中国民间组织发展与党的执政方式研究

从国家与社会关系视角研究党的执政方式,具有重要理论意义和现实意义。在党、国家与社会的互动关系中,民间组织的社会政治参与扩大化、价值预期多样化、群体利益集团化、运行监管无序化对党的传统执政方式提出了严峻挑战,也为创新党的执政方式提供了难得机遇。适应中国民间组织的发展,创新党的执政方式要从理论和实践上研究和探索解决三个问题。     

市场化、民间组织与公共治理

20世纪90年代以来,中国社会发生了深刻变化,其中一个重要表现就是民间组织的崛起。目前中国的民间组织可分为垄断性民间组织、垄断—自治性民间组织和自治性民间组织。从性格上看,民间组织具有依附性、等级制、参与性、次公共性、自治性和间接性。从治理功能上看,民间组织具有执行、合作、制约、置换等功能,由于民间组织与政府的关系不同,因此其治理功能也存在一定的差别。为发挥民间组织在治理中的积极作用,政府应该在民间组织的发展、自主性、民间性等方面采取一些必要措施。     

不同发展路径民间组织与政府的关系探析

首先基于不同发展路径,将中国民间组织分为自上而下的民间组织、自下而上的民间组织和由外而内的在华国际民间组织。然后分析了政府与这三类民间组织的不同关系特征。最后提出了政府促进这三种不同发展路径民间组织发展的政策建议。     

和谐社会的建构与民间组织的功能——南通市民间组织发展现状实证调查

民间组织在构建和谐社会中的功能是当前理论界探讨的热点问题。本文以实证调查为客观依据,主要从社会学的视角,选取南通市慈善会、银行业协会、港闸区葡萄协会以及开发区实验幼儿园这四个典型个案予以探析。文中提出了民间组织能够为社会成员提供归属感,缓解社会冲突、实现社会整合,凝聚社会资本、实现资源的优化配置这三个核心观点,以期推动民间组织的发展与和谐社会的构建。     

不同发展路径民间组织与政府的关系探析

首先基于不同发展路径,将中国民间组织分为自上而下的民间组织、自下而上的民间组织和由外而内的在华国际民间组织.然后分析了政府与这三类民间组织的不同关系特征.最后提出了政府促进这三种不同发展路径民间组织发展的政策建议.     

中国民间组织的兴起对政治发展的推动作用

民间组织的发展和壮大对中国政治发展进程必然产生一定的推动作用。民间组织的发展必然促进公民社会的发展,有利于国家权力向社会的转移;民间组织的发展可以促进政府职能转变和政府机构改革;民间组织是公民获得民主经验的重要途径之一;民间组织的发展有利于培育积极健康的政治文化。     

《资本论》及其当代制度价值 ——基于中国经济制度改革和发展的视角

《资本论》是马克思创作的政治经济学著作,对各国经济制度的制定起到了非常重要的作用。在此背景下,为促进中国经济更好发展,基于中国经济制度改革和发展的视角研究《资本论》及其当代制度价值。研究分为三部分:第一部分研究《资本论》及其当代制度价值中的理论基础,包括核心建设理论、发展改革理论以及创新理论,为新中国成立后的制度建设、改革、发展等成就奠定基础。第二部分分析我国经济制度建设、改革与发展的合理性与优越性,即《资本论》指导下,中国经济制度改革和发展后对社会各方面的影响,包括提高国民生活水平、促进国家经济增长、增强国家经济实力等三方面。第三部分从中国经济制度改革和发展的视角论述《资本论》及其当代制度的价值。通过上述研究,《资本论》在当代同样为中国经济制度改革和发展提供指导和方向,使之中国经济制度更加完善和科学。     

金融地理学视角下的区域金融创新需求与供给研究

强调区域制度因素、社会资本、文化等在金融发展中的作用的金融地理学可为区域金融创新研究提供新的视角和方法。我国各地区经济、文化、历史和制度差异决定了金融创新的供给和需求,金融创新的扩散效应具有明显的区域性。因此,以区域同质性为假设前提的金融创新供给政策和扩散措施在不同地区会有不同的效果,应结合各地区的金融地理特点,研究制定有针对性的金融创新政策,促进区域金融合作创新。     

民间组织党建工作问题研究：以广州为例

作为参与和谐社会建设的主体,民间组织进一步发展已经成为不可逆转的趋势。中国民间组织发展所引发的国家、社会与执政党的关系变动,对传统党建模式和思路提出了改革创新的新要求。以广州民间组织发展及其党建工作为实证材料,研究民间组织党建工作的必要性、现实性和有效性问题,在探索加强民间组织党建工作整体思路中具有典型意义。     

日本的老年人社会福利事业

日本作为发达国家,在经济基础和上层建筑上与中国有着明显的差异,但是由于历史的渊源,中日两国在民族习惯、文化传统等方面有着许多共同之处,因此,与其他发达国家相比,日本的经验与教训更容易为中国的实际工作者所接受。日本的老年社会福利制度是在其独特的政治、经济和文化背景基础上建立起来的,从发展到完善经历了一个曲折的过程,目前,这个制度正在充分地发挥着保障老年人合法权益和促进经济与社会协调发展的作用。日本老年社会福利事业发展的历史经历了三个转变,首先是由以部分特困老人为保障对象的救济型福利制度向以全体老年人为保障对象的现代制度型福利模式的转变,其次是由国家全面承担保障责任向国家、地方政府、民间组织和个人共同承担方式的转变,最后是由单纯依靠大型老年社会机构满足老年人的福利服务需求向以多种福利机构为主体、以居家服务为基础的服务方式的转变。这三个转变对该制度的成功建立和运转起到了至关重要的作用,同时,也为我们研究和思考中国老年社会福利事业发展取向提供了一个极具借鉴价值的参照系。     

What drives unconventional political participation? A two level study

There is little evidence on the factors that drive peaceful unconventional political participation. This study evaluates the impact of seven individual level constituents – age, income, education, gender, satisfaction with the government, engagement in civil society organizations and voting – as well as five macro-level factors – economic development, democratic experience, income inequalities, a country's regime type and federalism – on citizens’ participation in boycotts, demonstrations and petition signing activities. Participation in all three protest activities hinges on education, voting, participation in civil society organizations, and lack of satisfaction with the government. Moreover, the influence of some macro-factors, such as democratic experience and economic development, and micro-level factors, such as gender differs between the three forms of political engagement.     

Elite Interlocks in Three U.S. Sectors: Nonprofit, Corporate, and Government

This study traces elite interlocks between the economic, political, and civil sectors of the United States in the late 1990s. We assess integration and fragmentation through analyzing patterns of overlap and interaction among influential organizations and leaders in these sectors. Network analyses are conducted with UCINET 5 on the Elite Directors Database, a new data set composed of the directors/trustees for the largest organizations in the business and nonprofit sectors in addition to individuals holding positions on federal advisory committees. The complete data set contains individuals holding 3,976 seats from 100 businesses, 109 nonprofit organizations, and 98 government committees. The network structure reveals substantial linkages between organizations and elites within and across the three sectors. Major corporations and their directors are the best integrated in the intersectoral networks. In spite of the tremendous growth of the nonprofit sector, nonprofit organization linkages fail to offer compelling evidence of elite pluralism in the United States.     

北京市体育社会组织发展研究

通过分析北京市体育社会组织发展现状,认为北京市体育社会组织数量相对不足,滞后于当地经济社会发展;在成立方式上,"官办模式"依然占据合法社会组织的主流;在管理机制上,限制约束机制强于扶持培育机制;体育社会组织发展同时存在资金、人才、场地等因素的制约。建议完善培育措施、营造宽松政策环境、改变管理思想与模式。     

中国农村市民社会发展的路径选择

中国农村社会传统上是乡土社会,但是在当代中国社会变迁的历史进程中,它已经展现出向现代市民社会转型的必然趋势。本文结合农村社会发展的现实状况,运用市民社会理论从社会自治、政府职能和法治秩序三个方面分析了中国农村市民社会发育、发展的道路。     

Women,Welfare and Civil Society Organizations: Creating an Alternative Women's Welfare Sphere in Israel

This article examines the phenomenon of Israeli civil society organizations (CSOs) providing services to women as part of the creation of an alternative women's welfare sphere in Israel in recent years, and its influence upon the welfare state and women. The creation and the existence of the women's civil society sphere can be seen as part of a move by the Israeli welfare state towards a liberal‐style economic regime. The article examines the services and mode of operation of fourteen organizations offering welfare, health and educational services to women in Israel, using a qualitative research method. The study identifies four traits characterizing these organizations: their loose connections with the welfare state, the use of sectoral and selective criteria determining eligibility for their services, the mirroring of internal dynamics of the community and its response to gender issues, and the CSOs' holistic, sporadic and unprofessional services. The analysis highlights the gender dimensions of civil society organizations, the characteristics of structure and content of the services they offer, and the role and place of civil society organizations operating parallel to the welfare state. It sheds light on the complex nature of this sphere and its services, which contribute to the empowerment and improvement of women's lives but, simultaneously, strengthen and reinforce their exclusion and marginalization.     

社会管理创新视阈下民办社会工作服务机构发展的意义与路径

社会变迁与社会转型整体上迅速推进了我国政治、经济、社会、文化的发展进程,而随之出现的社会问题和社会矛盾,给我国社会发展带来了诸多困境与挑战,社会工作也由此迎来了发展机遇。本文立足当前社会转型与变迁的现实,分析民办社工服务组织的现状,探索了社会管理视阈下,我国民办社会工作机构的发展路径,以期为实现社会管理创新战略目标,推进和谐社会建设进程提供参考。     

Civil society in Canada: A case study of rural and urban planning contexts

This paper explores the political concept of civil society and its emergence in multi-level rural and urban planning contexts. The first section conceptualizes civil society in the broader context within which it develops and we discuss global civil society to establish the need for a more local and regional focus. We then present considerations for assessing civil society and outline the research approach. The second section presents two case examples: (1) rural civil society in British Columbia, Canada focusing on the socio-political environment that enabled a shift away from conventional top-down, state-led forest management to devolved local control, and; (2) urban civil society in Waterloo Region, Ontario, which illustrates the response of local organizations to the wider socio-economic problems of housing provision in the Region. In both rural and urban contexts, there was longstanding tacit local support for each cause but significant triggers were needed to open policy windows and enable civil society organizations to help shift management ideologies in the forestry and housing sectors. Empowering civil actors through, for example, the devolution of decision making and responsibilities, and the redistribution of resources, helped to foster forms of legitimacy needed for emerging local and regional civil society organizations and networks.     

完善北京市就业服务组织的发展对策

本文从北京市就业服务组织的当前状况出发,以对就业服务组织目前所存在的问题分析为基础,从宏观体制和微观运行两个层面探讨了完善北京市就业服务组织的发展对策。     

Reflections on September 11: Lessons From Four Psychological Perspectives

Several of the major theoretical perspectives within psychology can contribute to our understanding of the September 11 attacks and their aftermath. An argument derived from the psychodynamic approach suggests that terrorism may be a product of ambivalence rather than anger. From an evolutionary standpoint, the resentment that breeds terrorism, and the altruism that has arisen in its wake, may be seen as two sides of the same coin. The decision theoretic approach suggests that in the attempt to prevent future terrorist attacks, we face a seeming tradeoff between civil rights and civil liberties. Finally, the personality development approach suggests that difficult times can help forge new moral leaders.