与稳定因素的凝聚和强化

西北民族地区社会发展与稳定因素的凝聚和强化刘敏加快发展、维护稳定，是邓小平建设有中国特色社会主义理论的重要组成部分。西北地区共有近５０个民族成份，少数民族人口约占总人口的１７％，占全国少数民族总人口的２０％。总面积为２６２万平方公里，占西北地区的８４...     

Ideology,Diversity, and Imprisonment: Considering the Influence of Local Politics on Racial and Ethnic Minority Incarceration Rates*

Objective. To test the influence of local (county) politics on minority incarceration rates. Methods. Data are collected at the county level in California to create a pooled cross‐sectional data set. OLS regression models predicting black, Hispanic, and white incarceration rates (in state prison) are used in the analysis. Results. Counties' ideological orientations and racial and ethnic contextual characteristics significantly impact minority incarceration rates. Greater ideological conservatism within counties is associated with higher rates (as a proportion of their population) of both black and Hispanic incarceration. Consistent with racial threat theory, results show counties with greater racial and ethnic diversity are more likely to incarcerate blacks and Hispanics. Tests for interaction effects indicate that greater county diversity decreases the punitive effects of ideological conservatism on minority incarceration. Conclusion. Political forces nested within states systematically shape how state government incarceration power is distributed across different racial and ethnic groups.     

Senior Centers

Abstract

This article explores the degree of influence of the racial and linguistic characteristics of staff and the availability of culturally diverse programs on the level of minority elder participation in senior centers. Two hundred twenty senior centers, recreation clubs, nutrition sites, and local Area Agencies of Aging in New York State were surveyed and comprise the study population. The impact of factors such as the racial/ethnic backgrounds of the senior center staff, linguistic abilities of the staff/administrators, and the availability of culturally specific programs on the level of participation among non-Caucasian elderly were evaluated. The study found that increasing the representation of minority staff and diverse programming, increases the level of participation of minority elders in senior centers. These findings provide the framework for recommendations to increase the representation of non-Caucasian staff in senior centers. Doing so will lead to a greater diversity of senior center consumers and allow senior centers to reach out to traditionally under-served populations.     

试论黑龙江省地方文献资源建设

黑龙江是我国的边疆省份 ,又是少数民族较多的省份 ,其地方文献资源的建设与开发 ,对我国的民族研究和东北疆域研究具有重要的参考价值。针对目前这一资源建设整体布局失衡、结构不甚合理、缺少系统性与整合性、采集方式单一、评估体系尚不完善的现状 ,应发挥领导机构的重要作用 ,构建完整的工作体系 ,培养高水平的工作队伍 ,同时 ,应将历史文献、少数民族文献、特种文献作为开发建设的重点     

New trends in national minority population since the 1980s

The author discusses policies that were developed in China in the 1980s specifically for the minority populations, and describes how they differ from the country's general population policies. These differences center on a greater leniency toward fertility among minorities, such as a permitted norm of two children, and, in some cases, three or four children per couple. The author also describes recent demographic trends among the minority populations, with particular reference to falling fertility rates and continuing high general mortality and infant mortality rates. Aspects of the age and sex structure, educational status, and literacy of the minority populations are also reviewed.     

State Felon Disenfranchisement Policy

Objective . Felon disenfranchisement policies impose restrictions on a felon's right to vote. Since these policies disproportionately affect minority citizens, legal scholars and others argue that felon disenfranchisement is a result of racial politics, aimed primarily at undermining the electoral power of black and Latino citizens. This study evaluates these claims in a rigorous empirical analysis. Methods . The study uses cross-sectional data on current state felon disenfranchisement policies in an order probit regression analysis to examine race-based explanations in light of competing hypotheses. Results . The findings demonstrate that the size of the minority population, parity in incarceration rates, and the degree of legislative professionalism are the primary explanatory factors of this policy. Conclusions . Given the continued rise in minority incarceration rates relative to those for whites and the link between the racial composition of a state and the severity of felon disenfranchisement laws, the study raises important questions regarding the future of minority participation in the democratic process.     

How Studies of the Educational Progression of Minority Children Are Affecting Education Policy in Denmark

Over the past decade, the number of ethnic minorities in Denmark has increased rapidly, now accounting for over 8 per cent of the total population. This paper presents results from a number of recent studies regarding the educational choices of minority children from less developed countries. An important social concern is that the educational attainment of these children is much lower than among native Danes. The studies show that that a main reason for the education gap is very high dropout rates from vocational schools among minority children and that inadequate Danish language proficiency of immigrants, parents and their children, is an important reason for the high dropout rates, as are inadequate educational preparedness from grade school and insufficient apprenticeship positions available for minority youth. Socio‐economic background, however, has relatively little effect. Recent policy changes to reduce dropout rates from vocational schools are reviewed and additional policy interventions are proposed.     

A Comparison of Majority-race Children With and Without a Minority-race Friend

Majority‐race (black or white) ¹ elementary school children with and without a minority friend (black or white) in their classroom were compared on measures of social, behavioral, and affective characteristics. Analyses focused on 260 4th through 6th grade students who were racial majorities in their classrooms and had at least one reciprocated friendship in the classroom‐based peer group. Overall, the results were consistent with the scenario that majority children with minority friends are high status, prosocial, and socially satisfied members of the peer group, compared to majority children without a cross‐race friendship, although race and gender differences were observed. In contrast, class‐level characteristics (e.g. class size, the proportion of participating children in each classroom of the majority race, and the number of minority‐race children in the classroom) were not predictive of whether a majority child had a cross‐race friendship or not. Implications for the current status of black– white relations among our youth were discussed.     

The SAT II: Minority/Majority Test‐Score Gaps and What They Could Mean for College Admissions*

Objective. Although most colleges and universities do not currently use SAT II subject tests to make admissions decisions, changing sentiment against aptitude tests could lead to more widespread use of the SAT II. This study examines score gaps on the SAT II between white and minority students. Methods. Using data from the Texas Schools Microdata Panel, I estimate the influence of race/ethnicity on SAT II writing scores after controlling for sample selection. Results. This study shows that although the average white student performs better than the average minority student on the SAT II writing exam, Asian and black students outperform white students when controlling for academic performance, family background, and high school fixed effects, while allowing different returns to characteristics. Conclusions. These score gaps reverse only if the average minority student is given the same characteristics as the average white student. Unequal incomes and educational environments virtually ensure these score gaps will endure well into the future.     

Few and Far Between? An Environmental Equity Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of Hazardous Waste Generation

Objective. This article examines whether the generation of hazardous waste is concentrated in communities that are disproportionately minority or low income. Whereas much environmental equity research has focused on commercial facilities managing hazardous waste, facilities that generate and manage their own wastes—which account for over 98 percent of hazardous waste volume—have been ignored. Methods. The demographic characteristics were determined of people in geographic concentric rings around hazardous waste generators accounting for most of the country's 1997 hazardous waste volume. Results. My analyses indicate no tendency for disproportionately minority communities to be near these facilities. In fact, relatively few people are near where most hazardous waste is generated. Although a few of these facilities have large numbers of minority people around them, most are in areas with higher than average white populations. There was, however, a tendency for low-income communities to be near these facilities. Conclusions. To the extent that there are potential risks from the presence of hazardous waste at facilities, most of this risk is in relatively unpopulated areas. The presence of hazardous waste is not concentrated in areas that are disproportionately minority or low income.     

Fertility control: values,beliefs, and behaviors

The author hypothesizes that any group that is isolated from participation in social, economic, and political affairs is likely to be characterized by a high degree of apathy, fatalism and hopelessness. Even more deleterious to understanding "out groups" is the fairly widespread habit of judging a minority group by the actions of a minority of the minority. Certain vital statistics of the white and the Negro races are discussed. (These include income, education, illegitimacy, etc.). The author contends that one of the unfortunate aspects of many studies dealing with the communication between the husband and the wife, is the fact that personal characteristics are emphasized rather than an understanding of the social situation in which the poor live.