试析法制、法治、人治的关系

本文论述了法制、法治、人治的含义,法制与法治的关系及法治与人治的关系,指出了加强社会主义法律制度建设的重要性。     

把握宪法价值，推进政治文明－－纪念我国现行宪法颁布20周年

党的十六大报告指出 ,发展社会主义民主政治 ,建设社会主义政治文明 ,是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。政治文明的不断发展、进步 ,就是对人的价值的不断发现、不断尊重的过程 ,是对政治权力及其资源的合理分配、控制与整合的过程。也就是说 ,政治文明的核心内容其实就是民主与法制建设。政治文明是否进步的主要标志在于公民是否享有广泛的权利和自由 ,特别体现在公民享有政治权利的广度和深度上。现代政治文明的基本表现形式是宪政文明和法治文明 ,以宪法推动法治社会的形成     

生态化:民族地区生态文明融入政治文明建设的实现路径

民族地区是我国重要的生态屏障区和生态功能区,也是生态问题凸显区.政治文明是生态文明建设的制度保障,有助于实现生态治理能力和体系的现代化.民族地区生态文明的稳步推进,必须以政治文明的生态化发展为制度保障.政治文明的生态化发展主要围绕党的领导、依法治国和人民民主等三个方面展开,核心是党的领导方式生态化,主体是法治体系生态化,基础是民主建设生态化.党的领导方式的生态化就是要将生态文明理念融入政治、思想和组织领导方式,生成政治意识文明.法治体系生态化目标是推进政治制度文明建设,主要包括综合性的生态立法、协同性的生态执法和强效的生态司法.民主建设生态化的中心是公众生态参与.     

关于西部农民基本法律意识结构的调查分析--以西宁市y村为例

分析西部农民的法律意识结构,对西部社会政治文明的建设具有基础意义。文章通过对西宁y村的典型实证分析,认为西部农民法律信仰的生成理应根植于法律的生活化积淀,因此要逐渐改变农民是法治社会的边缘人的传统,将他们推至法律生活的前台,以培养法治实现所必须的最深厚的民众基础。     

毛泽东的民主追求与中国政治文明建设

民主政治是政治文明的核心.毛泽东一生孜孜追求民主说明其对社会主义政治文明建设进行了开拓性的探索,是社会主义政治文明建设的开创者.他倡导和争取"人民民主",唤醒人们的民主意识,推动民主运动的兴起,促进了中国政治文明建设大发展;他晚年喜好和极力推行"大民主",使社会主义民主建设遭到严重破坏,从而导致政治文明建设停滞和大倒退.     

民族区域自治地方法律变通的价值蕴涵

民族自治地方可以依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化特点,对法律和行政法规的规定作出变通规定,变通立法是民族自治地方自治权的重要表现形式。法律变通是对少数民族人权的特殊保护,是民族平等权的有效保障。法律变通能够巩固民族认同基础上的国家认同,有效推动政治发展,促进政治文明和法治建设,实现差异性的统一,促进社会和谐。     

关于"以德治国"的理性思考

以德治国作为一种治国方略,意义重大.以德治国并不是对法治的否定或者轻视,也不是走向人治,而是主张法治与德治并举,在批判地继承古代德治的基础上,抓住重点,切实深入地在各领域加强社会主义道德建设,充分发挥社会主义道德建设在治理国家中的作用.     

国家治理现代化视域下的宗教事务治理:涵义、基本模式与现代化路径

宗教既具有政治意识形态特征,也具有一定的社会文化特性。政治意识形态特征体现宗教的政治性,社会文化特性体现了宗教的社会性。从政教关系维度的政教分离与政教合一以及国家治理方式维度的人治与法治两大类别,将宗教事务治理模式进行2×2矩阵划分为四种基本模式：君权神授型、神权法治型、君权天授型与现代法治型。依据这一理想类型划分,结合历史与现实,初步勾勒了宗教事务治理模式演化的基本路径。推动和实现宗教治理现代化,应坚持推进宗教治理的世俗化导向与治理方式的法治化。     

当代藏传佛教的中国化发展

伴随着新中国的成立和当代中国的历史发展,藏传佛教生存和发展的社会条件、政治条件以及自身矛盾性质等,发生了深刻的变化并有了很大进步。当代中国的政治文明、中华文化的优良传统,推动了藏传佛教中国化的全面发展。通过观念认同、制度适应、生活融合等途径,当代藏传佛教在信仰层面、制度层面和生活层面进一步融合当代中国进步思想和中华文化观念,不断提升中国化水平。体现人民主体性思想,实现信仰清净化;贯彻宗教信仰自由政策,形成信仰自由局面;贯彻教派平等思想,实现教派和谐化;贯彻全面依法治国理念,形成依法治教格局;吸收当代人民民主思想,形成寺庙民主管理体制;借鉴现代生活方式,实现寺院生活社会化、现代化,标志着当代藏传佛教的中国化水平得到全面提升。     

论民主党派推进中国法治的方式

对民主党派及其制度的思考,是一个有别于西方政党研究的中国问题。民主党派推进中国法治的方式包括三个方面。以参与立法,表达并整合利益的方式,完善社会主义法律体系;以自觉守法,积极执行法律的方式,实现社会的公平正义;以相互监督,开展平等对话的方式,维护法治统一。     

民族区域自治制度与社会和谐

社会和谐是人类孜孜以求的目标。在深厚的文明积淀与马克思主义的基础上 ,中国人在追求社会和谐的道路上奏出了鲜活的乐章。对于多民族的中国来说 ,民族团结是社会和谐的重要组成部分。此命题包含两个方面的内容 :一是处理民族问题的社会目标 ,即中国政府希望达到一种怎样的多民族共处模式 ;二是处理民族问题的政策 ,即采用何种手段去达到这一目标。不同时代、地区的政府采用各异的政策来处理民族问题。中国共产党创造性地用民族区域自治制度去达到民族和谐的社会目标 ,已经取得了巨大的成绩。本文将从民族区域自治制度的政治理念、民族区域自治制度与中国多元民族社会的切合以及民族区域自治制度的实施效果来论述其对于社会和谐的贡献     

民族法制建设现代化问题探析

民族法制建设现代化是我国法制现代化的重要组成部分。随着我国法制现代化进程的加快,如何推动和促进民族法制建设现代化的发展已成为我国法制建设的一个重要课题。本文在分析民族法制建设现代化的要素结构和主要障碍的基础上,提出了实现民族法制建设现代化的途径与措施。     

社会主义政治文明与民族区域自治

本文论述了社会主义政治文明与民族区域的关系 ,认为民族区域自治是中国共产党人的政治创举 ,是社会主义政治文明的重要组成部分 ,是我国的重要政治优势 ,在实行民族区域自治的政治实践中 ,要坚持落实自治依法治国。     

十六国时期少数民族政权法制的历史影响

十六国时期少数民族所建政权的法律制度多循魏晋,但当时一些有为君主为了适应特殊情势的需要,在取舍中原汉制的基础上,又制定了一些新的法律制度,在行政、刑事、民事、经济、婚姻、司法等制度方面均有所建树,从而使十六国时期的法制在中华法制文明发展史上留下了自己的身影。     

政治稳定与社会发展

政治稳定是社会发展的前提,在我国社会主义现代化建设过程中,还存在着一些潜在的不稳定因素。因此,必须以邓小平理论为指导,正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系,坚持共同富裕的原则,健全社会主义法制,坚持“两手抓”的方针,以促进我国社会持续、快速、健康发展。     

略论民族地区政治文明建设

民族地区的政治文明建设是民族地区全面建设小康社会的重要内容。民族地区政治文明建设主要包括:坚持和完善中国共产党的领导,坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,贯彻和落实依法治国的方针,建设先进的政治文化。只有在民族地区全面建设小康社会的进程中,才能完善民族地区的政治文明。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

文化建设的四重路向与中华民族凝聚力

文化建设既要坚持民族立场,又要有全球视野;既要加强主流文化的建构,又要注重大众文明的建设;既要传承传统社会的道德精神,又要注重法理社会契约精神的培育;既要提高公民的基本素养,还要培养公民的现代意识。中华民族凝聚力在文化建设四重路向的影响下,具有合理的开放性、不同的凝聚层次以及适应时代发展的价值取向与新型主体。     

论西部大开发中的民族法制建设

本文分析了西部大开发中民族法制建设的必要性、原则 ,提出了加强民族法制建设的几个方面。作者认为 ,必须重视和加强西部大开发中的民族法制建设 ,特别要加强少数民族政治权利、少数民族文化、少数民族风俗习惯、少数民族宗教 ,以及民族地区生态、民族地区市场经济方面的法制建设。惟其如此 ,才能顺利实施西部大开发的战略 ,才能真正实现民族平等、团结和共同繁荣 ,才能帮助少数民族走上现代化的发展道路。     

论中华复兴与文化高潮

文化与民族是密不可分的。文化是民族形成的重要标志和民族发展的重要条件。文化为民族发展指明方向 ,为民族复兴创造条件。实现中华民族伟大复兴 ,创造新的中华文明 ,不仅要求发展经济 ,创造发达的物质文明 ,而且要求兴起文化建设高潮 ,创造发达的精神文明